BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE BIOLOGIE, 77: 45-286, 2008 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT YOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN BIOLOGIE, 77: 45-286~ 2008 Shelf and abyssal Liljeborgia BATE, 1861 of the Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Liljeborgiidae) by Cedric d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ Abstract and with several spines on the dorsomedial border of the peduncle of the first uropod. These two groups, which are In Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas, the genus Liljeborgia also characterized by other less constant characters, appear has been recorded from 4 to 4385 m. The occurrence of widely distributed across the world oceans. 12 valid previously named species is confirmed south of 40°S (Tasmania and New Zealand excluded): L. chevreuxi Key-words: Liljeborgia, Crustacea, Amphipoda, Antarctica, SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. consanguinea STEBBING, sub-Antarctic, Patagonia, deep sea, continental shelf, 1888, L. ewycradus THURSTON, 1974, L. georgiana Systematics. SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. geatgiensis K.H. BARNARD, 1932, L. kerguelensis BELLAN-SANTINI & LEDOYER, 1974, L. longicornis (SCHELLENBERG, 1931 ), L. macrodon Resume SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. octodentata SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. pseudomacronyx BELLAN-SANTfNI & LEDOYER, 1987, L. Dans les mers antarctiques et subantarctiques, le genre quadridentata SCHELLENBERG, 1931 and L. quinquendentata Liljeborgia est signale entre 4 et 4385 m. La presence de SCHELLENBERG, 1931. All these species are re-described in 12 especes valides precedemment nommees au sud de 40°S detail, wherever possible after the types. In addition, 11 new (Tasmanie et Nouvelle-Zelande exclues) est confirmee: L. Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species (6 shelf and 5 deep-sea chevreuxi SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. consanguinea STEBBfNG, species) are described: L. abyssotypica n. sp., L. bythiana n. 1888, L. ewycradus THURSTON, 1974, L. gemgiana sp., L. cnephatis n. sp., L. c1yptothrix n. sp., L. homospora n. SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. georgiensis K.H. BARNARD, sp., L. nesiotica n. sp., L. permacra n. sp., L. polydeuces n. sp., 1932, L. kerguelensis BELLAN-SANTfNI & LEDOYER, L. prionota n. sp., L. rauscherti n. sp. and L. semperhiemalis 1974, L. longicornis (SCHELLENBERG, 1931 ), L. macrodon n. sp. Two additional species (Liljeborgia sp. I and sp. 2) SCHELLENBERG, 1931, L. octodentata SCHELLENBERG, 1931, are characterized but not named, due to the inadequate L. pseudomacronyx BELLAN-SANTfNI & LEDOYER, 1987, L. condition of the available material. It is demonsh·ated that quadridentata SCHELLENBERG, 1931 et L. quinquendentata L. falklandica K.H. BARNARD, 1932 is a junior synonym SCHELLENBERG, 1931. Toutes ces especes sont redecrites of L. octodentata SCHELLENBERG, 1931. The Antarctic and en detail, d 'ap res les types, chaque fois que Ia chose est sub-Antarctic records of L. dubia (HASWELL, 1879), and possible. De plus, 11 especes nouvelles antarctiques et the sub-Antarctic record of L. proxima CHEYREUX, 1907 subantarctiques (6 especes du plateau continental et 5 are not accepted because the types of these species originate especes profondes) sont decrites: L. abyssotypica n. sp., L. respectively from warm-temperate and tropical seas, and bythiana n. sp., L. cnephatis n. sp., L. c1yptothrix n. sp., L. such species from warmer climates are unlikely to occur in homospora n. sp., L. nesiotica n. sp., L. permacra n. sp., the frigid waters of the Southern Ocean. Several species have L. polydeuces n. sp., L. prionota n. sp., L. rauscherti n. sp. a ve1y restricted distribution (e.g. insular endemism) and such et L. semperhiemalis n. sp. Deux especes supplementaires species are probably very vulnerable to major environmental (Liljeborgia sp. 1 et sp. 2) sont caracterisees mais pas alterations. All Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Liljeborgia can nommees, vu l'etat inadequat du materiel disponible. II est be divided into two morphologically homogeneous groups demontre que L. fa!klandica K.H. BARNARD, 1932 est un of species: a group without setae on the outer distal border synonyme plus recent de L. octodentata SCHELLENBERG, of the first article of the palp of the maxilliped and with only 1931. Les signalements antarctiques et subantarctiques de one (distal) spine on the dorsomedial border of the peduncle L. dubia (HASWELL, 1879), et le signa1ement subantarctique of the first uropod, and a group with dorsal setae on the outer de L. proxima CH.EVREUX, 1907 ne sont pas acceptes distal border of the first article of the palp of the maxilliped comme valides car les types de ces especes provie1ment 46 C. d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ I I respectivement de mers temperees chaudes et tropicales, et Ia are inadequate or outdated, and thorough revisions at the presence de telles especes de climats clements est hautement generic or familial level describing all available named improbable dans les eaux glaciales de I'Ocean Austral. and unknown species are badly needed. Such a revision Plusieurs especes ont une distribution restreinte (par exemple was recently accomplished for the 'spiny amphipods' endemisme insulaire). De telles especes sont probablement (Epimeriidae, Iphimediidae, etc), which have been tres vulnerables aux alterations majeures de I' environnement. reviewed in a series of descriptive papers followed Les Liljeborgia antarctiques et subantarctiques se repartissent by a nicely illustrated identification guide (COLEMAN, en deux groupes morphologiquement homogenes: un groupe 2007). The present w9rk should be the firs.t.of a series of sans soies sur le bord exteme distal de I' article 1 du palpe du maxillipede et avec une seule epine (d istale) sur le bord similar papers on the Liljeborgiidae. At the same time it dorsomedial du pedoncule du premier uropode, et un groupe