EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing Fadi Al-Turjman Editor Smart Cities Performability, Cognition, & Security EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing Serieseditor ImrichChlamtac,EuropeanAllianceforInnovation,Gent,Belgium Editor’sNote The impact of information technologies is creating a new world yet not fully understood. The extent and speed of economic, life style and social changes already perceived in everyday life is hard to estimate without understanding the technological driving forces behind it. This series presents contributed volumes featuringthelatestresearchanddevelopmentinthevariousinformationengineering technologiesthatplayakeyroleinthisprocess. The range of topics, focusing primarily on communications and computing engineeringinclude,butarenotlimitedto,wirelessnetworks;mobilecommunica- tion; design and learning; gaming; interaction; e-health and pervasive healthcare; energy management; smart grids; internet of things; cognitive radio networks; computation; cloud computing; ubiquitous connectivity, and in mode general smart living, smart cities, Internet of Things and more. The series publishes a combination of expanded papers selected from hosted and sponsored European AllianceforInnovation(EAI)conferencesthatpresentcuttingedge,globalresearch as well as provide new perspectives on traditional related engineering fields. This content, complemented with open calls for contribution of book titles and individual chapters, together maintain Springer’s and EAI’s high standards of academicexcellence.The audiencefor the booksconsists of researchers,industry professionals, advanced level students as well as practitioners in related fields of activity include information and communication specialists, security experts, economists, urban planners, doctors, and in general representatives in all those walksoflifeaffectedadcontributingtotheinformationrevolution. AboutEAI EAI is a grassroots member organization initiated through cooperation between businesses, public, private and government organizations to address the global challenges of Europe’s future competitiveness and link the European Research communitywithitscounterpartsaroundtheglobe.EAIreachesouttohundredsof thousandsofindividualsubscribersonallcontinentsandcollaborateswithaninsti- tutionalmemberbaseincludingFortune500companies,governmentorganizations, andeducationalinstitutions,provideafreeresearchandinnovationplatform. ThroughitsopenfreemembershipmodelEAIpromotesanewresearchandinno- vationculturebasedoncollaboration,connectivityandrecognitionofexcellenceby community. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15427 Fadi Al-Turjman Editor Smart Cities Performability, Cognition, & Security 123 Editor FadiAl-Turjman DepartmentofComputerEngineering AntalyaBilimUniversity Antalya,Turkey ISSN2522-8595 ISSN2522-8609 (electronic) EAI/SpringerInnovationsinCommunicationandComputing ISBN978-3-030-14717-4 ISBN978-3-030-14718-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14718-1 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Tomywonderfulfamily. “Youcannotconnectthedotslooking forward;youcanonlyconnectthemlooking backwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedots willsomehowconnectinyourfuture.” —SteveJobs Preface We are living in an era where smart and cognitive solutions are becoming a globalplatformforthecomputationandinteractionbetweenhumansaswellasthe machineswhileperformingseveralcriticaltasks. Performability,cognition,andsecurityhavebeenconsideredasacomplementary packagetowardrealizingtheemergingsmartcitiesparadigm.Fromthisperspective, it is essential to understand the role of these three significant components which willprovideacomprehensivevisionfortheworldwidesmartcityprojectinthenear future. Nodoubtthatintroducingsuchanewparadigmcancomeupwithpotentialchal- lenges in significant levels, especially in terms of the overall system performance, cognition, and security. It is also essential to consider the emerging intelligent applicationsforbetterlifestyleandmoreoptimizedsolutionsinourdailylife. Theobjectiveofthisbookistooverviewexistingsmartcitiesapplicationswhile focusing on performability, cognition, and security issues. The main focus is on the smart design aspects that can help in realizing such paradigm in an efficient andsecuredway.Theartificialintelligent(AI)techniquesaswellasnewemerging technologiessuchastheInternetofThings(IoT)andtheSmart-Cloudaccompanied with critical evaluation metrics, constraints, and open research issues are included for discussion. This conceptual book, which is unique in the field, will assist researchersandprofessionalsworkingintheareatobetterassesstheproposedsmart citiesparadigmswhichhavealreadystartedtoappearinoursocieties. Hopeyouenjoyit. FadiAl-Turjman vii Contents 1 AnEffectiveDesignforPolarCodesoverMultipathFading Channels..................................................................... 1 JehadM.Hamamreh 2 LearningCity:KnowledgeGenerationforSmartCities ............... 17 DimitriosAmaxilatis,GeorgiosMylonas,EvangelosTheodoridis, LuisDiez,andKaterinaDeligiannidou 3 DeepReinforcementLearningParadigmforDenseWireless NetworksinSmartCities.................................................. 43 RashidAli,YousafBinZikria,Byung-SeoKim,andSungWonKim 4 EnergyDemandForecastingUsingDeepLearning..................... 71 BahrudinHrnjicaandAliDanandehMehr 5 Context-AwareLocationRecommendationsforSmartCities......... 105 AkankshaPalandAbhishekSinghRathore 6 FractionalDerivativesforEdgeDetection:ApplicationtoRoad Obstacles..................................................................... 115 Roy Abi Zeid Daou, Fabio El Samarani, Charles Yaacoub, andXavierMoreau 7 Machine LearningParameterEstimationinaSmart-City ParadigmfortheMedicalField........................................... 139 M.Bhuvaneswari,G.NaveenBalaji,andF.Al-Turjman 8 Open Source Tools for Machine Learning with Big Data inSmartCities.............................................................. 153 UmitDenizUlusar,DenizGulOzcan,andFadiAl-Turjman 9 IdentityVerificationUsingBiometricsinSmart-Cities ................ 169 D.R.Ambika,K.R.Radhika,andD.Seshachalam ix x Contents 10 Network Analysis of Dark Web Traffic Through theGeo-LocationofSouthAfricanIPAddressSpace.................. 201 CraigGokhale 11 LBCLCT:LocationBasedCrossLanguageCipherTechnique ....... 221 VishalGupta,RahulJohari,KalpanaGupta,RiyaBhatia, andSamridhiSeth Index............................................................................... 235 About the Editor Fadi Al-Turjman is a professor at Antalya Bilim University, Turkey. He received his Ph.D. in computing science from Queen’s University, Canada, in 2011. He is a leading authority in theareasofsmart/cognitive,wireless,andmobile networks’ architectures, protocols, deployments, and performance evaluation. His record spans over 200 publications in journals, conferences, patents, books,and book chapters, in addition to numerous keynotes and plenary talks at flagship venues. He has authored/edited more than 12 published books about cognition, security, and wireless sensor networks’ deployments in smart environmentswithTaylor&FrancisandSpringer (top-tierpublishersinthe area).He isa recipient of several recognitions and best paper awards at topinternationalconferences.Heledanumberof internationalsymposiaandworkshopsinflagship IEEEconferences.Heisservingastheleadguest editorinseveraljournals,includingtheIETWire- lessSensorSystemsandSensors,MDPISensors, andtheElsevierInternetofThings. xi