2009 Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Chris Towers 3060420 and Troy Sumner 30591P5a1g e | i 29/10/2009 Executive Summary The aim of this student project was to decipher the field notes and observations of Thomas Mitchell (later Sir Thomas Mitchell) when he performed a survey in Newcastle in 1828. Another aim was to determine the accuracy of these observations and of Thomas Mitchell’s drawings on his field notes of the Newcastle area. Mitchell was appointed Surveyor-General of NSW in 1828 and continued this role until his death in 1855. He was a talented artist and throughout the investigations within this report it will be shown how accurate and ‘true to life’ his drawings were. The approach taken in this project was to firstly decipher his surveying observations of Newcastle. With this information, they were overlaid with the 1830 Armstrong plan, of Newcastle and, using locations that are easily recognisable and of higher accuracy, resections were performed to calculate the positions of Mitchell’s survey station setups, then in turn the positions of his observations. The determination of each station and point, in MGA coordinates, allowed the calculation of the error in his readings and thus ascertain the accuracy. Results confirmed that Mitchell’s observations were remarkable, given the instrument used, with the range of observations of the resected stations being ±0.5 to 15.1m (East) and ±0.9 to 3.8m (North). Positional accuracy of all points was ±6.8m (East) and ±2.1m (North) and the greatest error of Mitchell’s elevation observations reached 2 minutes which is very impressive considering the accuracy of Mitchell’s theodolite to be in the order of 5 minutes. With the observations deciphered, the accuracy of the drawings could be determined by projecting the points observed on the detailed sketches in his field- notes to the base of the image and then overlaying his angular observations to determine the angular difference of his observations and the angles projected by the drawing. It was found that Mitchell’s drawings were quite accurate, with achieving angular accuracies of up to 0°36’ which is quite astounding as this difference is near imperceptible for hand-drawn sketches. Note that 0°36’ approximates to a horizontal side error of 1:100, i.e. One metre in 100 metres. Page | i Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Table of Contents Executive Summary ___________________________________________________________________ i Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________________ ii List of Figures and Tables ______________________________________________________________ v 1 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 1 2 Instrument Used By Sir Thomas Mitchell ______________________________________________ 5 3 Mitchell’s Observations And Sketches _________________________________________________ 6 3.1 Sketch of Prospect Hill ________________________________________________________________ 6 3.2 Sketch of Signal Hill __________________________________________________________________ 11 3.3 Sketch of Nobby’s ___________________________________________________________________ 15 3.4 First Page of Observations ____________________________________________________________ 17 3.5 Second Page of Observations __________________________________________________________ 18 4 Mitchell’s Stations _______________________________________________________________ 20 4.1 Station 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 20 4.2 Station 2 __________________________________________________________________________ 27 4.3 Station 3 __________________________________________________________________________ 34 4.4 Station 4 __________________________________________________________________________ 38 4.5 Station 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 39 4.6 Station 6 __________________________________________________________________________ 42 4.7 Station 7 __________________________________________________________________________ 45 4.8 Station 8 __________________________________________________________________________ 47 4.9 Station 9 __________________________________________________________________________ 50 4.10 Station 10 _________________________________________________________________________ 53 4.11 Station 11 _________________________________________________________________________ 57 4.12 Station 12 _________________________________________________________________________ 60 4.13 Station 13 _________________________________________________________________________ 61 4.14 Station 14 _________________________________________________________________________ 64 4.15 Station 15 _________________________________________________________________________ 67 5 Determination of Point Locations ___________________________________________________ 69 Page | ii Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle 5.1 First Attempt with Transparency Overlays _______________________________________________ 69 5.2 Second Attempt using AutoCAD ________________________________________________________ 72 5.3 Orientation of 1830 Armstrong Plan ____________________________________________________ 75 5.4 Resection __________________________________________________________________________ 77 6 Mitchell’s Resected Stations _______________________________________________________ 79 6.1 Accuracy of Mitchell’s Resected Stations _________________________________________________ 81 7 Mitchell’s Observed Points _________________________________________________________ 82 7.1 Accuracy of Mitchell’s Observed Points __________________________________________________ 87 7.2 Accuracy of Mitchell’s Observed Points In Relation To The Armstrong Plan _____________________ 88 8 Sir Thomas Mitchell’s Elevation Observations _________________________________________ 89 9 Accuracy of Sir Thomas Mitchell’s Drawings___________________________________________ 93 9.1 Method for Determination of Accuracy of Field Notes ______________________________________ 93 9.2 Determination of Accuracy of Mitchell’s Field Note Sketches ________________________________ 96 9.3 Determination of Accuracy of Artists Perspective of Newcastle ______________________________ 99 10 Results ______________________________________________________________________ 102 10.1 Accuracy of Mitchell’s Field Note Sketches ______________________________________________ 102 10.1.1 Station at Bonfire on Signal Hill ____________________________________________________________102 10.1.2 Station at the Windmill __________________________________________________________________104 10.1.3 Discussion of Accuracy of Mitchell’s Field Note Sketches ________________________________________106 10.2 Accuracy of Joseph Cross’ Painting_____________________________________________________ 107 10.3 Accuracy of Mitchell’s Sketches compared to Joseph Cross’ Painting _________________________ 109 11 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________ 111 12 Acknowledgements ___________________________________________________________ 112 13 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 113 APPENDIX A _________________________________________________________________________ I Calculation of Station and Observation Locations ________________________________________________ I a. Station at g __________________________________________________________________________________ I b. Station at Bonfire ____________________________________________________________________________ III c. Station 3 at 10 ______________________________________________________________________________ V d. Station at 1 of g _____________________________________________________________________________ VI e. Station at X ________________________________________________________________________________ VII f. Station at a ________________________________________________________________________________ VIII g. Station at Corner Wall and h ___________________________________________________________________ IX Page | iii Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle h. Station at Dial in Centre of two principal crop street ________________________________________________ X i. First Fix __________________________________________________________________________________ X ii. Second Fix ______________________________________________________________________________ XII iii. Third Fix ________________________________________________________________________________ XIII i. Station at i ________________________________________________________________________________ XIV j. Station at (Unknown) of g mill _________________________________________________________________ XV k. Station at f ________________________________________________________________________________ XVI i. First Fix _________________________________________________________________________________ XVI ii. Second Fix _____________________________________________________________________________ XVII l. Station at low beach _______________________________________________________________________ XVIII APPENDIX B _______________________________________________________________________ XIX MGA Coordinates of Observed Points from Resected Stations ____________________________________ XIX APPENDIX C ______________________________________________________________________ XXV Calculations for Accuracy of Mitchell’s Field-Note Sketches and Cross’ Painting _____________________ XXV a. Photo of Lake Macquarie (Check Procedure)_____________________________________________________ XXV b. Station at Bonfire _________________________________________________________________________ XXVII i. Fix g, l and m __________________________________________________________________________ XXVII ii. Fix i, p, and r____________________________________________________________________________ XXIX iii. Fix a, n, and s ___________________________________________________________________________ XXXI c. Station at g ______________________________________________________________________________ XXXIII i. Fix p, n, and h __________________________________________________________________________ XXXIII ii. Fix 5, k, and i __________________________________________________________________________ XXXV iii. Fix 7, w, and 10 _______________________________________________________________________ XXXVII d. Joseph Cross’ 1828 Painting _________________________________________________________________ XXXIX i. Fix m, 2, and b _________________________________________________________________________ XXXIX ii. Fix 5, 3, and s ____________________________________________________________________________ XLI APPENDIX D ______________________________________________________________________ XLIII Photo’s of Mitchell’s Observed Points as Viewed Today ________________________________________ XLIII APPENDIX E _______________________________________________________________________ LXV Point ‘u’ – Government Cottage ____________________________________________________________ LXV APPENDIX F ______________________________________________________________________ LXVII STREET NAMES OF NEWCASTLE FROM 1822 TO 1939. __________________________________________ LXVII APPENDIX G _______________________________________________________________________ LXX Plans LXX APPENDIX H _____________________________________________________________________ LXXXI Project Contributions ___________________________________________________________________ LXXXI Page | iv Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle List of Figures and Tables Figure 1 - Salamanca 1812. Capture of the Forts 27th June 1812 _________________________________________________1 Figure 2 - The Map of the Nineteen Counties ________________________________________________________________2 Figure 3 - Western Extremity of Mount Arapiles ______________________________________________________________3 Figure 4 - The Pyramids, Reproduced from Mitchell's Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia ________3 Figure 5 - Mitchell’s Theodolite (NSW Department of Lands) ____________________________________________________5 Figure 6 -Prospect Hill LHS _______________________________________________________________________________6 Figure 7- Additional features to Prospect Hill LHS _____________________________________________________________8 Figure 8 - Prospect Hill RHS ______________________________________________________________________________9 Figure 9 - Signal Hill LHS _______________________________________________________________________________11 Figure 10 - Signal Hill RHS ______________________________________________________________________________13 Figure 11 - Nobby ____________________________________________________________________________________15 Figure 12 - First Page of Angular Observations ______________________________________________________________17 Figure 13 - Second Page of Angular observations ____________________________________________________________18 Figure 14 - Sketch of Newcastle Harbour from ‘Prospect Hill’ ___________________________________________________19 Figure 15 - Mitchell’s writing style________________________________________________________________________20 Figure 16 - Flagstaff Hill in 2009 _________________________________________________________________________20 Figure 17 - Angular Observations left of ‘m’ ________________________________________________________________21 Figure 18 - Observations anti-clockwise of ‘m’ from Signal Hill _________________________________________________21 Figure 19 - Angular Observations right of ‘m’ _______________________________________________________________22 Figure 20 - Observations clockwise of ‘m’ from Signal Hill _____________________________________________________23 Figure 21 - Angular Observations from Point ‘t’ _____________________________________________________________23 Figure 22 - Observations clockwise of Point t’ from Signal Hill __________________________________________________24 Figure 23 - Station 1 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________25 Figure 24 - Current location of Station 1 ___________________________________________________________________26 Figure 25 - ‘The Obelisk’ in 1908 _________________________________________________________________________27 Figure 26 - Mitchell’s second station ______________________________________________________________________27 Figure 27 - Prospect Hill in 2009 _________________________________________________________________________28 Figure 28 - Angular Observations anti-clockwise of Station 1 ___________________________________________________29 Figure 29 - Observations left of ‘1st Station’ from Prospect Hill _________________________________________________30 Figure 30 - Angular Observations clockwise of Station 1_______________________________________________________30 Figure 31 - Observations right of ‘1st Station’ from Prospect Hill ________________________________________________31 Figure 32 - Station 2 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________32 Figure 33 - Current location of Station 2 ___________________________________________________________________33 Figure 34 - Mitchell’s third station________________________________________________________________________34 Figure 35 - Angular observations with 2nd Station ___________________________________________________________34 Figure 36 - Angular observations with 1st Station____________________________________________________________35 Figure 37 - Angular observations from Station 3 _____________________________________________________________35 Figure 38 - Station 3 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________36 Figure 39 - Current location of Station 3 ___________________________________________________________________37 Figure 40 - View of Breakwater __________________________________________________________________________38 Figure 41 - Angular observations from Station 4 _____________________________________________________________38 Figure 42 - Station 5 on Signal Hill ________________________________________________________________________39 Figure 43 - Angular observations from Station 5 _____________________________________________________________39 Figure 44 - Station 5 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________40 Page | v Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Figure 45 - Current location of Station 5 ___________________________________________________________________41 Figure 46 - Station 6 between Signal Hill and Nobby__________________________________________________________42 Figure 47 - Angular observations from Station 6 _____________________________________________________________42 Figure 48 - Station 6 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________43 Figure 49 - Current location of Station 6 ___________________________________________________________________44 Figure 50 - Flagstaff’s on Signal Hill ______________________________________________________________________45 Figure 51 - Angular observations from Station 7 _____________________________________________________________45 Figure 52 - Point ‘a’ near Signal Hill_______________________________________________________________________47 Figure 53 - Angular observations from Station 8 _____________________________________________________________47 Figure 54 - Station 8 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________48 Figure 55 - Current location of Station 8 ___________________________________________________________________49 Figure 56 - Corner wall near Point ‘h’ _____________________________________________________________________50 Figure 57 - Angular observations from Station 9 _____________________________________________________________50 Figure 58 - Station 9 on Armstrong Map ___________________________________________________________________51 Figure 59 - Current location of Station 9 ___________________________________________________________________52 Figure 60 - Location of Station 10 ________________________________________________________________________53 Figure 61 - Angular observations from Station 10 ____________________________________________________________53 Figure 62 - Angular observations from Station 10 continued ___________________________________________________54 Figure 63 - Station 10 on Armstrong Map __________________________________________________________________55 Figure 64 - Station 10 on Armstrong Map __________________________________________________________________56 Figure 65 - Location of Point ‘i’ __________________________________________________________________________57 Figure 66 - Angular observations from Station 11 ____________________________________________________________57 Figure 67 - Station 11 on Armstrong Map __________________________________________________________________58 Figure 68 - Current location of Station 11 __________________________________________________________________59 Figure 69 - Distance between Flagstaff’s and Point 10 ________________________________________________________60 Figure 70 - Angular observations from Station 12 ____________________________________________________________60 Figure 71 - Current location of Station 13 __________________________________________________________________61 Figure 72 - Angular observations from Station 13 ____________________________________________________________62 Figure 73 - Point ‘f’ and Signal Hill ________________________________________________________________________64 Figure 74 - Angular observations from Station 14 ____________________________________________________________64 Figure 75 - Newcastle Harbour __________________________________________________________________________65 Figure 76 - Angular observations from Station 14 Continued ___________________________________________________65 Figure 77 - Current location of Station 14 __________________________________________________________________66 Figure 78 - Current location of Station 15 __________________________________________________________________67 Figure 79 - Angular observations from Station 15 ____________________________________________________________67 Figure 80 - Radiations observed from Station at g Overlaid onto a Transparency ___________________________________69 Figure 81 - Manual resection performed with transparencies using points o, b and m as the fixed points ________________70 Figure 82 - Transparency Overlay of radiations observed from Station at g and the Station at Bonfire___________________71 Figure 83 - Raster Image of Armstrong's 1830 Plan __________________________________________________________72 Figure 84 - AutoCAD Project with Mitchell's Observed Radiations from Station at g _________________________________72 Figure 85 - Rotate Command ____________________________________________________________________________73 Figure 86 - Move Command ____________________________________________________________________________74 Figure 87 - Location of Orientation Points __________________________________________________________________75 Figure 88 - Transformation of 1830 Armstrong Plan __________________________________________________________76 Figure 89 - Armstrong's Plan with coordinates of fixed locations for resection calculation ____________________________77 Figure 90 - Directions calculated from resection _____________________________________________________________78 Page | vi Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Figure 91 - Intersection of points from radiations ____________________________________________________________78 Figure 92 - Vertical angle measured to Flagstaffs ____________________________________________________________89 Figure 93 - Image observed from the instrument location _____________________________________________________93 Figure 94 - Location of Station used to find if method of calculating the accuracy of field notes would work ______________93 Figure 95 - Field Notes of observations taken from Lake Macquarie Park _________________________________________94 Figure 96 - Lines projected to base of image ________________________________________________________________95 Figure 97 - Observed angular differences __________________________________________________________________95 Figure 98 - Rotation of Sketch ___________________________________________________________________________96 Figure 99 - Coordinates of fixed points ____________________________________________________________________96 Figure 100 - Projected lines from Observation Point __________________________________________________________97 Figure 101 - Fixed Points evenly spread over image __________________________________________________________97 Figure 102 - Fixed Points over middle of image ______________________________________________________________98 Figure 103 - Fixed Points at extremities and center of image ___________________________________________________98 Figure 104 - Joseph Cross' "A View from King's Town" ________________________________________________________99 Figure 105 - Site locations of points 1-10 _________________________________________________________________100 Figure 106 - Common Points between Mitchell's Sketch and Cross' Paintings Used for fix ____________________________101 Figure 107 - Fix i, p, and r at Bonfire _____________________________________________________________________102 Figure 108 - Fix g, l, and m at Bonfire ____________________________________________________________________102 Figure 109 - Fix a, n, and s at Bonfire ____________________________________________________________________102 Figure 110 - Fix p, n, and h at the Windmill ________________________________________________________________104 Figure 111 - Fix 5, k, and i at the Windmill ________________________________________________________________104 Figure 112 - Fix 7, w, and 10 at the Windmill ______________________________________________________________104 Figure 113 - Fix m, 2, and b for Cross' Painting _____________________________________________________________107 Figure 114 - Fix 5, 3, and s for Cross' Painting ______________________________________________________________107 Figure 115 - Joseph Cross' 1828 Painting of Newcastle _______________________________________________________109 Figure 116 - Mitchell's Field-note Sketch Observed from the Obelisk over Newcastle _______________________________109 Figure 117 - Approximate location of Point 'a'. Located on Fort Drive, looking at Fort Scratchley ______________________ LIII Figure 118 - Approximate location of Point 'b'. The old gaol, located at the new apartments overlooking Newcastle Baths _ LIII Figure 119 - Approximate location of Point 'd'. Located above the Bogey Hole ____________________________________ LIV