United States In cooperation with Soil Survey of Department of Purdue University Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Jennings County, Station Indiana Natural Resources Conservation Service How To Use This Soil Survey This publication consists of a manuscript and a set of soil maps. The information provided can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. i National Cooperative Soil Survey    This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Jennings County Soil and Water Conservation District. Major fieldwork for this survey was completed in 2008. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 2009. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2009. The tables reflect the data in effect as of February 2010. The most current official data are available on the Internet (http://soils.usda.gov). Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. Nondiscrimination Statement The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call toll-free at (866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136 (Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover Photo Caption A farm pond in a pasture on a typical landscape in Jennings County, Indiana. Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov. ii Contents How To Use This Soil Survey ......................................................................................i Foreword .....................................................................................................................ix General Nature of the Survey Area ............................................................................2 History and Development ......................................................................................2 Physiography, Relief, and Drainage .......................................................................3 Bedrock Geology and Geomorphology ..................................................................4 Climate ...................................................................................................................6 How This Survey Was Made ......................................................................................6 Detailed Soil Map Units ................................................................................................9 AddA—Avonburg silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................10 AddB2—Avonburg silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded .....................................11 AzoA—Ayrshire fine sandy loam, sandy substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............11 BbhA—Bartle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..........................................................12 BgeAH—Birds silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ...13 BgeAHU—Birds silt loam, undrained, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ......................................................................................................14 BkeB—Bloomfield-Alvin complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes .........................................14 BlbB2—Blocher, soft black shale substratum-Jennings silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ...................................................................................................15 BlcC2—Blocher, soft black shale substratum-Jennings-Deputy silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded .................................................................................17 BlcC3—Blocher, soft black shale substratum-Jennings-Deputy silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded ...................................................................18 BlgC2—Blocher-Cincinnati silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded ....................20 BlgC3—Blocher-Cincinnati silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded ......21 BlkE2—Bonnell-Blocher-Hickory silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded .........22 BnjA—Bobtown loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes ..........................................24 BnuD3—Bonnell-Hickory-Blocher complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded................................................................................................................25 BnxE2—Bonnell-Grayford silt loams, karst, hilly, eroded .........................................26 BnxE3—Bonnell-Grayford silt loams, karst, hilly, severely eroded ..........................27 BobE4—Bonnell-Hickory clay loams, 15 to 30 percent slopes, very severely eroded................................................................................................................29 BodAQ—Bonnie silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................30 CcaG—Caneyville-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes ........................31 CcbC2—Caneyville-Zenas silt loams, karst, rolling, eroded ....................................32 CcgD2—Caneyville and Grayford silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded .......33 CcgD3—Caneyville and Grayford silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded................................................................................................................34 CldB2—Cincinnati-Blocher silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ......................35 ClfA—Cobbsfork silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes .....................................................36 CwaAQ—Cuba silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...............................37 CxdA—Cyclone silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes .............................................38 DfnA—Dubois silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .........................................................39 iii DfnB2—Dubois silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ..........................................40 DtwC2—Deputy silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes, eroded .......................................40 DtzC3—Deputy-Trappist silty clay loams, 6 to 15 percent slopes, severely eroded................................................................................................................41 EepAQ—Elkinsville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded .........................43 EesB2—Elkinsville-Millstone complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded .....................43 FdbA—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .....................................................44 FdqB—Fincastle-Xenia silt loams, 2 to 4 percent slopes .........................................45 GmsF—Greybrook silt loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes .............................................46 HccB2—Haubstadt silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ....................................47 HcgAH—Haymond silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ..............................................................................................................48 HcgAW—Haymond silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ......................................................................................................48 HcpAP—Haymond silt loam, depression, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently ponded, very brief duration ................................................................................50 HeeG—Hickory loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes ........................................................50 HizE2—Hickory-Grayford silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded ....................51 HizE3—Hickory-Grayford silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded ......52 HleAW—Holton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ..............................................................................................................53 MhyB2—Medora silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded .......................................55 MhyC3—Medora silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded .......................56 MmoC3—Miami clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded ......................57 MmoD3—Miami clay loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded ....................57 MnpC2—Miami silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded ........................................58 MnpD2—Miami silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ......................................59 NaaA—Nabb silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..........................................................59 NaaB2—Nabb silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ...........................................60 OfaAW—Oldenburg silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ......................................................................................................61 OmkC2—Otwell silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded .......................................62 OmkC3—Otwell silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded ........................63 Omz—Orthents, earthen dam ..................................................................................64 PcrA—Pekin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...........................................................64 PcrB2—Pekin silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ............................................65 PcrC2—Pekin silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded ..........................................65 