will contribute to international research projects such as avec des soies dorsales sur le bord exteme distal de ('article the Census of Antarctic Marine Life and the ANDEEP 1 du palpe du maxillipede et avec plusieurs epines sur le programme. bord dorsomedial du pedoncule du premier uropode. Ces The genus Liljeborgia BATE, 1861 is the only genus deux categories, qui sont aussi caracterisees par d'autres of Liljeborgiidae present in the Southern Ocean. It is differences moins accusees, sont egalement largement cosmopolitan in nature with a continuous distribution representees dans les oceans du monde. from the epicontinental seas of Antarctica to the abyssal depths of the Arctic Ocean, and a depth range Mots-cles: Liljeborgia, Crustacea, Amphipoda, Antarctique, spanning from the infralitoral to over 6000 m depth. sub-Antarctique, Patagonie, abysses, plateau continental, Systematique. The oldest records of Liljeborgia in the Southern Ocean are those of L. consanguinea STEBBTNG, 18&8 from «With the advent off itrther and larger collections from the the lies Kerguelen and Heard Island, published in the Antarctic the earlier descriptions get subjected more and report of the H.M.S. Challenger e~pedition (STEBBING, more to the fire of criticism. It is comparatively easy to sort 1888). The next addition is provided more than 40 Qut the specimens into species; the assignation of names, years later by SCHELLENBERG ( 1931 ), who erected no giving due credit to earlier authors, is the difficulty. All less than seven new species. The remaining four valid praise is due to those who have paved the way in the study Liljeborgia species from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Amphipods. It is inevitable waters were described in four papers published between that pioneers should leave a few stones, sticks and snags as 1932 and 1987 (K.H. BARNARD, 1932; THURSTON, stumbling-blocks to those who follow. It takes much work to make a well-defined path, and also to arrive at a clear-cut 1974; BELLAN-SANTINI & LEDOYER, 1974 & 1987). definition of a «specieS)). It is also inevitable, with an ever All Antarctic or sub-Antarctic Liljeborgia species were more searching analysis of specific characters, that even the known by unstandardized and sometimes very short most elaborate description will often be found to lack just descriptions, accompanied by usually mediocre and the precise information which a later student requireS)) (K.H. often very few illustrations. As a consequence of such BARNARD, 1932). sibylline diagnoses, many further species records cannot be considered as based on rigorous identification but rather as the result of a haphazard guess. They are often INTRODUCTION unreliable and oflittle value for biogeographical analyses and for a biodiversity ass.essment. So, the first and main Amphipod crustaceans are the most diverse zoological objective of the present paper is to fully redescribe these group in the seas surrounding Antarctica. In a recent previously named species, wherever possible by re catalogue, DE BROYER et al. (2007) gave a list of no examining their type specimens. The second objective less than 815 marine amphipod species (Hyperiidea is to complete this revision by the description of new excluded) recorded south of the subtropical convergence, species collected during various oceanographic cruises, and a very conservative estimation suggests that the real in particular those of the German icebreaker Polm·stern. number of species in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas The present paper proposes standardized descriptions must be at least twice higher. Oceanographic cruises of representatives of all the morphological species made during the past 25 years have yielded a huge groups of Liljeborgia currently known from Antarctic amount of amphipod specimens from the continental and sub-Antarctic waters. The careful comparison of shelf of the Southern Ocean, while the recent AN DEEP 25 Li(jebmgia species also provided the opportunity cruises collected a high number of samples from the to establish which characters should be included in Antarctic deep seas, including a very considerable future descriptions of species from any part of the number ofu nknown species. Many previous descriptions world. Therefore this contribution is offered as a basis '' Shelf and abyssal Liljeborgia of the Southern Ocean 4 7 for a more rigid taxonomy of the genus Liljebmgia of of cases, character states are defined as ratios, which the Southern Ocean and other seas. However it is by are more objective and precise than tenns like 'fairly no means the final chapter on the systematics of the narrow', 'very broad', etc. The length of the basis of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Liljeborgia. Indeed, due to the pereiopods 5-6-7 used in the ratios is the length of various practical constrains, it was not possible to study the anterior or the posterior border (depending which all the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic material available one is the longest). The ratio measurements should be at this stage and it was not yet possible to address considered as indicative only, since they are usually biogeographical and phylogenetic questions. The study based on one specimen only and tilting artifacts on the of satellite forms close to well characterized species will microscope preparations are possible. The lenses of the be carried out at a later stage, and results conceming microscope can also induce abeiTations of sphericity, molecular systematics will be h·eated separately. which are not negligible. However it was considered preferable to accurately record most ratios to two digits, in order to prevent any loss of information. It will leave MATERIAL AND METHODS the possibility to create any kind of fine-tuned rescaling in further derivative papers, especially in cladistic Specimens were first examined in toto witbin cavity analyses. Due to time restriction, no extensive studies slides filled with glycerin and illustrations made if on variability has been caiTied out, and especially the