Project Report on SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM (Approved by KSCST) VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Jnana Sangama, Belagavi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Submitted By R. Ameen Ahmed 1CE13ME057 Mohammed Zeeya Mudnal 1CE13ME044 S. Sanjay Kumar 1CE13ME065 Shivappa 1CE13ME074 Under the guidance of Mr. HARSHA VARDHAN U Assistant professor Department of Mechanical Engg . CEC, Bangalore DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE Vasanthapura, Kanakapura Main Road Bangalore - 560 062 2016-17 CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE Vasanthapura, Kanakapura Main Road Bangalore - 560 062 Department of Mechanical Engineering Certificate Certified that the project work entitled “SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM” is a bonafide work carried out by Mr. R. Ameen Ahmed (1CE13ME057), Mr. Mohammed Zeeya Mudnal (1CE13ME044), Mr. Sanjay Kumar (1CE13ME065), and Mr. Shivappa (1CE13ME074) in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2016-17. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree. Signature of Guide Signature of HOD (Mr. Harsha Vardhan U) (Uma T.R) Signature of Principal (Dr. Bharathesh T.P) External Viva Name of the Examiners Signature with Date 1. 2. DECLARATION We,Mr.R.Ameen.Ahmed(1CE13ME057),Mr.Mohammed.Zeeya.Mudnal (1CE13ME044), Mr.S.Sanjay.Kumar (1CE13ME065), Mr.Shivappa (1CE13ME074) hereby declare that the project work entitled “SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM” has been independently carried out by us under the guidance of Mr. HARSHA VARDHAN U, Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City Engineering College, Bangalore, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree in Bachelor Of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi. We further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part or in full to any other university for the award of any degree. NAMES USN NO SIGNATURE R.AMEEN.AHMED 1CE13ME057……………………………….. MOHAMMED.ZEEYA.MUDNAL 1CE13ME044………………………….......... S.SANJAY.KUMAR 1CE13ME065………………………………... SHIVAPPA 1CE13ME074……………………………….. Place: Bangalore Date: ABSTRACT Water aeration and filtration is a method to improve the water quality in a lake or pond by adding oxygen to the water and filtering it. As water aeration systems are often located in remote locations, Solar panels are ideal for powering these systems. This paper describes a water aeration and filtration system powered by Solar panels. The portable nature of this system permits the owner to conveniently relocate the system aerate and filter bodies of water as needed. The present invention is a solar powered aeration and filtration system that incorporates a battery. The device can be used for improvement of water bodies for use in aqua culture systems, reservoirs, fish tanks, lakes, and ponds alike. The device doesn’t require connection to the electrical power grid and may be used in any location. Further, the device can be used during periods of low oxygen content and filtration of polluted water bodies. Increased efficiency can be obtained by matching the pump size, solar panels, filters, batteries according to the area of the water boy to be covered. (i) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our happiness and gratitude for having completed the project titled “SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM” without any hindrances. Our sincere thanks to the management of CEC, who have strived to provide the best to the students in all aspects. We express our deep gratitude to Mr. HARSHAVARDHAN U, Assistant professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, City Engineering College, our internal guide for his inspiration and guidance to complete the project. We would also like to thank our Head of the Department, Mrs. UMA T R, City Engineering College, Bangalore, for the encouragement that she gives us to achieve higher and greater things in life. We fall short of words to thank and express gratitude to our beloved principal, Dr. BHARATHESH T P, City Engineering College, Bangalore. