Issues in Hispanic and 28 Lusophone Linguistics Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact Studies from Africa, the Americas, and Spain Edited by Rajiv Rao John Benjamins Publishing Company Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics (IHLL) issn 2213-3887 IHLL aims to provide a single home for the highest quality monographs and edited volumes pertaining to Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics. In an effort to be as inclusive as possible, the series includes volumes that represent the many sub-fields and paradigms of linguistics that do high quality research targeting Iberian Romance languages. IHLL considers proposals that focus on formal syntax, semantics, morphology, phonetics/phonology, pragmatics from any established research paradigm, as well as psycholinguistics, language acquisition, historical linguistics, applied linguistics and sociolinguistics. The editorial board is comprised of experts in all of the aforementioned fields. For an overview of all books published in this series, please see benjamins.com/catalog/ihll Editors Jennifer Cabrelli Amaro Kimberly L. Geeslin University of Illinois at Chicago Indiana University Editorial Board Patrícia Amaral Michael Iverson Liliana Sánchez Indiana University Indiana University Rutgers University Sonia Colina Matthew Kanwit Ana Lúcia Santos University of Arizona University of Pittsburgh Universidade de Lisboa João Costa Paula Kempchinsky Scott A. Schwenter Universidade Nova de Lisboa University of Iowa Ohio State University Inês Duarte Juana M. Liceras Naomi Lapidus Shin Universidade de Lisboa University of Ottawa University of New Mexico Daniel Erker John M. Lipski Carmen Silva-Corvalán Boston University Pennsylvania State University University of Southern California Timothy L. Face Gillian Lord University of Minnesota University of Florida Miquel Simonet University of Arizona Sónia Frota Jairo Nunes Universidade de Lisboa Universidade de São Paulo Megan Solon State University of New York Ángel J. Gallego Acrisio Pires Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Juan Uriagereka University of Maryland María del Pilar García Mayo Pilar Prieto Universidad del País Vasco Universitat Pompeu Fabra Elena Valenzuela University of Ottawa Anna Gavarró Jason Rothman Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona UiT The Arctic University and Bill VanPatten Universidad Nebrija Michigan State University Volume 28 Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact Studies from Africa, the Americas, and Spain Edited by Rajiv Rao Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact Studies from Africa, the Americas, and Spain Edited by Rajiv Rao University of Wisconsin-Madison John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. doi 10.1075/ihll.28 Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress: lccn 2020017467 (print) / 2020017468 (e-book) isbn 978 90 272 0714 2 (Hb) isbn 978 90 272 6095 6 (e-book) © 2020 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company · https://benjamins.com Table of contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Rajiv Rao & Sandro Sessarego Part I: Africa chapter 1 Equatorial Guinea Spanish non-continuant /d/: More than a generic L2 trait 15 John M. Lipski Part II: The Americas chapter 2 The changing rhythm of Yucatan Spanish 35 Jim Michnowicz & Alex Hyler chapter 3 The vowel spaces of Spanish-K’ichee’ bilinguals 63 Brandon O. Baird chapter 4 Social contact and linguistic convergence: The reduction of intervocalic /d/ in Bilwi, Nicaragua 83 Whitney Chappell chapter 5 A preliminary, descriptive survey of rhotic and approximant fricativization in Northern Ecuadorian Andean Spanish varieties, Quichua, and Media Lengua 103 Jesse Stewart chapter 6 Intervocalic phonemic stop realization in Amazonian Peru: The case of Yagua Spanish 141 Nicholas Henriksen, Stephen Fafulas & Erin O’Rourke i Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact chapter 7 Rhotics in Shipibo-Konibo Spanish: A phonetic study 163 José Elías-Ulloa chapter 8 Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation: A case of contact-induced language change 207 Brianna Butera, Rajiv Rao & Sandro Sessarego chapter 9 The glottal stop in Guaraní and Paraguayan Spanish 227 Shaw Nicholas Gynan & Ernesto Luís López Almada chapter 10 The interaction of social factors in the acoustically gradient realization of intervocalic /d/ in Border Uruguayan Spanish 263 Mark Waltermire & Michael Gradoville chapter 11 Exploring focus extension in Mapudungun and Chilean Spanish intonational plateaus: The case for pragmatic transfer through language contact 293 Brandon M. A. Rogers Part III: Spain chapter 12 The Spanish sound system and intonation in contact with Galician 327 Xosé Luís Regueira & Elisa Fernández Rei chapter 13 The unstressed vowel system of Asturian Spanish: Language contact and phonetic contrast in word-final position 363 Sonia Barnes chapter 14 Spanish phonology in contact with Catalan: On implementations of gradience and discreteness in the study of sociolinguistic variation of laterals 383 Justin Davidson Table of contents ii chapter 15 Portuguese remnants in the Spanish of Olivenza (Extremadura): Exploring vowel raising, global speech rhythm, and intonation 421 Christoph Gabriel, Jonas Grünke & Elena Kireva Index 451 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to give my most heartfelt thanks to all of the authors who contributed to this volume. I sincerely appreciate their efforts to con- duct fieldwork in various parts of the Spanish-speaking world, in many cases in regions where most of us will never have the chance to go, as well as their willing- ness to share some of the findings stemming from their data as part of this col- lection of papers. I am also grateful for their cooperation, patience, and overall positive spirit throughout the process of developing this volume. I consider myself fortunate to have had the chance to collaborate with such a wonderful group of high-caliber scholars and high-character individuals. Furthermore, I am indebted to all expert peer-reviewers of chapters, who were kind enough to enthusiastically allocate their time and energy to support the publication of this volume. Their valuable feedback has ensured that the final version of each chapter is as polished as possible. These colleagues are: Scott Alvord (Brigham Young University), Jaine Beswick (University of Southampton), Travis Bradley (UC Davis), Esther Brown (University of Colorado Boulder), Phil- lip Carter (Florida International University), Sonia Colina (University of Ari- zona), Marisa Cruz (University of Lisbon), Maria del Mar Vanrell (University of the Balearic Islands), José Elías-Ulloa (Stony Brook University), Christy García (Saint Louis University), Miguel García (Georgia Southern University), Marisol Garrido (Eastern Michigan University), C. Elizabeth Goodin-Mayeda (University of Houston), Chad Howe (University of Georgia), Seunghun Lee (International Christian University, Japan), Elisabeth Mayer (Australian National University), Trudel Meisenburg (Osnabrück University), Antje Muntendam (Florida State Uni- versity), Steve Parker (Dallas International University), Marta Ramírez Martínez (College of Charleston), Daniel Recasens (Autonomous University of Barcelona), Brendan Regan (Texas Tech University), Sergio Robles-Puente (West Virginia Uni- versity), Joaquín Romero Gallego (Rovira i Virgili University), Rebecca Ronquest (North Carolina State University), Paolo Roseano (University of Barcelona and University of South Africa), Scott Sadowsky (Catholic University of Chile), Armin Schwegler (UC Irvine), Megan Solon (SUNY Albany), Gisela Tomé Lourido (Uni- versity of Leeds), João Veloso (University of Porto), Marina Vigário (University of Lisbon), and Fernando Zúñiga (University of Bern). I would also like to thank the editors of the Issues in Hispanic and Luso- phone Linguistics series, Jennifer Cabrelli and Kim Geeslin. Their collegiality and