Some Nomenclatural Adjustments in the Commelinaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, and Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula I. M. Turner Department of Botany, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260 Abstract. The following new combinations are Amischotolype griffithii (C. B. Clarke) I. M. Tur¬ provided for the flora of the Malay Peninsula: Amis- ner, comb. nov. Basionym: Forrestia griffithii chotolype griffithii (C. B. Clarke) I. M. Turner, C. B. Clarke in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 236. Amischotolype irritans (Ridley) I. M. Turner, Arnis- 1881. SYNTYPES: Peninsular Malaysia. “Ma¬ chotolype monosperma (C. B. Clarke) I. M. Turner, lacca,” Maingay 1712 (lectotype, selected Molineria latifolia (Dryander) Kurz var. megacarpa here, K); “Ager Punnus” (presumably a mis¬ (Ridley) I. M. Turner, Litsea ochracea (Blume) Boer- spelling of an orthographic variant of Air Pan- lage var. oblanceolata (Gamble) I. M. Turner, Litsea as, i.e., hotspring), Griffith 5485 (K). umbellata (Loureiro) Merrill var. fuscotomentosa (Meisner) I. M. Turner, Coptophyllum sylvestre (Rid¬ Amischotolype irritans (Ridley) I. M. Turner, ley) I. M. Turner, Spermacoce pilulifera (Ridley) I. comb. nov. Basionym: Forrestia irritans Ridley, M. Turner, Spermacoce parviceps (Ridley) I. M. Tur¬ J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 38. 1903. ner, Pouteria glabra (Ridley) I. M. Turner, Alpinia SYNTYPES: Peninsular Malaysia. “Selangor, malaccensis (Burman) Roscoe var. nobilis (Ridley) on the Tras Route at the 15th mile,” H. N. I. M. Turner, Alpinia vitellina (Lindley) Ridley var. Ridley s.n. (lectotype, selected here, SING); cannaefolia (Ridley) I. M. Turner, Etlingera main- “Perak, Bujong Malacca,” 11 N. Ridley 9784 gayi (Baker) R. M. Smith var. longibracteata (Holt- (SING); “Sungei Ujong, Bukit Kupayiang,” N. tum) I. M. Turner, Etlingera metriochilos (Griffith) Cantley s.n. (SING). R. M. Smith var. rubrostriata (Holttum) I. M. Tur¬ ner, Etlingera metriochilos var. major (Holttum) I. Amischotolype monosperma (C. B. Clarke) I. M. M. Turner, Etlingera metriochilos var. petiolata Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Forrestia mon¬ (Holttum) I. M. Turner, and Etlingera metriochilos osperma C. B. Clarke, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: var. grandiflora (Holttum) I. M. Turner. 359. 1898. TYPE: “Aus Perak in den botan. Garten zu Pinang und von hier in die Garten In order to bring the nomenclature for the flora zu Singapur, Buitenzorg u. s. w. eingefiihrt.” of the Malay Peninsula into line with modem sys¬ tematic treatments for a forthcoming checklist, it is In the description of this species Clarke said that necessary to introduce a number of new combina¬ it was originally collected from Perak and grown in the Botanic Gardens at Penang and later Singapore, tions at specific and varietal levels in the Com¬ Bogor, and elsewhere, but he did not mention any melinaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, herbarium material. There is a single specimen in Sapotaceae, and Zingiberaceae. a type cover at Kew (Ridley 4599) annotated “For- Commelinaceae restia monosperma sp. nova C. B. Clarke m.s.,” but it was collected at Kuala Lumpur, making the sheet A small group of species of wet tropical and sub¬ a poor candidate for typification. The herbaria at tropical forest understory herbs of Southeast Asian Geneva, Hamburg, and Leiden do not contain any Commelinaceae has long been referred to the genus type material of this species (A. Charpin (G), pers. Forrestia A. Richard (1834). Unfortunately, this comm.; H.-H. Poppendieck (HBG), pers. comm.; M. name is a later homonym of Forrestia Rafinesque Roos (L), pers. comm.). (1806), a synonym of Ceanothus L. (Rhamnaceae). The next available name for the genus is Amischo- Hypoxidaceae tolype Hasskarl (1863). The genus is in need of revision, but in the meantime transfers to Amischo- The genus Molineria Colla is frequently included tolype are made for the three remaining untransfer¬ within Curculigo Gaertner. But, as Henderson red species occurring in the Malay Peninsula. (1987) has written “Though there are similarities Novon 6: 221-224. 1996. 222 Novon between the two, there are differences in such fun¬ Rubiaceae damental attributes as stem system, flowers, fruit In his account of one of the early plant collecting and seeds which warrant keeping them distinct.” trips to the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, Rid¬ Curculigo megacarpa Ridley is the only Malayan ley (1893) described a species in the new rubia- species without a combination in Molineria. This ceous genus Pomazota. Bremekamp (1947) recog¬ deficiency is dealt with below. nized that this species belonged in the same genus as species already described in Coptophyllum Kor- Molineria latifolia (Dryander) Herbert ex Kurz thals. However, as Korthals’s name was predated var. megacarpa (Ridley) I. M. Turner, comb, by Coptophyllum G. Gardner, Bremekamp accepted nov. Basionym: Curculigo megacarpa Ridley, Pomazota as the correct name for the larger genus. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 41: 33. 1903. Subsequently, however, Coptophyllum Korthals has Curculigo latifolia Dryander var. megacarpa been accepted as a conserved name, and the type (Ridley) Geerinck, FI. Males, ser. I 11 (2): species of Pomazota is duly transferred to it below. 369. 1993. TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia. “Per¬ When describing Pomazota sylvestris, Ridley ak, in forests on the Thaiping Hills,” H. N. wrote that the plant was “plentiful in open path¬ Ridley 11407 (holotype, SING). ways in Pulau Tawar woods” but did not refer to any herbarium specimens. The excellent plate ac¬ Lauraceae companying the description could be used as the type, but there is one collection of Ridley’s in SING It is necessary to correct two minor nomencla- from Pulau Tawar predating the publication. This tural errors introduced in the account of the Lau¬ has been annotated by C. X. Furtado as “the type raceae of Malaya made by Kochummen (1989). He of the species and the genus.” This specimen is attempted to reduce Litsea oblanceolata Gamble to now formally designated the lectotype of Pomazota a variety of Litsea ochracea (Blume) Boerlage. How¬ sylvestris Ridley and hence also that of the genus ever, as no direct reference to the place of publi¬ Pomazota Ridley. cation of the basionym was made, the transfer was invalid. It is validated below. Coptophyllum sylvestre (Ridley) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Pomazota sylvestris Rid¬ Litsea ochracea (Blume) Boerlage var. oblanceo¬ ley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3: 308. lata (Gamble) Kochummen ex I. M. Turner, 1893. TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang, comb. nov. Basionym: Litsea oblanceolata “plentiful in open pathways in Pulau Tawar Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1910: 362. 1910. woods,” H. N. Ridley 2230 (lectotype, selected SYNTYPES: Peninsular Malaysia. “Perak: here, SING). moist places near Larut,” King’s collector (Kunstler) 2020 (lectotype, selected here, K); The majority of recent treatments, e.g., Verdcourt King’s collector 1952 (K). (1976) and Fosberg et al. (1993), have reduced Borreria G. F. W. Meyer to a section of Spermacoce Kochummen (1989) erroneously assigned the au¬ L. Two apparently endemic species, described from thorship of Litsea umbellata var. fuscotomentosa to Malaya by Ridley, require combinations in Sper¬ Meisner, referring to the publication where Meisner macoce. described Tetranthera amara var. fuscotomentosa, without citing the latter name. The combination has Spermacoce pilulifera (Ridley) I. M. Turner, never formally been made. The necessary transfer comb. nov. Basionym: Borreria pilulifera Rid¬ of Meisner’s variety to Litsea umbellata is complet¬ ley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 299. ed below. 1922. TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia. “Road¬ sides, Selangor, Klang Gates,” 1 Jan. 1921, H. Litsea umbellata (Loureiro) Merrill var. fuscoto¬ N. Ridley (holotype, K). mentosa (Meisner) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Tetranthera amara (Blume) Nees Spermacoce parviceps (Ridley) I. M. Turner, var. fuscotomentosa Meisner in DC., Prod. 15: comb. nov. Basionym: Borreria parviceps Rid' 190. 1864. Litsea amara Blume var. fuscoto¬ ley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 299. mentosa (Meisner) Hooker f., FI. Brit. India 5: 1922. TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia. “Road¬ 163. 1877. SYNTYPES: Peninsular Malaysia. sides, Negri Sembilan, Bukit Tangga Pass, 23 Penang, Phillips s.n. (lectotype, selected here, Dec. 1920, H. N. Ridley (holotype, SING; iso¬ K); Zolling n. 467 (not seen). type, K). Volume 6, Number 2 Turner 223 1996 Nomenclatural Adjustments Sapotaceae Etlingera metriochilos (Griffith) R. M. Smith var. rubrostriata (Holttum) I. M. Turner, comb, In order to follow Pennington’s (1991) generic nov. Basionym: Achasma sphaerocephalum classification of the Sapotaceae, it is necessary to (Baker) Holttum var. rubrostriatum Holttum, transfer the following, narrowly endemic, species Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 190. 1950. TYPE: from the mountains of Malaya to Pouteria. Peninsular Malaysia. “Selangor, near the Gap,” E. J. H. Corner SFN 30776 (holotype, SING). Pouteria glabra (Ridley) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Sideroxylon glabrum Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 28. 