TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society ooff JJaapapnan ZOOLOGICALSCIENCE 8:179-lg5 (1991) @ 1991 Zoologica lSociet yof Japan SomeHarvestmen (ArachnidOap,iliones)from Taiwan. I.Phalanghdae, Leiobuninae NoBuo TsuRusAKI Department ofBiology,17bcultyofEducation,7bttoriUhiversity, 7bttori680,Japan ABSTRACT-New 1ocalit yrecords are give nfor fiv especies of harvestmen of the subfamily Leiobuninae (Phalangii Pdaalpea,tere sf)rom Taiwan, Leiobunum oharai n. sp., related to L. hikocola Suzuki of the curivipaipe-group, is describe dfrom Shihou, near Mt. Alishan. Variation in coloration ef Leiobunum japonic utamiwanum Suzuki is also brief idyescribed. / 1 ('tt., INTRODUCTION 15' rt 't't in his major work [1 o]n the Taiwanese species of harvestmen, Suzuki liste 2d5 species (2 8forms, if two subspecies and an unidentified species are included )c,omposed of eight species of the sub- order Laniatore sand 17 speeies of the suborder / Palpatores . However, our knowledge of the opi- :4'pt lioni dfauna of Taiwan is stM rather poor com- pared with that of Japan. During the examination -. 1/t/13,ii fromTaiwan pt of some opilionids, recently collected bscopyle lcmeiycetes dc .oa1s1 eIaw gewuliellsl, apsr Ies oshmeeanv te h sefpreoecui ernsesd u altw shfie cfhwo ur nfdaiersevc resippboeecdoiresly /t ,tt/･t- t1ttt' ')"tJep ,.}" ? .!'./t.t,,r /1;;,.F' ,l"E.LlL .'tz'･.. /;ii',,.'//lt･t'i, ..'/.,/J1'a.,･,-,'..'' bPehlaolnagnignigi datoe , tash e thsueb fafmiilrys pta pLeeri oibn uan isenrai ealo fw ortkhe !3' N t .o, ' '1'. f .1 "3'";./. / 1e/.r't. 1L,, 1 '' .1･, " "}/'.'"'/"''-''l'i''ll. dofe atlhie n Lgweitiho bTuaniuwman ecusrevi poapiiplei-ognriodusp. A [ n2e w,3] sipse cailesso tt./･" / .-<ntit t ･t･ " rV,T t 'e.t-tt,L-:t,t':' o =-."'f'･,:･ described. The holotyp eand some voucher specimens are ;1,/, -!i depositedintheNationalScienceMuseum, Tokyo ff .ny (NSMT) . Others are temporarily kept in my !2. personal collection in Facult yof Education ,Tot- L!O'E 1!1･E IZ:'E tori University (NTC) .Other abbreviations used: FIG, 1. Distributi oonf Leiobunum maximum Rocwer BL=Body length; CL=Cephalothorax length; (sol isydmbols) and Leiobunum oharai n. sp. (aster- FIL=Femur I (i. efe.mu,r of firs lteg )length ;Fe= isk )in Taiwan. Synthesiz perdeviou srecords [1 a]nd femur;Pa=patella;Ti=tibia;Mt==metatarsus; Ta newly found 1ocalitie s.Subspecie sof L. maximum are: L, m. formos u(mcirc Ll.e m.) ;ytashan (triang- =tarsus. le) ;and present specimens whose subspecific de- signation is impossibl (esquar Deo)tt.ed and broken AcceptedAugust 19901990 lines denote contour line sfor 5co m and 2,(X) mO in Receivod June 27,16, altitude, respectively. NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society ooff JJaapapnan 180 N, TSURuSAKI Family Phalanglidae ar m ed ve n tr al ly with a row of small blackish- Subfamily Leiobuninae c o l or e d t u b e rc l e sextending nearly ful llengt hof the segment. Leiobunum ntaximum Roewer, 1910 (s .Iat.) Legs, long and slender; coxae without lateral (Fi g1). rows of denticles ;trochanters with a few denticles SPecime nexsamined. Hsiangyang (Ea sotf Mt, on both posterio arnd anterior sides; femora with Guanshan), 2,140m alt., 2 juv .4,-XI-1989 ,Y, minute scattered teeth uniformly; patella weith a Nishikawa [NTC]. few teeth above; remaining leg-segment osnly with Dtstribution .China (Fuji adnistrict )T,aiwan fin ehairs. (Fi g1)., Japan (Th eRyukyus) [1 2,], Penis .Shaft 1.79mm long, O.13mm wide at Remarks. This species, which was originally base; glan sO.25 mm long ,O.39 mm at widest por- describe dfrom China by Roewer [4] h,as been tion, stylus O.06mm long. Shaft slender, some- divide dinto four subspecies, maximum, formo-what widened at middle part ;alate part consisted sam, yushan, and distinctu [m2 ]O.fthese, two, L. of two paralle lpair sof thin menbraneous proces- mtzximum fonnosu mSuzuki and L. m. yttshan ses, i.e. ,ventTal alates and dorsa lalates, to form Suzuki ,are distribut eidn Taiwan (Fi g1.). Howev- Iatera lpouches (Fi g2.G). eT, designatio nof the presen tmaterial to the Coloratio n.Body, in ethanol, cream-yellow subspecific level was impossible because the speci- finel yspecked with numerous dark-brown pig- mens were too lmmature. ments, Pattern shown in Figure 2A. Eye tubercle cream-yellow with blackish brown ring around each eye. Venter uniformly cream-yellow except Lelobunum ohtwui' n. sp. for somewhat darkened posterio rrims of stemites, (Fig s1-.2) Chelicer acream-yellow, Palp cream-yellow except Specime enxasmined. Shihou, near Mt. Alishan, for the both latera lsurfaces of femur partl yspeck- 2 e (holot [yNpSeMT a]nd paratyp e[NTC] 9)-,IV- ed with dark pigments. Legs brown. 6hara, 1986, M. Flemale .Unknown. Description . Male: Body as shown in Figure Measurements (i nmm). Male holotype (male 2A. Dorsal integumen tsmooth, without any arm- paratype in parentheses ):cephalothorax O.95 atures. Cephalothora xwider than abdomen. Eye (1.0 l4o)ng, 2.16 (2.2 5wi)de; abdomen 2.oo (2.10) tubercle (Fi g2B.-C) separated by it slengt hfrom wide; total body length 3.12 (3.43 )F.emur I the front margin of the cephalothorax, dorsally length :5,7 (5.5). wider than long, lateral lslyightly and frontally Length of palp and legs of male holotype: Palp base; (Fe/Pa/Ti/Ttoat;al):O.98/O.64/O.8511.238,;75. conspicuously constricted at canaliculate above, with a small blunt tubercle on each carina Legs (FelPalTilM ttfotTala);: Leg I: 5.7Xl.1/ (Fig,2B)L.abrum (Fig.2D), but 5.8X8.218.22;9,O. Leg II: 10.8/1.4/11.5113.4/ simple with denticles bothlateral 21.6; 58.7. Leg III:5.6Xl.215.6/8.818.249;.6. several on sides, Venter . Surface sof coxae I-IV and genital Leg IV: 7.511.2/7.5111.8/13.6 ;41.6. operculum only with sparoe short hairs ;free ster- Distributi onK.nown only from type locality nites likewise with a few sparce hairs. (Fi g1,). Chelicera (Fi g2.E), normal; both segments dor- Etymology . The specM6cha repiathet is give nin sally with short hairs ;dista lsegment armed dis- honor of Mr. Masahiro who collected the tornesall ywith three or four denticl easnd several speormens. short hairs. Remarks. This species is sirnilar in many ways to Palp (Fi g2F.), slender; femur slightly curved Leiobunum hikocol aSuzuki (whic ihs distributed ventrally, distolatera lwliyth several blackish- in Kyushu, Japan, as well as Is .Yaku, and Is. colored denticle sp;atell waidened distall yand with Amami-oshima of the