necessary. All drawings of type specimens from the meristic characters are likely to depart somewhat from Museum of Stockholm were made without dissection. the given numbers in some specimens. These numbers Appendages of newly dissected specimens were are usually given for adults, and it must be borne in usually illustrated in glycerin temporary microscope mind that in juveniles the dactyli of the gnathopods preparations and afterwards permanently mounted in have often less teeth and the antenna! flagella less Euparal. However the large pieces were sometimes articles than in adults. dired ly mounted in Euparal. Medial structures of the The term 'setae' is used for slender articulate last three pairs of pereiopods were seen more easily structures, 'spines' for stout articulate structures, 'teeth' after mounting in Euparal, as a result of the clarifying for inarticulate pointed sh·uctures. Geographical names properties of this mounting medium. The sequence are given in English for places situated south of 60°S, of transfer was: glycerin (or alcohol 70%) > absolute in the language of the country for places located notth alcohol (or denatured alcohol 96%) > mixture of 20% of 60°S. Euparal I 80% absolute alcohol (or denatured alcohol) The material collected by Martin RAUSCHERT > Euparal. The pieces were left at least one hour in has been provisionally registered at the RBINS (I.G. each bath. Pencil drawings were made with two types 31.068), but the majority will be transfeiTed to the ZMB of pencils (0 = 0.3 and 0.5 mm) with the help of a in the future, when the study of the rest of the Antarctic camera Iucida mounted on a Leica DMLB compound Liljeborgia material will be completed. microscope. Those drawings were photographed In the majority of cases, the label of the specimens with a Canon 'Powershot S3 IS' camera (settings had a station number without longitude/latitude on nightshot; macro, no flash). The contrasts were coordinates. These coordinates have been extracted readjusted with Adobe Photoshop 8.0.1 and afterwards from various published and unpublished sources, such the colour picture was converted in grayscale. Inking as: was done with the software Adobe Illustrator 11.0.0 Eugenia Expedition 1851-53: samples with detailed and an A3 drawing table (Wacom Intuos3 12x 19). At labels the beginning of this study, the drawing instructions of H.M.S. Challenger (1873-1876): samples with detailed COLEMAN (2003) were more or less strictly followed. label However some of his instructions were soon skipped R/V Albatross (1888): samples with detailed label and several new functions were experimented (e.g. Nordenskjolds Exp. - Nordenskjolds expedition creation of art brushes for drawing spines and thick till Eldslandet och Patagonia 1895-96: labels always setae). The original orientation of spines and setae was incomplete and without coordinates; whenever possible sometimes modified dming the inking process in order the data have been completed with ANONYMOUS to improve the readability of the drawing. (1967) Surfaces ofpropodus ofg nathopods are approximated Swedish S. Polar Exp. - Swedish South Polar as ellipses with propodus length as greatest diameter Expedition 1901-03: samples with detailed labels and propodus width as smallest diameter. In a number Stations of A.G. BENNETT (1918): coordinates 48 C. d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ I I unavailable and presumably lost ANT-XXIII/8, PS69, 2006-2007: GUTT (2008) Discovery expedition (1925-1927): names of locations R/V Tangaora, 2004: coordinates provided by Kareen given by K.H. BARNARD (1932); coordinates extracted SCHNABEL (NIWA): from ALBERTS (1995) RIV William Scoresby (1927): names of localities indicated on label; coordinates obtained via ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . www.geonames.org R/V Eltanin (various cruises, 1962-1968): samples APPENDAGE OF ANIMALS: A1-A2: a11tennae 1 and with detailed label 2; Md: mandible; Mx1-Mx2: maxill~·e 1 and 2; Mxp: Material from Iles Kerguelen and Crozet (1966) of maxilliped; Gn1-Gn2: gnathopods 1 and 2; P3-P7: BELLAN-SANTINI & LEDOYER (1974): coordinates of pereiopods 3 to 7; Ep1-Ep3: epimeral plates 1 to 3; U1- locations given in th~ paper extracted from DELEPTNE U3: uropods 1 to 3. (1973) GEARS: AGT: Agassiz trawl; EBS: epibenthic Cruise MD 08 of the RIV Marion Dufresne, 1976: sledge; GSN: grmmd trawl; MUC: multicorer; RD: BELLAN-SANTTNI & LEDOYER (1987) Rauschert dredge 26th and 30th Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 1980- SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS: AWl: Alfred Wegener 1982 and 1984-1986: RAUSCHERT (1991) only gives Institute, Bremerhaven; BMNH or NHM: the Natural the locations of his stations; their coordinates have been History Museum, London, UK (previously British extracted from ALBERTS (1995). Museum, Natural History); MCSN: Museo Civico KER82 - Mission Iles Kerguelen 1982 (RBINS): di Storia Naturale, Verona, Italy; MN~; Museum coordinates of locations extracted from DELEPINE National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NIWA: (1973) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, ARC87- ARCTOWSKI 87- 11th Polish Antarctic Wellington, New Zealand;··· NRS: Naturhistorika Expedition 1986-1987 (PAEll): 'MISTA' database Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; RBINS: Royal from Department of Invertebrates, RBINS Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, FER93 - Mission Antarctique 'Ferraz' 1993 Belgium; SAM: South African Museum, Cape Town, (RBINS): 'MISTA' database from Department of South Africa; USNM: US National Museum of Natural Invertebrates, RBINS Histmy, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, ARC93 - ARCTOWSKI 93 - 17th Polish Antarctic USA; ZMB: Museum fur Naturktmde der Humboldt Expedition 1993 (PAE93): 'MISTA' database from Universitat, Berlin, Germany; ZMH: Zoologisches Depm1ment of Invertebrates, RBINS Museum, Hamburg Universitat, Hamburg, Gennany ARC94 - ARCTOWSKI 94: 18th Polish Antarctic Expedition 1994 (PAE94): 'MISTA' database from Department of Invertebrates, RBINS. SYSTEMATICS