Sikh Religion and Science By G.S.Sidhu M.A; FIL (London) Published by: CONTENTS OPINIONS................................................................................6 FOREWORD............................................................................8 ABOUT THIS BOOK...............................................................9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................12 CHAPTER 1............................................................................14 SCIENCE, MYSTICISM AND RELIGION........................................14 1.1 RELIGION.......................................................................16 1.2 MYSTICISM....................................................................18 1.3 SCIENCE.........................................................................20 1.4 SCIENCE AND RELIGION..................................................22 CHAPTER 2............................................................................26 SCIENCE AND SUPER-POWER....................................................26 2.1 GOD...............................................................................28 2.2 WHY CAN’T WE SEE GOD?..............................................30 2.3 WHO CREATED GOD?.....................................................34 CHAPTER 3............................................................................37 OUR UNIVERSE.........................................................................37 3.1 COSMOLOGY..................................................................37 3.2 THE SIKH VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE...................................41 CHAPTER4.............................................................................44 2 CREATION................................................................................44 4.1 TIDAL THEORY...............................................................46 4.2 PROTOPLANET THEORY...................................................46 4.3 HIGGS BOSON THEORY....................................................46 4.4 LOU WILLIAM THEORY...................................................47 4.5 SUPER-STRING THEORY.................................................47 4.6 SPECULATIVE THEORIES.................................................48 4.7 BIG BANG THEORY.........................................................49 4.8 THE SIKH VIEW..............................................................49 4.9 BIRTH DAY OF THE UNIVERSE..........................................55 CHAPTER 5............................................................................58 LIFE..........................................................................................58 5.1 LIFE DESCENDED FROM SPACE........................................59 5.2 MATTER TRANSFORMED ITSELF INTO LIFE.......................59 5.3 SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY.............................60 5.4 HIGGS BOSON THEORY...................................................61 5.5 SUGAR THEORY..............................................................61 5.6 AMINO-ACID THEORY.....................................................61 5.7 CHOANOFLAGELLATE THEORY........................................62 5.8 THEORIES OF EVOLUTION...............................................62 5.9 EVALUATION OF THE THEORIES OF CREATION..................65 5.10 THE SIKH VIEW OF LIFE..................................................71 5.11 MODES OF REPRODUCTION.............................................76 5.12 MYSTERIES OF LIFE........................................................77 5.13 LIFE IN STONES...............................................................79 5.14 VARIETIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS...................................79 5.15 IS THERE LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS?.................................81 5.16 THE SIKH VIEW..............................................................84 5.17 COMPONENTS OF LIFE.....................................................86 5.18 LIFE IN PLANTS...............................................................87 5.19 POLLINATION.................................................................88 5.20 LIFE WITHIN LIFE...........................................................88 5.21 PRIORITIES OF LIFE ON EARTH.........................................90 5.22 DEATH OF LIFE...............................................................90 3 CHAPTER 6............................................................................94 MOTION...................................................................................94 6.1 MOTION INSIDE MATTER.................................................94 6.2 MOTION OUTSIDE MATTER..............................................95 6.3 MACROCOSM IN MICROCOSM..........................................99 6.4 GRAVITATION..............................................................101 6.5 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION....................................102 6.6 DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE.............................................105 6.7 SIKH VIEW OF THE DEATH OF OUR UNIVERSE.................107 CHAPTER 7..........................................................................110 LAWS OF NATURE...................................................................110 7.1 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS & ENERGY................112 7.2 LAW OF DISPLACEMENT................................................115 7.3 LATENT HEAT...............................................................116 7.4 COMPOSITION OF WATER..............................................116 7.5 LAW OF COMBINATION AND DECOMPOSITION................117 7.6 CHANGE OF MATTER INTO ENERGY (E=MC2)................119 CHAPTER 8..........................................................................121 THE MOON.............................................................................121 8.1 THE ORIGIN OF OUR MOON............................................122 8.2 HOW FAR IS THE MOON?..............................................123 8.3 THE MOON’S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SUN...................125 CHAPTER 9..........................................................................126 RELIGION & SOCIAL SCIENCES..............................................126 9.1 