SHAKESPEARE A Study and Research Guide ~~~ SHAKESPEARE A Study and Research Guide ~~~ David M. Bergeron M. Thomas Inge, General Editor M © St. Martin's Press, Inc., New York, 1975 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1975978-0-333-19387-7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. First published in the United States of America 1975 First published in the United Kingdom 1976 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York, Dublin, Melbourne, Johannesburg and Madras ISBN 978-0-333-19388-4 ISBN 978-1-349-15717-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15717-4 This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement. The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, or hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Preface The purpose of this book is to provide for the student or general reader beginning a serious study of Shakespeare's works an overview of the development and present state of Shakespeare scholarship and the variety of possible critical approaches; an introduction to the most useful research resources-bibliographies, periodicals, mono graphs, and reference books; and a practical guide and model for the preparation of research papers. I know that as a student I would have bene6ted from such a book, and I believe that it will make a part of my task as a teacher somewhat easier. By charting a course to the major critics and scholars and the most important resources, I have tried to bring some coherence out of the immense and often confusing body of material that confronts the beginning student. But I hope I have managed also to convey something of the excitement that arises from dealing with materials as rieh and various, and problems as controversial, as those that abound in the world of Shakespeare studies. A word of waming seems in order here. If readers of this book may draw some assurance from the knowledge that the author has examined every book discussed and made his own assessments, they should also be aware that one critic's subjective judgment is always at work. Any attempt to produce a book on Shakespeare must strike fear into even the boldest, and I am no exception. A number of people have been kind enough to take an interest in this project and to offer valuable information and suggestions. Professor Maurice Chamey of Rutgers University read the entire manuscript, and Professor Je anne Addison Roberts of American University read much of it; both offered helpful criticism and pro vided useful bibliographical information. I am grateful as weIl to Professor M. Thomas loge of Virginia Commonwealth University for his assistance in guiding the work to completion. The short comings of the book are, of course, my own. Additionally, I wish to thank the staffs of the University of New Orleans Library and the Folger Shakespeare Ubrary for their unfailing helpfulness. And special thanks are due my student Louis Quarles, who kindly let me use his paper as a model research paper and aIlowed me to make a few revisions in it. By rights this book is dedicated to aIl of my students. Their ques tions and insights have greatly expanded my understanding of Shakespeare. In incalculable ways they have enriched my life. DAvm M. BERGERON Contents CHAPTER ONE The Su1:ject in Context 1 Criticism in Shakespeare's Time 2 The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 3 The Twentieth Century 4 Shakespeare in the Classroom 5 Some Critical Approaches 6 Historical Criticism 7 Genre Criticism 9 Analyses of Language and Imagery 10 Tbe Study of Character 11 Psychological Criticism 12 Thematic and Mythic Criticism 13 Textual Criticism 14 Major Scholars and Critics 15 Tbe Future of Shakespearean Studies 20 CHAPTER TWO A Guide to the Resources 23 Bibliography and Reference Guides 24 Literary Histories 32 Editions 36 Studies in the Genres 39 Comedies 40 Histories 55 Tragedies 64 Sonnets 81 Studies of Groups and Movements 86 The History of Criticism 86 Shakespeare's Language 89 T extual Criticism 91 Theatrical Criticsm 94 Interdisciplinary Studies 100 Music 100 Culture 103 Sources 106 Journals 109 Biographical Studies 111 CHAPTER THREE The Research Paper 115 Selecting a T opic 117 Developing a Topic 119 Preparing a Working Bibliography 120 Taking Notes 121 Outlining the Paper 123 Writing the Paper 125 Documentation: Footnotes and Bibliography 126 Plagiarism 131 Model Research Paper 132 SOME USEFUL DEFINITIONS 141 INDEX OF AUTHORS 143 SHAKESPEARE A Study and Research Guide ~~~ The following is a list of play abbreviations used in this book. Much Ado Much Ado About Romeo Romeo and Juliet Nothing Taming Taming of the Shrew Antony Antony and Cleopatra Two Gentlemen Two Gentle- All's Well All's WeIl That men of Verona Ends WeIl Timon Timon oE Athens JC Julius Caesar Titus Titus Andronicus John King John Tempest The Tempest Love's Labour's Love's Labour's TN Twelfth Night Lost Troilus Troilus and Cressida Lear King Lear Merry Wives Merry Wives of Measure Measure for Measure Windsor Midsummer AMidsummer Winter's Tale The Winter's Night's Dream Tale Merchant Merchant of Venice The following is a list oE standard play abbreviations used in most bibliog raphies. Ado Much Ado About Nothing MM Measure for Measure Ant Antony and Cleopatra MND AMidsummer Night's AWW AIl's Well That Ends Dream WeIl MV Merchant of Venice AYL As You Like It Oth Othello Cor Coriolanus Per Pericles C"m Cymbeline R2 Richard 11 E" Comedy of Errors R3 Richard III Ham Hamlet Rom Romeo and Juliet IH4 1 Henry IV Shr Taming of the Shrew 2H4 2 Henry IV TGV Two Gentlemen oE H5 Henry V Verona IH6 1 Henry VI Tim Timon oE Athens 2H6 2 Henry VI Tit Titus Andronicus 3H6 3 Henry VI Tmp The Tempest H8 Henry VIII Tro Troilus and Cressida Jn King John Wiv Merry Wives oE Windsor LLL Love's Labour's Lost WT The Winter's Tale Lr King Lear