MAG94- MAGELLAN 94, 'Victor Hensen cruise' Joint Magellan Campaign 1994: ARNTZ & GORNY Family Liljeborgiidae STEBBING, 1899 (1996) CIMAR Fiordo 3, R/V Vidal Gormaz (1997): Liljeborgia BATE, 1862 coordinates extracted from Rios et a!. (2005), MUTSCHKE & Rios (2006) and DE BROYER (2007) Iduna BOECK, 1861: 656 (type species: Iduna ANT-VII/4 (ANTARKTIS-VII/4), PS14, EPOS leg 3, brevicornis BOECK, 1860) [homonym: Aves] and ANT-VII/5, 1989: ARNTZ eta!. (1990) Liljeborgia BATE, 1862: 118 (type species: Gammarus ANT-XIII/3, PS39, Wed 96, EASIZ I, 1996: ARNTZ & pallidus BATE, 1857; gender: feminine); BARNARD & GUTT (1997) KARAMAN, 1991:413-416 ANT-XV/3, PS48, Wed 98, EASIZ II, 1998: ARNTZ & Microplax LILLJEBORG, 1865a: 11; 1865b: 18 (type GUTT (1999) species: Iduna brevicornis BOECK, 1860) [new name ANT-XIX/3-4, PS61, ANDEEP I and II, 2002: for Iduna but again homonym: Heteroptera] FDTTERER eta!. (2003) Lil!jeborgiella SCHELLENBERG, 1931: 136 (type species: ANT-XXI/2, PS65, BENDEX, 2003-2004: ARNTZ & Li//jeborgiel!a longicornis SCHELLENBERG, 1931) BREY (2005) Heeli!jeborgia LEDOYER, 1986: 691 (type species: ANT-XXII/3, PS67, ANDEEP III, 2005: FAHRBACH Li!jeborgia heeia BARNARD, 1970) (2006) II Shelf and abyssal Liljeborgia of the Southern Ocean 49 DIAGNOSIS as nomenclaturally cotTect and should be conserved. On the other hand, the same rules dictate that if one day A1 with long accessory flagellum divided in more than the genus Lilljeborgiella SCHELLENBERG, 1931 would 4 articles. Mandible: molar non triturative and with be resunected, it should retain the two 'L' in the first · several long stout setae; left lacinia mobilis with 4 to patt of the nomen. Finally, it should be pointed out that 6 (most commonly 5) teeth; palp with articles 1 and 2 the various papers by LIL(L)JEBORG should be cited in linear succession (atticulation not strongly angular), respecting the printed spelling of'the author's name, article 1 elongate and atticle 3 not arched. Carpus of and not in 'conecting' them, as done·for example by Gn 1-Gn2 with long anterior process. Palm of Gn l-Gn2 BARNARD & KARAMAN (1991). Indeed author's names with outer row of regular-sized hooked spinules often should not be considered as persons but as signatures intermixed with smooth setae, and with medial row of (DUBOIS, 2008). strong acute-tipped setae, each with two long prongs BARNARD & KARAMAN (1991) listed 44 species on anterior border, except distal seta which is pappose. of Liljeborgia, which they considered as presumably Gn2 larger than Gn 1 (exceptionally equal to Gn 1: male valid. One of them (L. falklandica K.H. BARNARD, L. prionota n. sp.). Dactylus ofGnl-Gn2 usually deeply 1932) is put in synonymy in the present paper. Three toothed (teeth missing on first or both gnathopods in a species are not included in the monograph of BARNARD few, mostly deep-water species). Outer ramus of U3 & KA.RAMAN (1991): L. hwanghaensis KIM & KIM, with 1 article. Lobes of telson with 1 apical spine in 1990, L. petrae LYONS & MYERS, 1991 and L. polonius most species (2 spines in L. serrata NAGATA, 1965; 3 HUGHES & LOWRY, 2006 (see KIM & KIM, 1990; spines in L. hwanghaensis KIM & KIM, 1990). LYONS & MYERS, 1991; HUGHES & LOWRY,'2006). In the present paper, 11 new species are described, raising DISTRIBUTION the total number of presumedly· valid named species to 57. The author is aware of the existence of several · Cosmopolitan, 0 to 6000 m. undescribed species from various parts of the world, and the genus is obviously considerably more speciose REMARKS. than previously assumed. All the Liljeborgia species of the Southern Ocean The genus under study, which is. dedicated to the and at least a large number of species from other areas Swedish naturalist LIL(L)JEBORG, is sometimes can be assigned to two clear-cut morphological groups, spelled Liljeborgia (with one 'L', in third position) but at this stage it cannot be ascertained whether these and sometimes Lilljeborgia (with two 'L', in third groups are clades or not. The first group has no anterior and fourth position). This merits comments in order outer setae on the dorsal side of the first article of the to ensure the stability of nomenclature. Vilhelm palp of the maxilliped and only one (distal) spine on the (Wilhelm) LILJEBORG, 1816-1908, changed his name dorsomedial border of the peduncle of the first uropod; to William LILLJEBORG (with double 'L') around 1860, the posterior border of the propodus of the pereiopods when he visited the USA for a while (VADER, 1972). 3 and 4 has setules or small spines. The second group BATE (1862: 118) published the name Liljeborgia with has anterior outer setae on the dorsal side of the first one 'L', hence after the change in the surname. The article of the palp of 1:he maxilliped, and has several International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th spines on the dorsomedial border of the pedtmcle of the edition (art. 32.5.1. on incorrect original spellings) first uropod; the ornamentation of the posterior border states: "If there is in the original publication itself, of the propodus of the pereiopods 3 and 4 is variable but without recourse to any external source of information, most commonly consists of long or rather long spines/ clear evidence of an inadvettent error, such as a lapsus setae. The second group is the most species rich and calami or a copyist's or printer's enor, it must be morphologically diverse in the Southem Ocean. One of corrected. Inconect transliteration or latinization, or its representatives, L. prionota n. sp. is the only known use of an inappropriate c01mecting vowel, are not to Liljeborgia species in which the sexual dimorphism be considered inadvettent errors". There is no evidence is concentrated on the first gnathopod instead of the of inadvertent enor, since BATE ( 1862) explicitly second gnathopod, and it is the only one in which dedicated the species to LILJEBORG (with one 'L'): "It is the second gnathopod is not significantly larger than named in compliment to Prof. LILJEBORG". So, even if the first gnathopod in adult male. These characters one considers