Ryukyus). Hence, this a distomesa lblunt process ;tibia slightly widened species is considered to be the second member of distall y;tarsus slender, slightly curved ventrally, the hikocola-subgro uofp the curvipaipe-group [3 .] NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society ooff JJaapapnan Harvestmen from Taiwan.I, 181 c A D G FiG.2 . Leiobanutn oharai n. sp., holotype ,male, A, Dorsal view of body, B-C, Right latera l(B )and frontal (C) yiews of eye tubercle. D, Lateral (abov ean)d ventral (belo wvi)ews of labrum. E, Mesal view of lef tchelicera. F, Mesal view of lef tpalp. G, Ventral (le fatnd) later a(lrig hvti)ews of penis .Arrow indicate as gap made by ventral and dorsal alates. All scales=O.5 mm. NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society ooff JJaapapnan 182 N. TSURUSAKIMt. This species differ sfrom L. hikocola by having a Chinanshan population (1 male): BL, 3,38; penis with lateral elxytended latera plouches [c f3,. CL, 1.14 ;FIL, 10.9. 5], chelicerae with distomesa ldenticle sa,nd an Dtstribution ,Taiwan (Fi g5.). extensively pigmented body. Maturity in early Remarks. One male specimen collected from April is also unique among the members of the Mt. Chinanshan differe fdrom both the specimens curvipaipe-group which usually mature in July and from Cuifeng and the original descripti oonf the August (Eve nit soccurrence in the southernmost subspecies by Suzuki [1 ]i,n several respects. area of the distributiona rlange of the group does Namely, the whole legs including trochanters and a not seem to account for this early maturity), part of palp of a male from Chinanshan are considerably darkened. No such melanization has been reported in other specimens from Taiwan LeiobunumJ'apante"m taiwanum Suzuki, 1977 (compar Feig. 3A-B and 3C). The same male from (Fig3s,.4A-B, 5) Mt. Chinanshan also had a small spine on the Leiobunum japonicu mjaponicum :Suzuki ,1976 second abdominal tergite (Fi g3.A-B). Although [2 ]p,. 204 (i npart) ,figs .305-307. such a rudimentary spine occurs in this species (s. Leiobunum japonic utamiwanum Suzuki ,1977 [ll, lat. )n,o conspecific specimens so far collected p. 150, fig .11A-B, from Taiwan canied such a spine . The penis of the Chinanshan specimen is longer than those of Specime nexsamined. Cuifeng ,2,OOOm alt., Cuifeng population (Fi g4,A-B). These observa- 5 S 26VII-1986, S. Aoki. SW of Mt. Chinanshan tions show the considerable geographi cvariation , (NE of Liugui), 1,700 m alt., 1 S , 1-XI-1989, Y. of this species withi nTaiwan. Nishikawa. Measurements i(ni nmm). CuifenBg Lp,opu3l,a0t9i-o3 n.(355 Psee"logagreLl acyanea (Roewe r1,915) males, means parentheses): (Fig4sC.-D,5) (3.21C)L,;1.03.1.27(1.16FI)L;,8.3.9.2(8.88), FIG.3. Leiobunum japonicu mtaiwanum Suzuki . A-B, Dorsal (A) and later al(B) views of from Mt. Chinanshan .C, Dorsal view of male from Cuifeng. Scale==1 mm (Al ftigure dsrawn to sca]e).male NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society ooff JJaapapnan Harvestmen fromTaiwan, I. 183 ! tlt RG,4, Ventral (le ftand) late[a l(rig hvti)ews of penes of Leiobttnum japonicu mtaiwanttm Suzuki (A-B), Rseudogagrell cayanea (Roewe r()C-D) a,nd Rseudogagrell taaiwana Suzuki (E) .Scales=O.5 mm (le fsctale for A-B, righ tfor C-E), Localities (se Feig, 5): A, Mt. Chinanshan; B, Cuifeng ;C, Jiuzu-Wenhua-Cun, near Yuchi; D, Tengchih; E, Mt. Yangmingshan. Gagrell acyanea Roewer, 1915 [6 ]p,. 