Carbohydrate Chemistry Part 1: Simple Carbohydrates Dr. Kevin Ahern Outline Simple Carbohydrates • Nomenclature • Structures • Cyclizations • Modifications Saccharides Saccharides Monosaccharides Saccharides Monosaccharides • C (H O) x 2 x • Glucose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Fructose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Ribose (C H O ) 5 10 5 • Galactose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Glyceraldehyde (C H O ) 3 6 3 Saccharides Monosaccharides • C (H O) x 2 x • Glucose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Fructose (C H O ) 6 12 6 X = • Ribose (C H O ) 5 10 5 • Galactose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Glyceraldehyde (C H O ) 3 6 3 Saccharides Monosaccharides • C (H O) x 2 x • Glucose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Tri- = 3 • Tetr- = 4 • Fructose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Pent- = 5 X = • Ribose (C H O ) • Hex- =6 5 10 5 • Hept- = 7 • Galactose (C H O ) • Oct- = 8 6 12 6 • Glyceraldehyde (C H O ) 3 6 3 Saccharides Monosaccharides • C (H O) x 2 x • Glucose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Tri- = 3 • Tetr- = 4 • Fructose (C H O ) 6 12 6 • Pent- = 5 X = • Ribose (C H O ) • Hex- =6 5 10 5 • Hept- = 7 • Galactose (C H O ) • Oct- = 8 6 12 6 • Glyceraldehyde (C H O ) 3 6 3 Aldehydes = Aldoses Ketones = Ketoses Different Sizes The -oses D-Glyceraldehyde D-Threose D-Ribose D-Glucose Different Sizes The -oses 3 Carbons D-Glyceraldehyde D-Threose Triose D-Ribose D-Glucose