the latinization by BATE as incorrect, then are reminiscent of some other Liljeborgiidae, such the original spelling with one 'L' should be considered as Idunella aeqvicornis (G.O. SARS, 1876) (see G.O. II 50 C. d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ SARS, 1890-1895), 1. pirata KRAPP-SCHICKEL, 1975 teeth (larger than usual) and one large lateral tooth; (see KRAPP-SCHlCKEL, 1989), Listriella. brevicornis spines of incisor process not spinulose, ultimate spine (LEDOYER, 1973) (see LEDOYER, 1986 as ldune/la b.), of incisor process not much stouter than others; articles L. curvidacty/a (NAGATA, 1965) (see NAGATA, 1965 one and two of palp subequal (ratio length article one as ldunella c.), and Sextonia longirostris CHEVREUX, I article two = 0.99); article one 5.62 x as long as 1920 (see CHEVREUX & FAGE, 1925), in which wide; article two with 2 setae on tip and no setae more the first gnathopod is dominant and very sexually proximally, 4.77 x as long as wide; article three 3.77 x dimorphic. It is not yet known if these similarities are as long as wide, 0.53 x as long as atiicle·two; all setae symplesiomorphic or homoplastic in natme, but the of palp unusually short. question should be addressed in the future. Mx 1: second article of palp with I seta on upper margin, 5 spines of nonnal stoutness on ventral and Liljeborgia abyssotypica n. sp. apical margin, and 4 facial setae; outer plate with 9 (Figs 1-6) denticulate spines; itmer plate with a single seta. Mx2: outer plate with 3 widely spaced strong setae MATERIAL on upper margin; setae of Mx2 of nonnal stoutness and not very nwnerous. RIV Eltanin, sta. 38-11GR34, Tasman Basin, SE of Mxp: article one of palp with 2 medium-sized Tasmania, 49°45'36"S 152°36'12"E, 4304 m, Camera slender distal outer dorsal setae, article two with 2 non grab, Ol.v.1964: 1 specimen (holotype), presumably r:3 distal setae on outer margin; article three with one pair (no oostegites), leg. L.D. MCKJNNEY, USNM 180248 of setae on anterior border, article four (dactylus) stout, [labeled as the holotype of Liljeborgia abysotypicus with anterior margin barely curved and posterior margin [sic] MCKJNNEY; the specimen, which was already nearly straight, and 0.80 x as long as article three; outer dissected by MCKINNEY, has not been petmanently plate with 7 to 8 widely spaced, very stout spines and mounted] 6 spiniform media-ventral setae at the same level as spines or more proximally; inner plate with 3 short and ETYMOLOGY extremely stout anterior spines and 5 to 6 spinifonn setae. Abyssotypicus, -a, -um, adjective created in combining Gnl: coxa broadly triangular, with posterior border the Greek adjectives apucrcroc;, 'bottomless, distinctly concave, with small anterior and posterior unfathomable' (tenn often used for describing the depths tooth; merus with distal group of setae and median of the sea), and wmKot;, 'conforming to type'. The isolated seta, without distal tooth; carpus process with 4 original manuscript spelling 'abysotypicus' proposed groups of setae; tip of carpus reaching 0.10 of propodus, by L.D. McKlNNEY is here corrected in doubling of separated from propodal group of strong spines by the'S' of abysso-, and its ending is put in concord with distinct space; propodus 1.9 x as long as wide; group Liljeborgia, which is feminine. of spines on the proximal 0.29 of propodus (most distal spine used as reference point); these spines are long; DESCRIPTION palm border forming a regular cw-ve, without teeth, with widely spaced ~. .. d unusually small hooked spines Rostrum very short, bluntly triangular. on outer row (22 hooked outer spines and no outer Eye absent. setae); dactylus without teeth. A1: major flagellum with 14 articles; accessory Gn2: coxa quadrato-elliptic and broad with small flagellum with 8 articles. anterior and posterior tooth (the two teeth are widely A2: article 4 of peduncle with long styliform dorsal distant from each other); merus with sparse setae, and ventrolateral spines; article 5 with small dorsomedial without distal tooth; carpus process with 5 groups of spines and with 3 very slender ventrolateral spines often setae; tip of carpus lobe very blunt; propodus 1.8 x associated with one or several setae; flagellum with 11 as long as wide; proximal spines including a group of articles, slightly longer than fifth article of peduncle. 2 spines of which one is very long, and a more distal Epistome rounded in lateral view, and not isolated spine on the proximal 0.14 of propodus; palm protruding. border regularly convex, with hooked spines of outer Md: left lacinia mobilis large and with anterior row rather well spaced (24 hooked outer spines); setae margin with 5 triangular teeth; right lacinia mobilis of itmer row of palm of normal length; dactylus very slightly smaller, with anterior margin with 6 obtuse long (0.89 x as long as propodus) with 1 tooth. Propodus Shelf and abyssal Liljeborgia of the Southern Ocean '51 of Gn2 significantly longer than propodus of Gn1; ratio groups of spine/seta); propodal apical tuft of setae very length Gn2 I length Gnl: 1.31; surface of propodus of developed (consisting of many setae which are very Gn2 I surface ofpropodus ofGn1: 1.74. long; there are no spines); dactylus slightly curved and P3: coxa elliptic, of normal width, with nonnally slender, 0.41 x as long as propodus. developed anterior and posterior tooth (the two teeth P6: coxa short, with small posterior tooth; basis very are normally distant from each other); merus 2.0 x as nanow (2.09 x as long as wide), with anterior border long as carpus (i.e. carpus extremely short) and 1.35 x distinctly curved and posterior border straight; anterior as long as propodus (i.e. propodus very short); dactylus border with conical spir..es (distal angle with·a rather very long, very slender and strongly curved, 0.94 x as long spine), posterior border with only 6 teeth (which long as carpus and 0.64 x as long as propodus; merus are widely separated from each other), distal border with a pair of normal-sized setae on 0.6 of posterior produced into a protruding rounded toothless lobe; border, followed