142 [Type: £pecimens examined. Mt. Anmashan-chuan Rokko, Taiwan] ;1923 [7 ]p,. 991; 1954 [8 ]p,. (SW of Mts. Xiaoxueshan and Zhongxueshan), 228; Suzuki ,1944 [9] p,, 250 (i npart). 2,250m alt. , lg, 20-X-1989, Y. Nishikawa Gagrell aformos Raoeewer, 1915 [6] p,. 143; 1923 [NSIv rr]Ri.xuetan: Jiuzu-Wenhua-Cun near [7 ]p,. 991; 1954 [8 ]p,. 226; Suzuki, 1944 [9] p,. Yuchi, le, 5-XI-1987 ,U. Kurosu [NTC] R;i- 252.Rseudogagrella xuetan, 1¢ 7-VI-1989 ,U. Kurosu; Shuishe ,1 , cyanea: Suzuki ,1974 [10 ]p,. 137; juv .2,7-II-198 8U,. Kurosu [NTC] .Tengchih (NE 1977 [1 ]p,. 141, figs .8, 13B-E. of Liubie), 1,550 m, 1 e , 31-X-1989 ,Y, Nishikawa Rseudqgagrella formosa eS:uzuki, 1974 [10 ]p,. [NSMT]. 137. Measurements (i nmm). Mt. Anmashan-chuan (1 BL, 4.5;CL, 2.0;FIL, 13.4.Rixuetan (1 rnale): NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society oofJfap anJapan 184 N. TSURUSAKI i LeiobuiiueJaponleumtaiwanum l Pseudogagrella spp. ,iz 3, "'- t't .i /''-t'.,' ie,t' G;ts A5"it･ I , . ,. t - t.. 'ttT t t. . -t l .ls' .., '''tl)" "s:;-:,･'.rl''. . , ･L" ' ,l ''J t;t'･..-'-.:":;1"L..t./tttt/t.-..r.itt!vt,-tt...tt.'' c:,.;.i"S";i,'.,'r･""L't t.e. ;- -'･c-1.t1til -i,M' ',1-i･v- ?.:.. ,;.,t titi"t- -.i.-.l t-"t .HiiE , : : ' t t ･ - .f'lit' 'I. ･../s:,:f./ililll'1:"':'r"k'i;"lk'"i'S , i:'lJf/1':?r. , ,.r"'175ili?. rl:ti-/;r/'gl'//':"' .l','/lti･ill･･･}s...; ･.li...... 'L';, 1 ,..1 f'" p ,sll'1'', s")S.'iyt;. " : " l ' i -S 4r[`""'J-". ･"t tr,i.',･:/ ,/1/I'V'hl.l,･,".' r' l ',･･/1'' ag)1I/:x),,･･･: - /(･ l･･,i.,.ji S ･' .i ,:,, '/ i",･'/,l,,['tlt, il.iil% e .,,,,,,'･-illiiil'1l-'",1,;,5ii,si, ///i[e,1" )l iii''l"'ils?Sl',J:lzli' ,li'-11'l'i;'"' . ! /."i"lll{f',1ti"ci',ii .･･1;./,Ii'ltt/t:L,:c･.)'.l..,;;l' '7' >!Iy.e.,S.i,N ' F･ siif23-Nt( l23' ti ･-, 'tt.;l.,･f;' N , e ,,. .ll!.llL`?(i i1 tYtl/- . ''",S..l /Ll･.7 ･ St ;･p,S1' ,'/',-' /;.'t,/ "','".･,l="l1 ,v t..-･t./'r'':.1/t'/.;' ･./';L/-",･7; trii'/. tr')e 't1e -'Er/-//' eq 'i,' ･{ v- 1.e ' t- 'CF, S; ttt./,ti÷L:.l".', .t ,. 7 C: :t 'he ''･-:'J'lt t ttJ ･{- -?tt;･ '/li,- y 22' N ･ (3 Z2DN g ' 1 " o 1 l2 0' E lz l.E I ZO OE 121`E IZZ'E FIG.5. Distributi oonf Leiobunum iuponicu mtaiwanum Suzuki (le fatnd) four species of the genus Pseudogagrella (ri g h i tn )T a iw a n . P re v i ou s [ 1 a ]nd n ew r ec ord s. Pseudogagrella spp. are: P. cyanea (Roewe r()sol ciirdcles); P. taiwa n a S u z u ki ( t r i a n g lP e. sar )is ;ha na S u zu k i ( s q u a reP.s a)nd;oi Suzuki (ope ncircles). Some localitie wsith nurnb er s: 1 , C u i f e ng 2; , Mt . C h i n a ns h a n ; 3 , M t, Ya n g m in g s h an ; 4, Jiuzu-Wenhua-Cun near Yuchi; 5, Tengchih. Other explanations in Fig. 1. male): BL, 5.7 ;CL, 2.4 ;FIL, 15,2 . Jiuzu- RseudogagreLla taiwana Suzuki ,1977 Wenhua-Cun: BL, 5.9;CL, 2.7;FIL, 13.8.Teng- (Fig4sE.,5) c hiDhi s(t1r miablue)t:io n B.LT,hr (o5u.Fg3ih; ogC5uL.)t,, 2T.a0i;w aFnIL ,ex c1l3ud.i4n.g the R sefuidgo.g9 a.gre[naT ytapiwea-na1 oScu zauMklti.i, t19yY7a:7n g[mi1n] gps,.h a1n4,4, northernmost area Taipei] Remarks. This