Sharing Cities Shaping Cities Edited by Giuseppe Salvia, Eugenio Morello and Andrea Arcidiacono Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Urban Science www.mdpi.com/journal/urbansci Sharing Cities Shaping Cities Sharing Cities Shaping Cities SpecialIssueEditors GiuseppeSalvia EugenioMorello AndreaArcidiacono MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade SpecialIssueEditors GiuseppeSalvia EugenioMorello AndreaArcidiacono PolitecnicodiMilano PolitecnicodiMilano PolitecnicodiMilano Italy Italy Italy EditorialOffice MDPI St.Alban-Anlage66 4052Basel,Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal UrbanScience (ISSN 2413-8851) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ urbansci/specialissues/SharingCitiesShapingCities). Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas indicatedbelow: LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. 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Contents AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii GiuseppeSalvia,EugenioMorelloandAndreaArcidiacono SharingCitiesShapingCities Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2019,3,23,doi:10.3390/urbansci3010023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JacquiAlexander DomesticityOn-Demand: TheArchitecturalandUrbanImplicationsofAirbnbinMelbourne, Australia Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,23,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030088 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 MarkHammond SpatialAgency: CreatingNewOpportunitiesforSharingandCollaborationinOlderPeople’s Cohousing Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,64,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030064 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 GiacomoDuranteandMargheritaTurvani Coworking,theSharingEconomy,andtheCity:WhichRoleforthe‘CoworkingEntrepreneur’? Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,83,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030083 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 MinaAkhavan,IlariaMariotti,LisaAstolfiandAnnapaolaCanevari CoworkingSpacesandNewSocialRelations:AFocusontheSocialStreetsinItaly Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2019,3,2,doi:10.3390/urbansci3010002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 MayoFusterMorellandRicardEspelt A Framework for Assessing Democratic Qualities in Collaborative Economy Platforms: Analysisof10CasesinBarcelona Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,61,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030061 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 AfifFathullahandKatharineS.Willis EngagingtheSenses:ThePotentialofEmotionalDataforParticipationinUrbanPlanning Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,98,doi:10.3390/urbansci2040098 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 YiyunSun SharingandRiding:HowtheDocklessBikeSharingSchemeinChinaShapestheCity Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,68,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030068 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 GiovanniVecchio ProducingOpportunitiesTogether: Sharing-BasedPolicyApproachesforMarginalMobilities inBogota´ Reprintedfrom:UrbanScience2018,2,54,doi:10.3390/urbansci2030054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 v About the Special Issue Editors Giuseppe Salvia is a research fellow at Politecnico di Milano, with a Ph.D. in Design. He is mainly interested in the way socio-technical innovations reconfigure practices and routines in ordertounderstandanddevelopstrategiesfortransitioningtowardsmoresustainablepatternsof consumptionandproduction. Hehasbeeninvestigatingcontemporaryphenomenarelatedtothe sharing economy; collaborative consumption; energy use; making, repair, fabbing, and DIY; and the acquisition and development of skills. Methodologically, Giuseppe uses ethnographical and co-designtoolstoexplorehowsocio-technicalinnovationsandpracticesoccurandevolve. Hehas also collaborated on research projects focusing on design strategies for sustainable consumption, life cycle assessment, bio-inspired design approaches, materials innovation and sensory qualities. Giuseppe also teaches undergraduate and postgraduate courses in schools of product design and urbanstudies.Heisthe(co-)authorofover50publications,anorganizerofinternationalconferences andevents. EugenioMorelloisanarchitectbyeducation,anassociateprofessorofurbandesignatPolitecnico diMilano,andacoordinatorandresearchscientistoftheLaboratoriodiSimulazioneUrbanaFausto Curti, attheDepartmentofArchitectureandUrbanStudies. Since2017, hehasbeentheRector’s Delegate for environmental sustainability and he is responsible for institutional projects aimed towardsdevelopingasustainablecampus. HeistheprincipalinvestigatoroftheEuropeanH2020 projectsfortheco-designofnature-basedsolutionsandnovelurbanservicesinMilan. Since2015, hehasservedasamemberoftheboardoftheUrbanPlanning,Design,andPolicyPh.D.program. He is an instructor of the design studio ‘Energy and Urban Planning’, on energy transition and