by a short distal seta, with 1 short seta ischium without spine on anterodistal comer; men.1s on middle of anterior border; carpus with 2 groups of with anterior groups of well developed spines and thin and very long setae (incl. distal group) on posterior posterior groups of short spines; carpus with 3 groups of border, with I isolated short seta on anterior border; long slender spines on anterior border and no posterior propodus with 3 groups of thin and very long setae spines (except apical group); carpus 0.59 x as long as (length of longest propodal setae about 3.18 x width merus; propodus with long slender anterior spines, each of propodus) on posterior border; anterior border of associated with 1 or 2 long setae (3 spine/seta groups); propodus with 1 isolated setule and distal group of long dactylus slightly curved and slender, 0.40 x as long as setae. propodus; propodal apical tuft very developed (many P4: coxa fairly broad (1.08 x as long as wide), with setae which are very long). anterior and posterior border diverging downwards, P7: coxa short, without posterior tooth; basis very with anterior border distinctly convex, with ventral nanow (1.79 x as long as wide), with anterior and border slightly and regularly convex, with 3 strong posterior border straight; anterior border with conical and sharp teeth on posterior border, with 1 small spines (distal angle with a medium-sized spine paired anteroventral tooth; merus 1.95 x as long as carpus (i.e. with a spinule), posterior border with only 6 teeth carpus extremely short) and 1.48 x as long as propodus (which are widely separated from each other), distal (i.e. propodus very short); dactylus very long, slender border produced into a protmding rounded toothless and strongly curved, 0.89 x as long as carpus and 0.68 lobe; ischium without spine on anterodistal corner; x as long as propodus; merus with a pair of nonnal merus with long anterior and posterior spines; mems sized setae on 0.6 of posterior border, followed by a 5.18 x as long as wide and 0.97 x as long as basis; carpus short distal seta; carpus with 2 groups of thin and very with long anterior spines and short posterior spines + long setae (incl. distal group) on posterior border, with distal group of long spines; carpus 0.81 x as long as I isolated short seta on anterior border; propodus with merus; propodus of P7 1.53 x as long as propodus of 3 groups of thin and very long setae (length of longest P6; propodus with 4 groups of long slender spines on propodal setae about 2.33 x width of propodus) on anterior border; trace of a broken apical spine; 3 short posterior border; anterior border of propodus with 2 setules on posterior border; dactylus straight, very long isolated setules and distal group of long setae. and narrow (styliform and beeoming apically hair-like), P5: coxa short, with small posterior tooth; basis very 1.17 x as long as propodus. nanow (2.04 x as long as wide), with anterior border Pleonite 1: posterodorsal area produced into 1 well distinctly curved and posterior border straight; anterior developed tooth; Ep 1 with small posteroventral tooth, border with conical spines, posterior border with only with posterior border strongly convex, without setae. 6 teeth (which are widely separated from each other), Pleonite 2: posterodorsal area produced into 1 well distal border produced into a protruding rounded developed tooth; Ep2 with tiny but acute posteroventral toothless lobe; ischium without spine on anterodistal tooth followed by a notch, with posterior border corner; merus with groups of short anterior and distinctly convex, with 2 setules on posterior border. posterior spines; carpus with 4 groups of spines (one Pleonite 3: posterodorsal area produced into I small group also with a long seta) on anterior border, and no tooth; Ep3 with unusually short blunt posteroventral posterior omamentation except distal group of spines; tooth, positioned at the same level as ventral margin, carpus 0.55 x as long as merus; carpus+ propodus 1.07 with posterior border nearly straight and with 1 setule. x as long as merus; propodus with anterior long slender Urosomite I with dorsal border rectilinear in its spines and setae, which can be associated in groups (3 posterior half, with well developed posterodorsal tooth II 52 C. d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ pointing backwards; ventrolateral border with 0 to 1 Liljeborgia bythiana n. sp. spine; peduncle of U1 with 3 dorsolateral spines: two (Figs 7-12) short ones (on 0. 4 and 0. 7 of peduncle), and 1 long and stout distal one, with 3 dorsomedial spines: 2 stout and MATERlAL large spines on first half of pedtmcle and I long and stout distal spine; outer ramus with 3 well-developed ANT-XIX/4, ANDEEP II, sta. 131-3, W Weddell Sea, outer spines and 0 to 1 medial spines; inner ramus with 65°19.83'S 051°31.62'W to 65°19.95'S 05t~31.4l'W, 1 well developed spine on outer border and 2 to 3 well 3049-3050 m, EBS-Epinet, 05.iii.2002: 2 specimens c3, developed spines on medial border. (holotype, presumably 11 mm: dissected and Urosomite 2 with dorsal border rectilinear, with well mounted on 12 slides in Euparal; paratype, presumably developed posterodorsal tooth pointing backwards; c3, 7 nun, in alcohol, except one P6: mounted on a slide peduncle of U2 with 3 dorsolateral spines: one sho1t in Euparal), leg. A. BRANDT, ZMH-41951 on proximal 0.4, another (broken but presumably sho1t or fairly sho1t) on distal 0.7 and one near the ETYMOLOGY tip, with a single well developed dorsomedial spine in apical position; outer ramus with 3 well· developed Bythianus, -a, -um: Latin adjective created after the outer spines and no medial spines; inner ramus with 0 Greek noun Pu8ot;, the depths of the sea. The name to 1 well developed spine on outer border and 2 well alludes to the deep-sea habitat of the species. developed spines on medial border. Urosomite 3 with small blunt posterolateral tooth on DESCRJPTION each side, with pair of long styliform spines (0.31 x as long as height ofurosomite 3); U3 shorter than U1 and Rostmm short, nanowly triangular, very acute. a bit shorter than U2; outer ramus and inner ramus of Eye absent. U3 subequal; outer ramus of U3 without spines; i1mer A 1: major flagellum with 15 articles in holotype ramus 1.29 x as long as peduncle, with 2 spines on outer (9 in paratype); accessmy flagellum with 9 articles in side, with 3 well developed spines on medial side. holotype (5 in paratype). Telson: cleft to 0.62 of its length; medial tooth of A2: article 4 of peduncle with long slender dorsal and each lobe reaching about 0.58 of outer tooth; inter-teeth ventrolateral spines; article 5 with small dorsomedial spine oveneaching outer tooth by 0.65 of its length, 0.32 spines and 1 distal ventrolateral spine; flagellum with x as long as telson; tip oftelson lobes without setae. 