species seems to be the most common harvestman in Taiwan. The penis varies Specimen sexcmtined. Taipei, Mt. Yangming- somewhat in size and shape (Fi g4.C-D, see also shan, 6e 2\ [1 8 NSMT, others in NTC], 19-VIII- fig .8N-S in [1] )Co.llection data suggest that this 1989, M. 6hara. species has a univoltine lif ecycle; overwintering as Metzsurement s(i nmm): Mt. Yangmingshan juvenil weisth, adults occurring from Apri11May to population: males (n=6 ,means in parentheses)! November. BL, 5.4-6.5(6.0)CL;, 2.2-2.7(2.5)FI;L,14.1- NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee ZZoooloolgiocagliSoccaielty Society oofJfap anJapan 1as 15.7 (14. 7F)e.males (n=2 ,means in parenth- 2 Suzuki ,S. (197 6I)he genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch eses): BL, 6.7-6.7 (6.7 )CL;, 2.7-2.7 (2.7 F)I;L, of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobmid aOepi,- 13.0-13.5(13.3). liones A,rachnida) .J. Sci .Hiroshima Univ., (B-1), 26:1ew.260. Distn'buti oNno.rthernmost part ofTaiwan (Fig. 3 Tsu rusaki, N. (198 5)Taxonomic revision of the 5). Leiobunum curvipaipe-group (Arachni daOp,i- Remarks. The recently co11ected speeimens liones, Phalangiidae), I. hikocola- h,itzsa ik-o,hyai-, from the type localit yagree well (includ piennigs, and plaopenis-subgroups. J. Fac, Sei ,Hokkaido Fig. 4E) with the original descriptio nby Suzuki Univ. VI, Zool. ,M: 1-42. [co1ul] d . Nboe dseubtsetcanttei dabl etmworepheonl ogtihcails spe cidesi ffaenrde nPc.es 4 Rgdoeier ovPsihetarle ,aC(tn.=hg OhFi.dp a(ie 1l(9iS1ou 0nbPR)efaeslavipmsaiitolo nrGi eadesge n)rr1 .:eO. tTplemiianlo i L:n,iFeoasbm udPniliea-- cyanea except in the penis stmcture. ni, Leptobunini. )A.bh. Naturw. Ver,, 19: 1-294. 5 Suzuki ,S. (196 6)Two new species of the genus Leiobuni"n (Leiobuni dOapei,liones )from East ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Asia. Annot. Zool. Japon., 39: 160-168. I am gratefu 1to Prof. Yoshiaki Nishikawa (Otemon 6 Roewer, C. F. (191 51)06 neue OpMoniden. Arch. Gakuin University )D,rs. Shigeyuk iAoki (Riss hUnoi- Naturg ,(Berli 8n1)A,: 1-152. versity), Utako.Kurosu (Toky oNoko University )a,nd 7 Roewer, C, F. (192 3D)ie Weberknechte der Erde. Mr. Masahiro Ohara (Hoklga iUdnioversit yf)or giving 1116 pp. Gustav Fischer, Jena. me the opportunity to study the presen tmaterial. Cor- 8 Roewer, C. F. (195 4I)ndoaustralis hGeagrellinae dia lthanks are also due to Dr. Robert Holmberg of (()pili oAnreasch,nidae) ,(Weite rWeeberknechte Athabasca Universit y,Alberta ,for his review of the XVIII) 1 Teil .Senckenbergian abiol. 3,5: 181-as6. manuscript and to Dr. Shingo Nakamura (Shobara, 9 Suzuki,S. (194 4O)pdiones from ForTnos aandthe Hiroshima Pref. )for his help in mapping some 1ocalities Ryukyus. J, Sci .Hiroshima Uniy., (B-1 )1,0: 249- in Taiwan. 257. (I nJapanese with Enghsh diagiios ifsor a new species) 10 Suzuki, S. (197 4)A revision of some harvestmen REFERENCES from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species (NachnidaOp,diones, heiobunidae),J, Sci. 1 Suzuki,S,(1977O)piliones fromTaiwan (Arach- nida) .J.S ci .Hiro shirn aUniv , ,(B -1 )2,7: 121-157. Hiroshima Univ, (B-1 )2,5: 137-145. NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service