urbanresiliencesolutions. Hisresearchinterestissituatedattheintersectionofurbandesignand environmentalqualityandclimatedesign. Heinvestigatestheintegrationofenvironmentalaspects andenergytransitionsolutionsaimingtowardstheclosingofenergyandmaterialcyclesatthelocal scale. Morerecently,hisresearchworkhasdevelopednewinsightsintothetopicsofcollaborative consumptionandthesharingsocietyandhowthesenewparadigmscaninformurbanplanningand urbandesignandco-design. Andrea Arcidiacono is an associate professor and member of the board of the Ph.D. programme inUrbanPlanning,DesignandPolicyUPDPattheDepartmentofArchitectureandUrbanStudies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano. He is the vice-president of the National Institute of Planning (INU),directoroftheLabPPTE—Plans, Landscape, Territories, andEcosystemattheDAStU,and scientific director of the national Land Take Research Centre (CRCS). He is a member of the editorial board of the Italian Journal “Urbanistica”. His research interests include urban planning anddesign;landscapeplanning;openspacesdesign;ecosystemanalysisandnature-basedsolutions forspatialplanning;andpoliciesforlandtakelimitation.HeistheDAStUprincipalinvestigatorof theEuropeanprogrammeLIFE2014-2020‘EuropeanProgrammefortheEnvironmentandClimate Action’(LIFE2017),involvedinthethree-yearfundingprogramme: ‘SOIL4LIFE’,theprojectleader oftheDAStU-POLIMIresearchgroupforstudiesandresearchestosupportthedesignofthenew LombardyRegionalLandscapePlanPPR,scientificdirectorfortheresearchactivitiesfundedthrough aregionalcompetitivebidbyFondazioneCariplo2014. Heisthe(co-)authorofover100scientific publications. vii Editorial Sharing Cities Shaping Cities GiuseppeSalvia* ,EugenioMorelloandAndreaArcidiacono DepartmentofArchitectureandUrbanStudies(DAStU),PolitecnicodiMilano,20158Milano,Italy; [email protected](E.M.);[email protected](A.A.) * Correspondence:[email protected] Received:31January2019;Accepted:20February2019;Published:22February2019 1.Contemporary‘Shapring’:HowisSharingShapingUrbanPracticesandDynamics? Inrecentyears,‘sharingcities’hasspreadglobally,startingin2012whenSeouldeclareditsintent topursuesharingeconomystrategies[1].Othercitiesthenfollowed,includingAmsterdam,Boulder, andRiodeJaneiro.Theirpursuitstobecomesharingcitiesalsointendedtofacemajorcontemporary urbanchallenges,includingglobalurbanization[2]andresourcedepletion[3].Sharingcitiesmakeuse of(oftensmart)technologiestoconnectalargernumberofuserstoidlingassets,hencetobe‘shared’by awiderpopulation,ratherthanbeingindividuallyowned.Withinthistrend,assetsthataretypically sharedincludevehiclesandrides,bedroomsandaccommodation,aswellastoolsandcompetences. Environmental,socialandbusinessadvantagesareenvisagedbymany[4–6],oftenleadingto significantfinancialinvestmentsbyindustries,publicbodiesandinternationalorganizations.Sharing citiesisalocutionwhichhasemergedtoexpressthemarriageofthesharingeconomyinurban areas[7–9]. DavidsonandInfranca[10]describeurbanconditionsasfundamentalforthevalue propositionoftheinnovativeelementsofthecurrentsharinghype. Thephysicalandsocialconfigurationofacityshapesthewayinwhichsharingtakesplace:size andtypeoffabric,mobilityandaccessibility,availabilityofpublicspaces,socialnorms,habitsand traditionsand,therefore,theunitofanalysis. Viceversa,howsharingshapes—ratherthanbeing shapedby—urbanfeaturesmayapplylikewiseand,inourview,deservesattentiontoreflectuponthe changesthatthecontemporarysharing-basedpracticesmaybringabout. Cities are complex systems, crossed and shaped by flows of both material and immaterial resources. Sharingpracticesareimpactingonthehumanconnectionsandrelationshipstoassets, shiftingfromownership-basedtoaccess-basedapproaches. Itisnotthepracticeofsharingalone thatisnew[11],butratherthedynamicsofnolongerrelyingonpreviouslyformedrelationships withsharers([9],p. 88),thusexpandingthenetworkofinteractionstogeographicallydistributed ‘strangers’[12].Thetypesofconnectionsbetweenengagedactorsareshiftingfrommoretraditional dyadic forms (i.e., one-to-one) towards polyadic (i.e., one-to-many) or even rhizomatic patterns (i.e.,many-to-many)[13,14].Also,inourview,thesepatternsofspreadconnectivityrepresentakey elementofthe‘sharing’trend,i.e.,thefacilitatedaccesstoamultitudeofdistributedassets,resources andpeople.Allthiswillhavestrongimplicationsintransformingcitiesinthenearfuture;thisurban transitionisgoingtotakeplaceregardlessofurbanplanningpracticesandtop-downdecisionmaking. Itisthesoleresponsibilityofurbanplannerstorecognizethenewdesignchallengesofferedbythe sharingsocietyandturnthemintoopportunitiesforregeneratingurbanspace. ThisSpecialIssueintendstocontributetowardsthisdirection,i.e.,scopingtheimplicationsof sharinginshapingtheurbancontext,adynamicwecall‘shapring’forconvenience.Tothisend,acall forcontributionstoaresearchsymposiumwaslaunchedtorespondtoresearchquestionsregarding: • Urbanfabric:Howis‘sharing’shapingcities?Doesitrepresentaparadigmshiftwithtangible andphysicalreverberationsonurbanform?Howaresharedmobility,work,inhabiting,energy, andfoodprovisionsreconfiguringtheurbanandsocialfabric? UrbanSci.2019,3,23;doi:10.3390/urbansci3010023 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/urbansci