11 articles in holotype (7 in parat ype), slightly shorter than fifth a1ticle of peduncle. LENGTH Epistome rounded and somewhat protruding in lateral view. Said to be 7.36 mrn prior to dissection (manuscript label Md: left lacinia mobilis large and with anterior found in the vial). margin with 5 rounded teeth; right lacinia mobilis distinctly smaller, with anterior margin coarsely and DISTRJBUTION deeply denticulate and wit.h one large lateral tooth; ultimate spine of incisor process not much stouter than Off southeastern Tasmania, 49°45 '36"S 152°36' 12"E, others, but the two distal spines of left Md with median 4304 m. spm; second atiicle of palp long and nanow, slightly longer than first and significantly longer than third (ratio REMARKS length article one I article two = 0.88); mticle one 5.23 x as long as wide; article two with setae near tip and one Liljeborgia abyssotypica n. sp. is morphologically seta on 0.62 of its length, 7.00 x as long as wide; article similar to L. bythiana n. sp. and L. permacra n. sp. See three 5.88 x as long as wide, 0.60 x as long as article identification key. two. Mx 1: second article of palp with 2 setae on upper margin, 5 long and rather slender spines on ventral and apical margin, and 6 facial setae; outer plate with 9 denticulate spines; inner plate with 2 well developed setae on tip. Mx2: outer plate with 3 widely spaced setae on upper '' Shelf and abyssal Liljeborgia of the Southern Ocean 53 margin; setae of Mx2 not very numerous, of normal long) on posterior border; propodus with 3 groups of slenderness and those of inner plate rather short. setae (of which the two last ones consist of long ones) Mxp: article one ofpalp with 2 well developed distal followed by a pair of distal spinules (length of longest outer dorsal setae, article two without non distal setae propodal seta about 2.28 x width of propodus) on on outer margin; article three with two pairs of strong posterior border; anterior border of propodus without dorsal setae+ 2 isolated setae on anterior border, article setae except distomedial group of long setae. four (dactylus) stout, with anterior margin distinctly P4: coxa of normal proportions (1.16 x. ~s long curved and posterior margin nearly straight and 0. 76 x as as wide), with anterior and posterior border slightly long as article three; outer plate with 12 widely spaced, diverging downwards, with anterior border straight, stout short spines and 6 to 9 spiniform medio-ventral with ventral border distinctly and regularly convex, with setae at the same level as spines or more proximally; posterior border straight, with 1 truly tiny anteroventral inner plates with 4 to 5 anterior spines (which are rather notch and 2 well developed posterior teeth; mems 1. 73 long) and 7 to 9 marginal and submarginal strong and x as long as carpus (i.e. carpus shmt) and 1.32 x as not very long setae. long as propodus (i.e. propodus short); dactylus well Gn 1: coxa triangular, with posterior border barely developed, slender and strongly curved, 0.89 x as long concave, with posterior notch and only a trace of anterior as carpus and 0.68 x as long as propodus; mems with 3 notch; mems with 2 groups of setae, with distal tooth; isolated setules (last one in distal position) on posterior carpus process with 7 groups of setae; tip of carpus border, without setule on middle of anterior border; reaching 0.18 of propodus, separated from propodal carpus with a median pair of well developed setae group of strong spines by distinct space; propodus 1.97 followed by a distal group of 3 setae (of which one is x as long as wide; group of spines (reduced to a single long) on posterior border; propodus ~~th 3 groups of rather short spine) on the proximal 0.32 of propodus; long setae followed by a pair of distal spinules (length palm ·border forming a regular cw-ve, without teeth, oflongest propodal seta about 2.55 x width ofpropodus) with rather well spaced, small hooked spines (on outer on posterior border; anterior border of propodus without row) (35 hooked outer spines + 1 outer seta in proximal setae except distomedial group of long setae. position); dactylus without teeth. P5: coxa short, with small posterior tooth; basis Gn2: coxa triangulo-elliptic and strongly narrowing narrow (1.95 x as long as wide), with anterior border downwards with normally developed anterior and distinctly convex and posterior border straight; anterior posterior tooth (distance between teeth not so long); border with conical spines (distal angle with pair of mems with 3 groups of sparse setae, with distal tooth; small spines of which the longest one is slightly longer carpus process with 7 well separated groups of setae; than the more proximal spines), posterior border with carpus reaching 0.26 ofpropodus, not reaching propodal only 7 teeth (which are small and widely separated group of strong spines; propodus 1.97 x as long as wide; from each other), distal border produced into a weakly group of spines on the proximal 0.38 of propodus (most protruding, rounded toothless lobe; ischium with distal spine used as reference point); palm border spinule on anterodistal corner; merus with small spines regularly convex; medial setae of palm short, outer on tip of anterior and posterior border and no other border of palm with 31 well developed hooked spines ornamentation (i.e. spination yety reduced); carpus 0.49 + 4 setae); dactylus 0.74 x as long as propodus, with 4 x as long as merus; carpus + propodus 1.03 x as long teeth on proximal 0.25. Gn2 distinctly larger than Gn1; as merus; propodus with 2 anterior groups of one long ratio length Gn2 I length Gnl: 1.26, smface ofpropodus slender spine and one long slender seta; propodal apical ofGn2 I surface ofpropodus ofGnl: 1.58. tuft of setae well developed (1 small spine associated P3: coxa very narrow and elliptic with normally with these setae); dactylus straight and slender, 0.44 x developed anterior and posterior tooth (distance as long as propodus. between teeth not so long); mems 1. 