PhaA—Peoga silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes .........................................................66 PlpAH—Piopolis silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ..............................................................................................................68 PlpAHU—Piopolis silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ........................................................................................68 Pml—Pits, quarry .....................................................................................................69 RptG—Rohan-Jessietown complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes, rocky .......................69 RywB2—Russell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ........................................70 RzfA—Ryker-Muscatatuck silt loams, terrace, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................71 RzfB2—Ryker-Muscatatuck silt loams, terrace, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded .......72 RzgA—Ryker-Muscatatuck silt loams, karst, nearly level ........................................73 RzgB2—Ryker-Muscatatuck silt loams, karst, undulating, eroded ..........................75 RzgC2—Ryker-Muscatatuck silt loams, karst, rolling, eroded .................................76 RzhC3—Ryker-Grayford-Muscatatuck complex, karst, rolling, severely eroded .....77 SceA—Scottsburg silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..................................................79 ScfB2—Scottsburg-Deputy silt loams, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded ......................80 SifE—Senachwine loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes ...................................................81 iv SifG—Senachwine loam, 25 to 70 percent slopes ...................................................81 SldAW—Shoals silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ......................................................................................................82 StaAH—Steff silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration .....83 StaAQ—Steff silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ..................................84 StdAH—Stendal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ..............................................................................................................84 StdAQ—Stendal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................85 SuoAH—Stonelick fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ......................................................................................................86 ThbD4—Trappist silty clay loam, 6 to 18 percent slopes, very severely eroded ......86 ThcD3—Trappist-Rohan complex, 12 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded .........87 ThdD2—Trappist-Rohan silt loams, 12 to 25 percent slopes, eroded......................88 Uby—Udorthents, loamy ..........................................................................................90 UdaB—Urban land-Deputy-Scottsburg complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ................90 UfcB—Urban land-Cincinnati-Nabb complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes ......................91 UfdA—Urban land-Cobbsfork-Avonburg complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................92 Usl—Udorthents, rubbish .........................................................................................94 W—Water .................................................................................................................94 WaaAH—Wakeland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ..............................................................................................................94 WaaAW—Wakeland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ......................................................................................................95 WnmA—Whitcomb silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................96 WokAH—Wilbur silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ..............................................................................................................96 WokAW—Wilbur silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ......................................................................................................97 WooAQ—Wilhite silt loam, overwash, 0 to 1 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...........98 WprAV—Wirt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, very brief duration ..............................................................................................................99 WprAW—Wirt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, very brief duration ..............................................................................................................99 WpuAH—Wirt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, brief duration ............................................................................................................100 WufB2—Williamstown silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded .............................101 XabB2—Xenia silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded .........................................102 ZnsB—Zenas silt loam, karst, undulating ...............................................................102 Use and Management of the Soils ..........................................................................105 Interpretive Ratings ................................................................................................105 Rating Class Terms ............................................................................................105 Numerical Ratings .............................................................................................105 Crops and Pasture .................................................................................................106 Limitations Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ................................................110 Crop Yield Estimates .........................................................................................114 Land Capability Classification ............................................................................115 Prime Farmland .................................................................................................116 Hydric Soils ............................................................................................................117 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .............................................................119 Forestland ..............................................................................................................120 Forestland Productivity and Management .........................................................121 Recreational Development .....................................................................................123 Wildlife Habitat .......................................................................................................125 Engineering ............................................................................................................126 v Building Site Development .................................................................................127 Sanitary Facilities ...............................................................................................129 Construction Materials .......................................................................................131 Soil Properties ..........................................................................................................133 Engineering Index Properties .................................................................................133 Physical Properties of the Soils ..............................................................................134 Erosion Properties of the Soils ...............................................................................136 Chemical Properties of the Soils ............................................................................136 Water Features .......................................................................................................137 Soil Features ..........................................................................................................138 Classification of the Soils ........................................................................................141 Soil Series and Their Morphology ..........................................................................142 Alvin Series ........................................................................................................142 Avonburg Series ................................................................................................143 Ayrshire Series ...................................................................................................145 Bartle Series ......................................................................................................147 Birds Series .......................................................................................................149 Blocher Series ...................................................................................................149 Bloomfield Series ...............................................................................................151 Bobtown Series ..................................................................................................153 Bonnell Series ....................................................................................................154 Bonnie