Figure 120 - Approximate location of Point 'e'. Located at the top of King Edward Park _____________________________ LIV Figure 121 - Approximate location of Point 'g'. The position of the old mill, which is now known as the Obelisk. ___________ LV Figure 122 - Approximate location of Point 'i'. Positioned on Fletcher Park overlooking Newcastle Beach ________________ LV Figure 123 - Approximate location of Point 'm'. The Christ Church Cathedral observed from Church Street ______________ LVI Figure 124 - Approximate location of Point 'n' . Observed from Scott Street Looking North __________________________ LVI Figure 125 - Approximate location of Point 'o'. Located on the edge of the round-a-bout on the corner of Watt St and Wharf Rd looking South. ____________________________________________________________________________________ LVII Figure 126 - Approximate location of Point 'p'. Located on the Eastern Side of Custom’s House. ______________________ LVII Figure 127 - Approximate location of Point 's'. Located at the top of the stairs at Fort Scratchley looking North West ____ LVIII Figure 128 - Approximate location of Point 'u'. Located in the car park behind the Ibis hotel on Hunter Street. __________ LVIII Figure 129 - Alternate Approximate location of Point 'u'. Located on the vacant lot to the East of the Hotel Ibis. _________ LIX Figure 130 - Approximate location of Point '1'. Located at the Southern end of Nobby's Beach _______________________ LIX Figure 131 - Approximate location of Point '2'. Located off the edge of Nobby's Road (Break Water) looking East. _________ LX Figure 132 - Approximate location of Point '4'. Located on the western side of Watt Street at the corner of Wharf Rd and Watt St _________________________________________________________________________________________________ LX Figure 133 - Approximate location of Point '10'. Located at the top of Watt Street looking North East. _________________ LXI Figure 134 - Approximate location of Point '11'. Located at the old Newcastle Bowling Club _________________________ LXI Page | vii Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Figure 135 - Approximate location of Point 'Diamond'. Located on Memorial Drive overlooking Bar Beach ______________ LXII Figure 136 - Approximate location of the Station at Bonfire. Located on top of Fort Scratchley looking South West _______ LXII Figure 137 - Approximate location of Station at 'g'. Located at the Obelisk ______________________________________ LXIII Figure 138 - Approximate location of Station at 'f'. Located at Strzelecki Lookout. ________________________________ LXIII Figure 139 - Approximate location of Station at low beach. Located near the Trig Station on Strzelecki Lookout _________ LXIV Figure 140 - Graphical accuracy of Point 'u' ______________________________________________________________ LXVI Figure 141 - Approximate location of Point 'u' at ground level ________________________________________________ LXVI Table 1 - Features on Prospect Hill LHS _____________________________________________________________________7 Table 2 - Additional features to Prospect Hill LHS _____________________________________________________________8 Table 3 - Features on Prospect Hill RHS ____________________________________________________________________10 Table 4 - Features on Signal Hill LHS ______________________________________________________________________12 Table 5 - Features on Signal Hill RHS ______________________________________________________________________14 Table 6 - Features on Nobby ____________________________________________________________________________16 Table 7 - Station 1 Coordinates __________________________________________________________________________24 Table 8 - Station 2 Coordinates __________________________________________________________________________31 Table 9 - Station 3 Coordinates __________________________________________________________________________36 Table 10 - Station 5 Coordinates _________________________________________________________________________40 Table 11 - Station 6 Coordinates _________________________________________________________________________43 Table 12 - Station 8 Coordinates _________________________________________________________________________48 Table 13 - Station 9 Coordinates _________________________________________________________________________51 Table 14 - Station 10 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________54 Table 15 - Station 11 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________58 Table 16 - Station 13 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________63 Table 17- Station 14 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________66 Table 18 - Station 15 Coordinates ________________________________________________________________________68 Table 19 - Maximum error of the resected stations __________________________________________________________80 Table 20 - Location of station on Armstrong Plan and its current location _________________________________________80 Table 21 - Accuracy of all stations ________________________________________________________________________81 Table 22 - Maximum error of alphabetical Points ____________________________________________________________83 Table 23 - Location of station on Armstrong Plan and its current location _________________________________________84 Table 24 - Maximum error of numerical points ______________________________________________________________85 Table 25 - Location of station on Armstrong Plan and its current location _________________________________________85 Table 26 - Location of station on Armstrong Plan and its current position _________________________________________86 Table 27 - Maximum error of descriptive points _____________________________________________________________86 Table 28 - Accuracy of Mitchell Points _____________________________________________________________________87 Table 29 - Accuracy of Mitchell Points in relation to the Armstrong Plan __________________________________________88 Table 30 - Elevation of Mitchell’s stations __________________________________________________________________90 Table 31 - Distance of Mitchell’s