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all the respected faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering for their extreme support which helped me in completing the project successfully. It is my pleasure to acknowledge my family and friends who helped me in completing the project successfully. (ii) LIST OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………… i DECLARATION………………………………………………………….. ii ABSTARCT……………………………………………………………….. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………... iv CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………………….. 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….. 2 1.2 SHOULD WATER BE CHLORINATED…………………………… 3 1.3 REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICALS IN WATER………………………………………….. 3 CHAPTER 2………………………………………………………………. 4 2.1 BOILING…………………………………………………………….... 5 2.2 HOUSEHOLD SLOW SAND FILTER……………………………... 6 2.3 WATER CHLORINATION AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL…………. 8 2.4 STORAGE AND SEDEMENTAION……………………………….. 9 CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………….... 12 3.1 POTABLE WATER PURIFICATION…………………………….. 13 3.2 ADDITIONAL TREATMENT OPTIONS………………………… 13 CHAPTER 4……………………………………………………………... 17 4.1 SAND FILTER………………………………………………………. 19 4.2 WATER CHOLRINATION………………………………………… 20 4.3 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY…………………………………... 22 4.4 SAND BED FILTRATION CONCEPT…………………………… 22 CHAPTER 5……………………………………………………………... 24 5.1 SOURCES OF WATER…………………………………………...... 26 5.2 PRE-TREATMENT………………………………………………… 27 5.3 COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION………………………. 28 5.4 SEDIMENTATION…………………………………………………. 29 5.5 SLUDGE STORAGE AND REMOVAL…………………………... 29 5.6 FLOC BLANKET CLARIFIERS…………………………………...... 30 5.7 DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION……………………………………... 30 5.8 RAPID SAND FILTER………………………………………………... 30 5.9 SLOW SAND FILTERS……………………………………………...... 31 5.10 MEMBRANE FILTRATION………………………………………… 32 CHAPTER 6……………………………………………………………….... 34 6.1 ELECTRICAL DC MOTORS………………………………………… 35 6.2 FISH TANK…………………………………………………………….. 38 6.3 GEARED DC MOTOR……………………………………………….... 38 6.4 L293D DC MOTOR DRIVER IC……………………………………… 40 6.5 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY………………………………………... 42 6.6 LIGHT SENSORS……………………………………………………… 44 CHAPTER 7………………………………………………………………… 49 7.1 PIC MICROCONTROLLER………………………………………….. 50 7.2 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT…………………………………………. 51 7.3 RESISTORS…………………………………………………………… 53 7.4 SOLAR PANEL……………………………………………………….. 56 7.5.1 LEAD ACID BATTERY……………………………………………. 58 7.5.2 VRLA BATTERY…………………………………………………… 58 7.6WATER PUMP MOTOR……………………………………………… 59 ADVANTAGES……………………………………………………………… 62 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………….. 62 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………. 63 BIBLOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….. 64 LIST OF FIGURES FIG.NO CONTENTS PG.NO 1. BOILING TECHNOLOGY 5 2. HOUSEHOLD FLOWS AND FILTER 6 3. DOMESTIC CHLORINATION 9 4. TYPICAL SMALL DC MOTOR 35 5. DC SERVO MOTOR 37 6. GLASS 38 7.1 GEARD DC MOTOR EXTERNAL STRUCTURE 39 7.2 GEARD DC MOTOR INTERNAL STRUCTURE 39 8.1 L293D PIN CONFIGURATION 41 8.2 L293D BASED MOTOR DRIVER 42 9.1 LCD DISPLAY UNIT 42 9.2 INTERNAL WORKING LCD UNIT 43 10.1 TYPICAL LDR 44 10.2 THE LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR CELL 45 11. LIGHT LEVEL SENSING CIRCUIT 46 12. PHOTO-DIODE CIRCUIT 47 13. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 47 14. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELL 48 15. PIC MICROCONTROLLER 51 16. TRANSFORMER 52 17.1 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT 53 17.2 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT ALONG WITH 53 RGULATOR 18.1 CARBON RESISTOR 54 18.2 FILM RESISTOR 55 18.3 WIRE WOUND RESISTOR 56 19. OPERATION OF SOLAR PANEL 57 20. VRLA BATTERY 59 21. WATER PUMP MOTOR 59 22. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SOLAR POWERED LAKE 60 AND POND AERATION SYSTEM LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 LIST OF MATERIALS 61 SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION DEPT OF MECHANICAL, CEC 2016-2017 Page 1