Societal Dimensions of Environmental Science Societal Dimensions of Environmental Science Global Case Studies of Collaboration and Transformation Edited by Ricardo D. Lopez CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-05445-5 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2018049602 | ISBN 9781138054455 (hardback : acid-free paper) Subjects: LCSH: Environmental sciences—Social aspects. | Environmental sciences—Public opinion. | Environmental policy—International cooperation. | Environmental protection—International cooperation. | Globalization—Environmental aspects. Classification: LCC GE40 .S63 2018 | DDC 304.2—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018049602 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To listen well is as powerful a means of influence as to talk well and is as essential to all true conversation. Chinese proverb of unknown attribution Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................ix Editor........................................................................................................................xi Contributors .........................................................................................................xiii 1. The Journey to Integrating Societal Needs and the Environmental Sciences ................................................................................1 Ricardo D. Lopez, Lloyd L. Loope, Ardena Saarinen, and R. Flint Hughes 2. Environmental Decision-Making within a Recovering War Zone: The Republic of Iraq .........................................................................33 Mohammed A. Kalkhan 3. Water Quality as a Collaborative Force in the Ozark Plateau, Missouri and Arkansas: The Long-Term Dimensions of Action through Common Interest ..........................................................................57 Shawn Grindstaff, Brenda Groskinsky, Maliha S. Nash, and Ricardo D. Lopez 4. Integrating Traditional Knowledge and Geospatial Science to Address Food Security and Sustaining Biodiversity in Yap Islands, Micronesia ......................................................................................79 Marjorie V. Cushing Falanruw, Reed M. Perkins, and Francis Ruegorong 5. Halal Food Security: Forensic and Laboratory Management ............117 Irwandi Jaswir, Muhammad Elwathig S. Mirghani, Bubaker Hamad Almansori, and Fitri Octavianti 6. Achieving Meaningful Stakeholder Dialogs in the American Midwest: Stakeholder Perceptions and Interactions Using Enhanced Place-Based Appreciative Methods .....................................129 Brenda Groskinsky and Shawn Grindstaff 7. Community-Based Management of Mangrove Forests in Southeast Asia .............................................................................................151 Richard A. MacKenzie, Kristin Jayd, Hong Tinh Pham, and Sahadev Sharma 8. Common Themes and Lessons from Our Global Stories of Collaboration and Transformation .........................................................175 Ricardo D. Lopez vii viii Contents Appendix A .........................................................................................................191 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................197 Index .....................................................................................................................217 Preface A friend of mine is the general manager of an oceanfront hotel in one of the most picturesque coastal areas of the western Pacific—a lovely property with large floor-to-ceiling windows that cover the entire coastal-facing front lobby area and restaurants of the glistening beachfront hotel. As with most hotels, even in paradise, comes the perennial and constant rush of special needs, emergency situations, and pressures of a demanding clientele on holiday. Included in the daily activities of a general manager are mediating late-night arguments at the front desk, domestic disturbances in rooms, and loud/rude patrons, all intermixed with a fair share of complaints in multi- ple languages, by visitors from across the world. These situations also include juggling the many concerns of the local residents, the police, and other establishment owners in this complex and bustling area of a competitive and commercially driven part of town. My friend, the general manager, often describes to me the scene, which is usually around 2 am, of a lobby of shout- ing people, all solely intent on their personal needs and complaints. In such circumstances, one would never expect cooperation to emerge, much less complete coordination and collaborative solutions, and yet, there was a miraculous change in this attitude on a fateful day in early monsoon season, which led to the “community” saving the hotel, quite literally. The stimulus that brought about this miraculous cooperative event was a typhoon, one that eventually took the lives of over 100 people and injured countless more in the seaside region in which the hotel resides. The short version of the story is that the typhoon, with sustained winds in excess of 100 miles/h (160 km/h), brought about tremendous solidarity with the remaining guests, the local residents, and neighboring proprietors, many of whom exhibited such altruism that one would never have guessed they were the same (typically) squabbling group described earlier in this story. The many people involved acted valiantly and, for many hours while the winds were at maximum velocities, prevented the giant glass windows of the gleaming hotel from being blown in. In the end of the story, the lobby and restaurants were saved, there was minimal damage to the large windows, and the hotel reopened after relatively few repairs. True heroism on the part of the many who came to the rescue, locally, compelled to assist by nothing other than an instinct to band together to confront the situation. Why did this happen—what was this instinct that had arisen? It is this instinct, one that is uncovered at certain pivotal moments in the lives of humans, that can simply be called an imperative, and what I specifically refer to in the coming chapters as a “societal imperative,” which drives coop- eration among diverse groups, often with divergent interests, in the face of a commonly recognized crisis. In this instance, those in the hotel and those ix