71 x as long as P6: coxa short, with small posterior tooth; basis carpus (i.e. carpus short) and 1.21 x as long as propodus narrow (1.77 x as long as wide), with anterior border (i.e. propodus short); dactylus well developed, slender distinctly convex and posterior border weakly convex; and strongly curved, 0.93 x as long as carpus and 0.67 anterior border with conical spines (distal angle with x as long as propodus; mems with 3 regularly spaced a medium-sized spine, 3 x as long as more proximal groups of 1 or 2 setules (last one in distal position) on ones), posterior border with only 4 teeth in paratype posterior border, without setule on middle of anterior (P6 missing in holotype), distal border produced into border; carpus with a median pair of short setae a protruding, rounded toothless lobe; ischitml with followed by a distal group of 3 setae (of which one is medium-sized spi11e on anterodistal corner; merus with I I 54 C. d'UDEKEM d'ACOZ anterior and posterior small spines (which are isolated each lobe shmt, reaching only 0.32 of outer tooth and except for the anterodistal group which forms a pair); 0.13 x as long as telson; inter-teeth spines shmter than three distal articles missing. outer teeth (reaching 0. 74 of their length); tip of telson P7: coxa short, without posterior tooth; basis rather lobes without setae. narrow (1.59 x as long as wide), with anterior border distinctly convex and posterior border very convex, SIZE anterior border with conical spines (distal angle with a pair of spines ofwhich the longest one is medium-sized, 11 mm. twice as long as the more proximal ones), posterior border with only 6 teeth, distal border produced into a DISTRIBUTION protruding rounded toothless lobe; ischium with small spine on anterodistal corner; merus with well developed Westem Weddell Sea, 65°20'S 051°32'W, 3049-3050 m. anterior and long posterior spines; three distal articles mtssmg. REMARKS Pleonite 1: posterodorsal area produced into 1 small tooth; Ep1 with very small posteroventral. tooth, with L. bythiana n. sp. is morphologically similar to posterior border weakly convex, without setae. L. abyssotypica n. sp. and L. permacra n. sp. (see Pleonite 2: posterodorsal area produced into 1 small key), and it is also superficially similar to L. zarica tooth; Ep2 with slight upper convexity and distinct BARNARD, 1962 from the abyssal depths of the Cape lower concavity, with very small posteroventral tooth. Basin (BARNARD, 1962). However there are cleat-cut Pleonite 3: posterodorsal area produced into 1 small differences between them. In L. zarica, the atiicles tooth; Ep3 with large acute posteroventral tooth (no of the mandibular palp are much ·stouter than in L. notch above tooth), positioned as the same level as bythiana n. sp. The coxa of the fourth pereiopod has no ventral margin, with posterior border straight, oblique teeth in L. zarica, whilst it has 2 well developed teeth and without setules. in L. bythiana n. sp. In L. zarica, the basis of the fifth Urosomite 1 with dorsal border rectilinear, with and seventh pereiopods is significantly broader than in very small posterodorsal tooth pointing backwards; L. bythiana n. sp. In L. zarica, the anterior spines of the ventrolateral border with 1 spine; peduncle of U 1 with basis of the fifth and seventh pereiopods are long and 3 dorsolateral spines: 2 widely spaced very short ones, slender, whilst they are shmt and stout (i.e. normal) in and 1 long and stout distal one, with 3 or 4 (including L. bythiana n. sp. The rami of the third uropod have distal one) well developed dorsomedial spines; no spines in L. zarica, whilst there are 3 spines on the L • ·•11te•· ramus with 3 small outer spines in holotype (2 medial border of the inner ramus in L. bythiana n. sp. In ... parmype) and no medial spines; inner ramus with L. zarica, the telson is cleft to all its length, whilst it is no spi11ec; on outer border and 3 small spines on medial only cleft to 0.7 of its length in L. bythiana n. sp. In L. border i,l holotype (2 in paratype). zarica, the apical telson spines are much longer than the Urosomite 2 with dorsal border rectilinear, with very outer teeth, whilst they are significantly shorter than the small posterodorsal tooth pointing backwards; peduncle outer teeth in L. bythiana n. sp. of U2 with 2 outer dorsal spines: one short on distal 0. 7 and a normally developed one near the tip, with 2 or 3 Liljeborgia chevreuxi SCHELLENBERG, 1931 well developed medial dorsal spines; outer ramus with (Figs 13-18) 2 small outer spines in holotype (1 in parat ype) and no medial spines; inner ramus with no spines on outer Lilljeborgia consanguinea; CHEVREUX, 1913: 125, figs border and 3 small spines on medial border. 25-27 Urosomite 3 without posterolateral tooth on each Lil/jeborgia chevreuxi SCHELLENBERG, 1931: 128 side, with well developed pair of posterodorsal spines; Li/jeborgia sp. 2 D'UDEKEM D' Acoz & ROBERT, 2008: U3 shorter than U1 and almost as long as U2; outer 54 (list) ramus and inner ramus of U3 subequal, peduncle of U3 with 2 isolated medial spines (of which the proximal MATERIAL one is very short); outer ramus of U3 without spines; inner ramus 1.28 x as long as peduncle, without spines ANT-XXIII-8, sta. 728-2, NW Weddell Sea, off on outer side, with 3 small spines on medial side. Dundee lsi. (Paulet lsi.), 63°42.50'S 056°01.84'W to Telson: cleft to 0.70 of its length; medial tooth of 63°42.31 'S 056°02.08'W, 327-331 m, AGT, 24.i.2006,