i Theresa Welch Fossum, DVM, MS, PhD Diplomate ACVS Tom and Joan Read Chair in Veterinary Surgery; Director and Founder, Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Biomedical Devices, Michael E. DeBakey Institute; Professor of Surgery Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine College Station, Texas Small Animal SURGERY Fourth Edition Laura Pardi Duprey Theodore G. Huff Medical Illustrators With more than 1,550 illustrations 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY ISBN 978-0-323-10079-3 Expert Consult ISBN 978-0-323-07762-0 Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: