Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys This volume gives Asia’s Shakespeares the critical, theoretical, and political space they demand, offering rich, alternative ways of think- ing about Asia, Shakespeare, and Asian Shakespeare based on Asian experiences and histories. Challenging and supplementing the dominant critical and theoretical structures that determine Shakespeare studies today, close analysis of Shakespeare’s Asian journeys, critical encoun- ters, cultural geographies, and the political complexions of these nego- tiations reveal perspectives different to the European. Exploring what Shakespeare has done to Asia along with what Asia has done with Shakespeare, this book demonstrates how Shakespeare helps articulate Asianess, unfolding Asia’s past, reflecting Asia’s present, and projecting Asia’s future. This is achieved by forgoing the myth of Bard’s universal- ity, bypassing the authenticity test, avoiding merely descriptive or even ethnographic accounts, and using caution when applying Western theo- retical frameworks. Many of the productions studied in this volume are brought to critical attention for the first time, offering new methodol- ogies and approaches across disciplines including history, philosophy, sociology, geopolitics, religion, postcolonial studies, psychology, trans- lation theory, film studies, and others. The volume explores a range of examples, from exquisite productions infused with ancient aesthetic traditions to popular teen manga and television drama, from state- dictated appropriations to radical political commentaries in areas including Japan, India, Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, China, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This book goes beyond a showcasing of Asian adapta- tions in various languages, styles, and theater traditions, and beyond introductory essays intended to help an unknowing audience appreciate Asian performances, developing a more inflected interpretative dialogue with other areas of Shakespeare studies. Bi-qi Beatrice Lei is a research fellow at the Research Center for Digital Humanities of National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Judy Celine Ick is Professor in the Department of English and Com- parative Literature of the University of the Philippines and a part-time faculty member of the Interdisciplinary Studies Department of Ateneo De Manila University, Philippines. Poonam Trivedi is Associate Professor of English at Indraprastha College, University of Delhi, India. This page intentionally left blank Routledge Studies in Shakespeare For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com. 10 Embodied Cognition and Shakespeare’s Theater The Early Modern Body-Mind Edited by Laurie Johnson, John Sutton, and Evelyn Tribble 11 Mary Wroth and Shakespeare Edited by Paul Salzman and Marion Wynne-Davies 12 Disability, Health, and Happiness in the Shakespearean Body Edited by Sujata Iyengar 13 Skepticism and Belonging in Shakespeare’s Comedy Derek Gottlieb 14 Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, and Civic Life The Boundaries of Civic Space Edited by Silvia Bigliazzi and Lisanna Calvi 15 Shakespeare in Hate Emotions, Passions, Selfhood Peter Kishore Saval 16 Shakespeare and Hospitality Ethics, Politics, and Exchange Edited by David B. Goldstein and Julia Reinhard Lupton 17 Shakespeare, Cinema, Counter-Culture Appropriation and Inversion Ailsa Grant Ferguson 18 Shakespeare’s Folly Philosophy, Humanism, Critical Theory Sam Hall 19 Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys Critical Encounters, Cultural Geographies, and the Politics of Travel Edited by Bi-qi Beatrice Lei, Judy Celine Ick, and Poonam Trivedi Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys Critical Encounters, Cultural Geographies, and the Politics of Travel Edited by Bi-qi Beatrice Lei, Judy Celine Ick, and Poonam Trivedi First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data CIP data has been applied for. ISBN: 978-1-138-21336-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-44296-9 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by codeMantra Contents List of Figures xi Acknowledgments xiii Preface: On Memorials xv DENNIS KENNEDY Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys: An Introduction 1 BI-qI BEATRICE LEI PART I Re-Defining the Field of Asian Shakespeare 1 The Augmentation of the Indies: An Archipelagic Approach to Asian and Global Shakespeare 19 JUDY CELINE ICK 2 Shakespeare’s Long Journey to Japan: His Contribution to Her Modernization and Cultural Exchange 37 KAWACHI YOSHIKO 3 Unraveling Hamlet’s Spiritual and Sexual Journeys: An Inter-critical Detour via the Gita and Gandhi 55 POONAM TRIvEDI 4 Shakespeare’s Asian Journey or “White Mask, Black Handkerchief”: A Case Study for Translation Theory in Miyagi Satoshi’s “Mugen-Noh” Othello and Omar Porras’s “Bilingual” Romeo and Juliet 67 TED MOTOHASHI viii Contents PART II Shakespeare and Asian Politics 5 “I May Be Straight, Though They Themselves Be Bevel”: Taiwan’s Early Shakespeare 89 BI-qI BEATRICE LEI 6 The Great General and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme 109 SHEN LIN 7 Political Shakespeare in Korea: Hamlet as a Subversive Cultural Text in the 1980s 123 KIM KANG 8 Hijacking Shakespeare: The Three Faces of Indonesian Julius Caesars 135 MELANI BUDIANTA PART III Shakespeare and Asian Identity 9 Shakespeare as Cultural Capital: Its Rise, Fall, and Renaissance in Philippine Elite Education 159 RICARDO G. ABAD 10 Makyung Titis Sakti: Reflections on Malay Traditional Performance, Culture and the Malay Worldview through an Adaptation of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream 183 NURUL FARHANA LOW BT ABDULLAH AND A.S. HARDY SHAFII 11 A Journeying Shakespeare, or Adjourning Shakespeare: Making (Foreign) Shakespeare in Seoul 199 BROOKE A. CARLSON Contents ix PART IV Asian Shakespeare and Pop Culture 12 Pleasurable Errors and Erroneous Pleasures: Renegotiating Shakespearean Romance in Three Indian Films 219 PAROMITA CHAKRAvARTI 13 “The Very Basics for All of Us”: Fragments of Shakespeare in Japanese Anime and Manga 239 MINAMI RYUTA List of Contributors 255 Index of Shakespeare’s Plays 259 Subject Index 263