Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials 24 Gerhard Sommer Kewei Li Daniel Ch. Haspinger Raymond W. Ogden   Editors Solid (Bio)mechanics: Challenges of the Next Decade A Book Dedicated to Professor Gerhard A. Holzapfel Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Volume 24 SeriesEditor AmitGefen,DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,TelAvivUniversity,Ramat Aviv,Israel Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/8415 · · Gerhard Sommer Kewei Li · Daniel Ch. Haspinger Raymond W. Ogden Editors Solid (Bio)mechanics: Challenges of the Next Decade A Book Dedicated to Professor Gerhard A. Holzapfel Editors GerhardSommer KeweiLi InstituteofBiomechanics ColumbiaUniversityIrvingMedicalCenter GrazUniversityofTechnology NewYork,NY,USA Graz,Austria RaymondW.Ogden DanielCh.Haspinger SchoolofMathematicsandStatistics InstituteofBiomechanics UniversityofGlasgow GrazUniversityofTechnology Glasgow,UK Graz,Austria ISSN1868-2006 ISSN1868-2014 (electronic) StudiesinMechanobiology,TissueEngineeringandBiomaterials ISBN978-3-030-92338-9 ISBN978-3-030-92339-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92339-6 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland ToGerhardA.Holzapfelontheoccasionof his60thbirthday PhotobyLunghammer—TUGraz Preface Biomechanicsisachallengingsubjectthatstudieslivingsystemsthroughthedevel- opment, extension, and application of mechanics to better understand biological and medical phenomena. Nonlinear continuum mechanics, multiscale modeling, advanced 3D imaging techniques along with unprecedented predictive computa- tional power enable us to solve cutting-edge biomechanical problems nowadays with rather complex patient-specific anatomies. Interdisciplinary approaches that addressphenomenaatthenano,micro-,ormacro-levelsareoftenrequiredtosolve such problems. Mechanics, natural sciences such as biophysics, biochemistry, and mathematics,aswellasbiomedical,tissue,healthcare,computer,andbiomolecular engineeringsciencesmustbecombinedwithmedicinetotacklereal-lifeproblems. Professor Gerhard A. Holzapfel has been an international leader in the field of biomechanicsforatleastthepasttwodecadesthroughscientificcontributions,editor- ships,conferenceorganization,mentoring,anddoctoraltraining.Heiswidelyknown forhisoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldofnonlinearsolid(bio)mechanicsand the constitutive and computational modeling of fiber-reinforced materials and soft biologicaltissues.ProfessorHolzapfelhasdealtintensivelywiththecardiovascular systeminhealthanddiseasesuchasaneurysmandaorticdissection,andwithther- apeuticinterventionssuchasballoonangioplastyandstenting,thedevelopmentof continuum theories, computational methods, and simulations and experiments in biomechanicsandmechanobiologyofsoftbiologicalmaterials.ThisbookonSolid (Bio)mechanics:ChallengesoftheNextDecadeisdedicatedtoProfessorGerhardA. Holzapfelontheoccasionofhis60thbirthdayandhiseminentcareerachievements. ProfessorGerhardA.Holzapfelreceivedhismaster’sdegreeincivilengineering in 1985 and obtained his PhD in mechanical engineering from Graz University of Technology(TUGraz)in1990.In1991,hetraveledtoShenyanginthenortheastof thePeople’sRepublicofChinatoworkasavisitingscholarataninstitutionthatis currentlypartofShenyangUniversity.HethenreceivedaSchrödingerScholarship fromtheAustrianScienceFundtoworkasapost-doctoralfellowattheDivisionof Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA,USA,withthelateProfessorJuanC.Simofrom1993to1995.Hecompleted hishabilitationinmechanicsatViennaUniversityofTechnology,Austria,in1996. vii viii Preface FromMay1987toNovember2004,hewasanassistantattheInstituteofStrengthof MaterialsandAssociateProfessorattheInstituteofStructuralAnalysis,TUGraz, Austria.HewasProfessorofBiomechanicsatKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology inStockholm,Swedenfor9years(7yearsasAdjunctProfessor)until2013.Since 2007,hehasbeenaFullProfessorofbiomechanicsandtheheadoftheinstituteat TUGraz.HeisalsotheInternationalChairofBiomechanics(adjunctprofessorship) attheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU)inTrondheimand VisitingProfessorattheSchoolofMathematicsandStatistics,UniversityofGlasgow, Scotland. Professor Holzapfel has authored a well-known graduate textbook entitled NonlinearSolidMechanics.AContinuumApproachforEngineering’(JohnWiley& Sons),andheco-editedsevenbooksandfivespecialissuesinjournals.Hecontributed chapters to 25 other books, published 230+ peer-reviewed journal articles, 65+ conference proceedings (full papers), and contributed 490+ oral or poster presen- tations to several conferences all over the world. He is the co-founder and co- editor-in-chiefoftheinternationalscientificjournalBiomechanicsandModelingin Mechanobiology(SpringerNature)sincethefirstissuepublishedinJune2002.He supervised2habilitationtheses,18post-doctoralfellows,and30doctoralstudents. He received many awards and honors, such as the Schrödinger Scholarship for post-doctoraltrainingatStanfordUniversity(1993–1994),theAustrianStart-Prize 1997fromtheAustrianScienceFund,thehighestAustrianawardforyoungscientists, theJosef-KrainerWürdigungspreis2003forexceptionalachievementsinthefieldof biomechanics, and the Erwin Schrödinger Prize 2011 from the Austrian Academy ofSciencesforlifetimeachievementsbyAustriansinthefieldsofmathematicsand natural sciences. He has been listed as a Highly Cited Researcher in Engineering selected by ISI Web of Science, Thomson Reuters and listed as The World’s Most InfluentialScientificMinds:2014.HeisaFoundingFellowofEAMBES(2012),the EuropeanAllianceforMedicalandBiologicalEngineering&Science,andhewas elected as a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2012), amemberoftheAcademiaEuropaea(2014),afellowoftheEuropeanMechanics Society (2015), a member of the World Council on Biomechanics (2018), and an ordinarymemberoftheEuropeanAcademyofSciencesandArts(2019).Itisnote- worthythat,in2021,hereceivedtheWilliamPragerMedaloftheSocietyofEngi- neeringScience(USA)andtheWarnerT.KoiterMedaloftheAmericanSocietyof MechanicalEngineers(USA). This book provides a comprehensive and timely overview of the latest devel- opments in the field of biomechanics and extensive knowledge of tissue structure, function,andmodeling.Itcontains19chapters,eachofwhichbeginswithapersonal dedicationtoProfessorHolzapfel.Wehopethatthebookisusefulnotonlyforthose workingasagraduatestudent,researcher,and(bio)engineerinthechallengingfield ofbiomechanics,butalsoforthoseinotherfieldssuchasbiomedicalengineering, biophysics, mechanical engineering, materials science, applied mathematics, and medicine. We have invited some of the most prominent scientists within Professor Holzapfel’sresearchfieldstocontributetothisbookwiththeirlatestresearchresults. Preface ix Thisbookincludessomestate-of-the-artadvancessuchasconstitutivemodelingand computational simulation of biological tissues under physiological and patholog- icalconditions,andmechanicalcharacterizationofarangeofbiologicaltissuesfor purposessuchascomputationalsimulationandsurgicalplanning.Itcoversinnova- tiveandcutting-edgestudiesofcardiovasculartissuessuchasarteries,heart,valvular tissue,butalsoonothertissuesandorganssuchasthrombus,braintumor,muscle, liver,kidney,andstomach,tonameafew.Italsohighlightssomeofthebiggestchal- lengesbiomechanicswillfaceoverthenextdecadeandhowwecanbetterprepare forthem. Without the considerable effort and support of all authors, this book would not exist. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who contributed tothisbook.Finally,wewouldliketothankDr.LeontinaDiCecco,SeniorEditor ofAppliedSciencesandEngineering,andherpublishingteamatSpringerfortheir supportandencouragementinpublishingthisbook. Graz,Austria GerhardSommer NewYork,USA KeweiLi Graz,Austria DanielCh.Haspinger Glasgow,Scotland RaymondW.Ogden July2021 Contents ArterialBiomechanicsinHealthandDisease MultiscaleExperimentalCharacterizationandComputational ModelingoftheHumanAorta ...................................... 3 MisaelDalbosco,DanielCh.Haspinger,KeweiLi,Sae-IlMurtada, AnnaPukaluk, MalteRolf-Pissarczyk, SeldaSherifova, andGerhardSommer Computational Modeling of Flow and Thrombus Formation in Type B Aortic Dissection: The Influence of False Lumen PerfusedSideBranches ............................................ 53 ChlöeH.Armour, ClaudiaMenichini, LydiaHanna, RichardG.J.Gibbs,andXiaoY.Xu Structural and Mechanical Inhomogeneity in Arterial ECM: ImplicationsforPhysiologyandDisease ............................. 73 YanhangZhang CohesiveZoneModelAnalysis,Development,andApplication inMixed-ModeArterialDissection .................................. 95 BrianFitzGibbon,BehroozFereidoonnezhad,andPatrickMcGarry Bio-Chemo-Mechanical Role of Intraluminal Thrombus DepositiononArterialTissueGrowthandRemodeling ................ 119 LanaVirag,NinoHorvat,andIgorKaršaj MechanicalCharacterizationandModelingofDiabeticAortas ........ 143 JianhuaTong BiomechanicsoftheMainArteryintheLowerLimb ................. 157 AlexeyKamenskiy, MajidJadidi, AnastasiaDesyatova, andJasonMacTaggart xi