RELIGION AND POLITICS...............................................126 9.2 SECULARISM................................................................130 9.3 UNIONISM....................................................................132 9.4 RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENCE..............................................133 4 9.5 STATUS OF WOMEN.......................................................135 9.6 CASTE..........................................................................136 9.7 FOOD AND DRINK.........................................................138 9.8 POWER AND PRESTIGE..................................................144 9.9 EDUCATION.................................................................145 9.10 HISTORY & RELIGION...................................................146 9.11 LAW............................................................................148 9.12 WAR AND PEACE..........................................................148 9.13 ECOLOGY.....................................................................150 9.14 DEMOCRACY................................................................153 9.15 TOLERANCE.................................................................155 9.16 SELFLESS SERVICE........................................................156 9.17 MATERIALISM..............................................................157 9.18 COMMUNISM................................................................158 CHAPTER 10........................................................................161 SPIRITUAL INTERESTS............................................................161 10.1 CLAIMS OF EXCLUSIVITY..............................................161 10.2 SALVATION..................................................................162 10.3 CONVERSION................................................................163 10.4 PRAYER.......................................................................165 10.5 MONOTHEISM..............................................................167 10.6 RETURN OF A PROPHET.................................................167 10.7 HEAVEN AND HELL......................................................168 10.8 SACRED DAYS AND OMENS...........................................169 CHAPTER 11........................................................................171 THE UNIVERSAL RELIGION.....................................................171 5 Opinions 1. “You have put so much effort in gathering so much data and information for this small volume. It would be a very valuable book about Sikhism.” Dr. Baldev Singh Collegeville P.A. America 2. “I whole-heartedly applaud this book. It should on the shelves of all libraries and be distributed by all Gurdwaras. It is imperative that the Sikh youth of today are encouraged to read works of this nature.” Dr.Tarlochan Singh Warwick. Leamington Spa. U.K. 3. “You have done a lot of work in studying Gurbani and its comparison with science. Evolutions of life, earth, space, and matter have all been explained in a beautiful manner. The language and terms used are simple and precise. A common person can understand them easily.” Dr. Sarbjit Singh Scientific Officer Bhava Atomic research Centre Bombay 400085 India. 4. “It is a splendid in-depth study of Sikhism and how it relates to science. It would make every Sikh proud to know that our Gurus were in deed well aware of scientific knowledge at a time when the world did not have all the sophistry and instrumentation which we now have.” Dr. Gurcharan Singh Msc;PhD Taramedic Corporation Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 5. “I have read your book with great interest and found it very informative. It is a new addition to Sikh literature. You have done a marvellous job in quoting relevant scientific literature with respect to its religious interpretations. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to read your informative book.” Dr. Gurmel Singh Sidhu America. 6. “The writer has made a fine attempt to delve into the foundations of knowledge in order to reach the truth. He has the vision and the intuition to see into the life of 6 things. The effort made by him is really commendable. The book is sure to enhance the knowledge of its readers and broaden their outlook.” S. Ram Singh Kular Principal Akal Degree College Mastuana (India) and Chief organiser Guru Gobind Singh Study Circle Ludhiana. (India) 7. “The writer has made a deep research in the relevance of science in religion. He has tried to highlight the strong bond between the two. He has not only based his study on the physical sciences but has also explored social sciences and humanities. Psychology, Physical science, Sociology, Philosophy, Economics, Secularism and communism have all found a niche in this study” Professor Gurdev Singh Postgraduate Deptt.of English G.H.G.Khalsa College Sadhar (India) 8. “G.S.Sidhu (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:5)(cid:13)Sikh Religion and Science’ (cid:14)(cid:3)(cid:15)(cid:5) (cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:14)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:26)(cid:9)(cid:27)(cid:20)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:5)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:29)(cid:8)(cid:30)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:31)(cid:5)systematic (cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:5) (cid:10)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:29)(cid:21)(cid:3)(cid:18) (cid:11)(cid:5) (cid:18)!