Series ....................................................................................................156 Caneyville Series ...............................................................................................157 Cincinnati Series ................................................................................................159 Cobbsfork Series ...............................................................................................160 Cuba Series .......................................................................................................163 Cyclone Series ...................................................................................................164 Deputy Series ....................................................................................................166 Dubois Series ....................................................................................................169 Elkinsville Series ................................................................................................171 Fincastle Series .................................................................................................172 Grayford Series ..................................................................................................174 Greybrook Series ...............................................................................................177 Haubstadt Series ...............................................................................................179 Haymond Series ................................................................................................180 Hickory Series ....................................................................................................181 Holton Series .....................................................................................................183 Jennings Series .................................................................................................184 Jessietown Series ..............................................................................................187 Medora Series ...................................................................................................188 Miami Series ......................................................................................................190 Millstone Series .................................................................................................191 Muscatatuck Series ...........................................................................................192 Nabb Series .......................................................................................................196 Oldenburg Series ...............................................................................................198 Otwell Series ......................................................................................................199 Pekin Series .......................................................................................................202 Peoga Series .....................................................................................................203 Piopolis Series ...................................................................................................205 Rohan Series .....................................................................................................206 Russell Series ....................................................................................................207 Ryker Series ......................................................................................................208 Scottsburg Series ..............................................................................................210 Senachwine Series ............................................................................................212 vi Shoals Series .....................................................................................................213 Steff Series ........................................................................................................214 Stendal Series ...................................................................................................216 Stonelick Series .................................................................................................217 Trappist Series ...................................................................................................218 Wakeland Series ................................................................................................219 Whitcomb Series ................................................................................................220 Wilbur Series .....................................................................................................222 Wilhite Series .....................................................................................................223 Williamstown Series ...........................................................................................224 Wirt Series .........................................................................................................226 Xenia Series ......................................................................................................227 Zenas Series ......................................................................................................229 Formation of the Soils ..............................................................................................233 Factors of Soil Formation .......................................................................................233 Time ................................................................................................................233 Parent Material and Geology .............................................................................233 Topography ........................................................................................................238 Climate ...............................................................................................................239 Organisms .........................................................................................................239 Processes of Soil Formation ..................................................................................239 References ................................................................................................................241 Glossary ....................................................................................................................243 Tables .......................................................................................................................263 Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ..............................................................264 Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ...........................................................265 Table 3.—Growing Season ...................................................................................265 Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils .....................................266 Table 5.—Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland .....269 Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture ..................281 Table 7.—Prime Farmland ....................................................................................288 Table 8.—Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ............................................290 Table 9.—Forestland Productivity .........................................................................316 Table 10a.—Forestland Management ...................................................................355 Table 10b.—Forestland Management ...................................................................368 Table 10c.—Forestland Management ...................................................................381 Table 10d.—Forestland Management ...................................................................392 Table 11a.—Recreational Development ................................................................400 Table 11b.—Recreational Development ................................................................414 Table 12.—Wildlife Habitat ....................................................................................426 Table 13a.—Building Site Development ................................................................435 Table 13b.—Building Site Development ................................................................450 Table 14a.—Sanitary Facilities ..............................................................................469 Table 14b.—Sanitary Facilities ..............................................................................487 Table 15a.—Construction Materials ......................................................................502 Table 15b.—Construction Materials ......................................................................514 Table 16.—Engineering Index Properties ..............................................................532 Table 17.—Physical Properties of the Soils ..........................................................568 Table 18.—Erosion Properties of the Soils ............................................................588 Table 19.—Chemical Properties of the Soils .........................................................603 Table 20.—Water Features ...................................................................................618 Table 21.—Soil Features .......................................................................................649 Table 22.—Classification of the Soils ....................................................................658 Issued 2011 vii