1912. Etlingera metriochilos (Griffith) R. M. Smith var. Planchonella glabra (Ridley) Lam, Bull. Jard. major (Holttum) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Bas¬ Bot. Buitenzorg 7: 217. 1925. TYPE: Penin¬ ionym: Achasma sphaerocephalum (Baker) sular Malaysia. “Selangor: Sempang Mines,” Holttum var. majus Holttum, Gard. Bull. Sin¬ H. N. Ridley 15770 (holotype, SING (not lo¬ gapore 13: 190. 1950. TYPE: Peninsular Ma¬ cated recently); isotype, K). laysia. “Trengganu, Bukit Kajang, Kemaman,” E. J. H. Comer SFN 30205 (holotype, SING). ZlNGIBERACEAE Etlingera metriochilos (Griffith) R. M. Smith var. A recent tendency to recognize larger, more in¬ petiolata (Holttum) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. clusive genera in the Zingiberaceae has meant that Basionym: Achasma sphaerocephalum (Baker) several varieties of species recognized in Malaya Holttum var. petiolatum Holttum, Gard. Bull. by Holttum (1950) need to be transferred to the Singapore 13: 191. 1950. SYNTYPES: Pen¬ appropriate positions in Alpinia and Etlingera. insular Malaysia. “Johore, Ulu Segun, G. Pan- ti,” E. J. H. Corner SFN 30745 (lectotype, se¬ lected here, SING); “Perak, G. Keledang,” H. Alpinia malaccensis (Burman) Roscoe var. nobi- N. Ridley 9575 (SING). lis (Ridley) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Alpinia nobilis Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 32: 169. 1899. Catimbium malac- Etlingera metriochilos (Griffith) R. M. Smith var. cense (Burman) Holttum var. nobilis (Ridley) grandiflora (Holttum) I. M. Turner, comb, Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 155. 1950. nov. Basionym: Achasma sphaerocephalum TYPE: Singapore. Cultivated in Botanic Gar¬ (Baker) Holttum var. grandiflorum Holttum, dens, II. N. Ridley 4617 (lectotype, selected Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 191. 1950. TYPE: by Smith (1990), K). Peninsular Malaysia. “Trengganu, Bukit Ka¬ jang, Kemaman,” E. J. H. Comer SFN 30234 (holotype, SING). Alpinia vitellina (Lindley) Ridley var. caimaefol- ia (Ridley) I. M. Turner, comb. nov. Basionym: Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the Keepers Alpinia cannaefolia Ridley, J. Straits Branch and librarians in Singapore and Kew for access to Roy. Asiat. Soc. 32: 174. 1899. Cenolophon the material in their charge, and to A. Charpin, vitellinum (Lindley) Horan var. cannaefolium H.-H. Poppendieck, and M. Roos for answering my (Ridley) Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: enquiries about the type of Forrestia monosperma. 138. 1950. TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia. “Se¬ Financial support came from the National Univer¬ langor, Dusun Tua,” May 1896, H. N. Ridley sity of Singapore and the Conservation, Food and (lectotype, selected by Smith (1990), K; iso- Health Foundation (USA). lectotype, SING). Literature Cited Etlingera maingayi (Baker) R. M. Smith var. lon- Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1947. A monograph of the genus gibracteata (Holttum) I. M. Turner, comb, Pomazota Ridley (Rubiaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 28: nov. Basionym: Phaeomeria maingayi (Baker) 186-203. K. Schumann var. longibracteata Holttum, Fosberg, F. R., M.-H. Sachet & R. L. Oliver. 1993. Flora of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. Smithsoni¬ Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 180. 1950. TYPE: an Contr. Bot. 81: 1—135. Peninsular Malaysia. “Pahang, Tembeling,” M. Hasskarl, J. K. 1863. Amischotolype Hsskl., eine neue R. Henderson SFN 24522 (holotype, SING). Gattung der Commelinaceae. Flora 46: 391-393. 224 Novon Henderson, R. J. F. 1987. Molineria. In: Flora of Austra¬ Richard, A. 1834. In: J. S. C. Dumont d’Urville, Voyage lia 45: 192—193. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne. de D^couvertes de PAstrolabe, Part 2. Paris. Holttum, R. E. 1950. The Zingiberaceae of the Malay Ridley, H. N. 1893. On the flora of the Eastern Coast of Peninsula. Gard. Bull., Singapore 13: 1-249. the Malay Peninsula. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3: Kochummen, K. M. 1989. Lauraceae. In: Tree Flora of 267-408. Malaya 4: 98-178. Longman Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Smith, R. M. 1990. Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): A proposed Pennington, T. D. 1991. The Genera of the Sapotaceae. new infrageneric classification. Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1-75. Rafinesque, C. S. 1806. Additions to Michaux’s Flora of Verdcourt, B. 1976. Rubiaceae (Part 1). Flora of Tropical North America. Med. Repos, ser. 2, 3: 422^123. East Africa. Crown Agents, London.