(cid:20)(cid:8)"(cid:7)(cid:5) (cid:1)#(cid:5) $(cid:5) 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(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:10),(cid:22)(cid:5) (cid:23)(cid:30)(cid:25)(cid:5) (cid:8)(cid:30)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:5) (cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:18)%(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:5)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:19)-(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:3),(cid:5)(cid:1)#(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:5) (cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:20)%(cid:5))(cid:28)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:25)(cid:8)(cid:30)(cid:3)"(cid:5) (cid:18)(cid:19)-(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:14)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:5)(cid:1)#(cid:5)+(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:9)(cid:23)(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:23)(cid:30)(cid:25)(cid:5)-(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:5)+(cid:7)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:5)(cid:18)+(cid:26)(cid:9)"(cid:5))(cid:28)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:5) (cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:20)-(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:28)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:12)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:1)#(cid:5)$Dr. Rajinder Singh Deptt. of Hindi G.H.G.Khalsa College Sadhar(India) 7 Foreword The relationship between science and religion has been a point of discussion between the volunteers of The Sikh Community and Youth Service Nottingham and the local young people. In order to address this issue Sardar Gurbachan Singh Sidhu was requested to meet a group of specially invited intellectuals and university students. The discussion that took place has formed the basis of this book. There is very little information available in Sikh literature on this topic. This is surprising when one considers the large number of practising Sikhs who are also Science graduates. It is sincerely hoped that this book will stimulate the interest of Sikh writers to come forward and search for concepts in the Sikh scriptures that have yet to be developed by science. It should be understood that the Sikh Gurus were not scientists nor trained in scientific methods. Yet they provided tremendous insights into the workings of the natural and physical world. They have remarkably stated their ideas in a language that not only satisfies religious quest but also proves true on the touchstone of science. Sikhism is scientific and consistently challenges the illogical and superstitious beliefs. Mr. Sidhu has done a sterling job in interpreting Gurbani into a language, which is accessible to young people educated in the Western world. The book provides a new insight into Gurbani and counterbalances the misplaced view that only science represents the truth and has all the answers. I am sure it will undoubtedly make a huge contribution to assist the Sikhs and non-Sikhs to better understand the messages in the scriptures. A clear challenge to the Sikh scientists and Gurbani scholars is to extend this subject further so that we leave a legacy for future generations. Gurmel Singh Kandola. Director Public Services, Greenwich. London S.E.18 8 About this book The faith of modern man has been violently shaken by the quick and continuous advances of science and technology in all areas of life. As a consequence some members of the modern society have started questioning the need for religion in the modern scientific age. The influence of communism has further spurred such questioning and criticism. This has resulted in the rapid erosion or in many cases rejection of spiritual values and has triggered its transplantation with agnosticism and atheism. For some people the idea of God is futile, superstitious and redundant. For some others religion is an outdated commodity, which has outlived its utility and has no relevance in the 21st century. They think it is unsuited to afford guidance in human affairs and therefore, they reject everything religious as unreliable, unless proven correct through science. Agnosticism and materialism are today driving religion out of public mind. Young people are getting devoted to vice and accumulation of wealth than to religion. Religious places are losing attendance while public bars, cinemas and discos are doing a roaring trade. There is also no dearth of conservative theologians who think that religion is a supra-sensory, supra- rational, sacred, metaphysical phenomenon without any connection with science and therefore should not be approached with a questioning stance.1 Such so-called guardians of religion are throwing the gold coin of true religion away with the worn out purse of un-necessary, meaningless ritualism. It is a fact that science improves our environment and enhances our understanding of Nature. If science is ignored man will lose thousands of years of accumulated knowledge, which has enabled him from a cave-dweller to become a sophisticated 1 Al-Ashari and Al-Ghazali condemned reason and questioning in Islam and were therefore disliked. “But for al-Ashari and Al-Ghazali the Arabs might have been a nation of Galileos, Keplers and Newtons” (Syed Ameer Ali The Spirit of Islam p.486). In Sikhism the self-styled Sants are similarly standing in the way of interpreting Gurbani scientifically. 9 builder of skyscrapers and computers. However no one can deny that in wrong hands even science can do incalculable harm and destroy in seconds what takes religion thousands of years to build. Religion imparts purpose to human life and provides direction to the humanism of an individual. If religion is ignored, social justice, tolerance, morality and human values will be on the decline. But religion on its own is not a panacea for the society. It may cause mental laziness and turn the humans into introverts. Albert Einstein puts this debate succinctly when he says,” Science without religion is lame and religion without science is blind.”(Science, Philosophy and Religion: A symposium 1941 Chapter 13) Science and religion in tandem can become a great force to liberate the mind and help the humans to a fuller and better understanding of reality. Science deals with the exploration of matter and material comforts, which are very necessary for the humans. Religion deals with man’s mind and instincts which are inalienable part of the humans. It is therefore imperative that knowledge of both religion and science is imparted to our next generation and nurtured with equal enthusiasm. “The diamond of knowledge always keeps the mind flooded with light and destroys the darkness of ignorance”2 say the wise. To write about religion is fraught with many difficulties but to compare and contrast it with science is really an uphill task. Looking for precise physical scientific laws and scientific experimental data in religion is like looking for fish in the desert. The difficulty is further accentuated for a person like me whose knowledge of his own religion is insufficient and that of science is patchy. 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