stations to the Flagstaffs _____________________________________________________91 Table 32 - Accuracy of Mitchell's Elevation Angles ___________________________________________________________92 Table 33 - Accuracy of Fix i, p, and r with Outliers a, s, and t __________________________________________________103 Table 34 - Accuracy of Fix g, l, and m with Outlier a _________________________________________________________103 Table 35 - Accuracy of Fix a, n, and s with No Outliers _______________________________________________________103 Table 36 - Accuracy of Fix p, n, and h with Outlier l__________________________________________________________105 Table 37 - Accuracy of Fix 5, k, and i with Outliers l, 10, and 11 ________________________________________________105 Page | viii Sir Thomas Mitchells Angular Observations and Field-Note Sketches of Newcastle Table 38 - Accuracy of Fix 7, w, and 10 with Outliers l and 11 _________________________________________________105 Table 39 - Accuracy of Fix m, 2, and b of Cross' Painting______________________________________________________108 Table 40 - Accuracy of Fix 5, 3, and s of Cross' Painting ______________________________________________________108 Table 41 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at g _______________________________________________ I Table 42 - Mitchells observed angles between points used for fix ________________________________________________ I Table 43 - Calculated coordinates of Station at g _____________________________________________________________ I Table 44 - List of directions from Station at g ________________________________________________________________II Table 45 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at Bonfire __________________________________________ III Table 46 - Mitchells observed angles between points used for fix _______________________________________________ III Table 47 - Calculated coordinates of Station at Bonfire _______________________________________________________ III Table 48 - List of directions from Station at Bonfire __________________________________________________________ IV Table 49 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station 3 at 10 ____________________________________________ V Table 50 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix _______________________________________________ V Table 51 - Calculated coordinates of Station 3 at 10 __________________________________________________________ V Table 52 - List of Directions from Station 3 at 10 ____________________________________________________________ V Table 53 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at 1 of g ___________________________________________ VI Table 54 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix _______________________________________________ VI Table 55 - Calculated coordinates of Station at 1 of g _________________________________________________________ VI Table 56 - List of Directions from Station 1 at g _____________________________________________________________ VI Table 57 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at X _____________________________________________ VII Table 58 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix ______________________________________________ VII Table 59 - Calculated coordinates of Station at X ___________________________________________________________ VII Table 60 - List of directions from Station at X ______________________________________________________________ VII Table 61 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at a _____________________________________________ VIII Table 62 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix ______________________________________________ VIII Table 63 - Calculated coordinates of Station at a ___________________________________________________________ VIII Table 64 - List of Directions from Station at a ______________________________________________________________ VIII Table 65 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at Corner Wall and h _________________________________ IX Table 66 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix _______________________________________________ IX Table 67 - Calculated coordinates of Station at Corner Wall and h _______________________________________________ IX Table 68 - List of directions from Station at Corner Wall and h __________________________________________________ IX Table 69 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at Dial (1st Fix) ______________________________________ X Table 70 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix _______________________________________________ X Table 71 - Calculated coordinates of Station at Dial (1st Fix) ___________________________________________________ X Table 72 - List of directions from Station at Dial (1st Fix) ______________________________________________________ XI Table 73 - Coordinates of points used to fix Station at Dial (2nd Fix) _____________________________________________ XII Table 74 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix ______________________________________________ XII Table 75 - Calculated coordinates of Station at Dial (2nd Fix) __________________________________________________ XII Table 76 - List of directions from Station at Dial (2nd Fix) _____________________________________________________ XII Table 77 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at Dial (3rd Fix) _____________________________________ XIII Table 78 - Mitchell's observed angles between points for fix __________________________________________________ XIII Table 79 - Calculated coordinates of Station at Dial (3rd Fix)___________________________________________________ XIII Table 80 - List of directions from Station at Dial (3rd Fix)______________________________________________________ XIII Table 81 - Coordinates of points used to fix Mitchell's Station at i ______________________________________________ XIV Table 82 - Mitchell's observed angles between points used for fix ______________________________________________ XIV Table 83 - Calculated coordinates of Station at i ____________________________________________________________ XIV Page | ix