SSSSSSSSSSSSSSeeeeeeeeeeeeeexxxxxxxxxxxxxxiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnngggggggggggggg SSSSSeeeeexxxxxiiiiinnnnnggggg RReelliiggiioonn Kalbian Sexing the ““AAlliinnee HH.. KKaallbbiiaann’’ss SSeexxiinngg tthhee CChhuurrcchh iiss aa wwoonnddeerrffuull bbooookk tttttthhhhhhaaaaaatttttt ggggggiiiiiivvvvvveeeeeessssss uuuuuussssss aaaaaa ffffffrrrrrreeeeeesssssshhhhhh aaaaaannnnnngggggglllllleeeeee ooooooffffff vvvvvviiiiiissssssiiiiiioooooonnnnnn oooooonnnnnn mmmmmmooooooddddddeeeeeerrrrrrnnnnnn RRRRRRoooooommmmmmaaaaaannnnnn ttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeee tttthhhheeee CCCCCCaaaaaatttttthhhhhhoooooolllllliiiiiicccccc tttttteeeeeeaaaaaacccccchhhhhhiiiiiinnnnnngggggg aaaaaabbbbbboooooouuuuuutttttt sssssseeeeeexxxxxx,,,,,, mmmmmmaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiaaaaaaggggggeeeeee,,,,,, ggggggeeeeeennnnnnddddddeeeeeerrrrrr rrrrrreeeeeellllllaaaaaattttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnnsssssshhhhhhiiiiiippppppssssss,,,,,, SS aaannnddd rrreeeppprrroooddduuuccctttiiiooonnn... 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MMMMMMMMMMiiiiiiiiiilllllllllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrr,,,,,,,,,, DDDDDDDDDDiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeccccccccccttttttttttoooooooooorrrrrrrrrr,,,,,,,,,, PPPPPPPPPPooooooooooyyyyyyyyyynnnnnnnnnntttttttttteeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrr CCCCCCCCCCeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnntttttttttteeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrr ffffffffffoooooooooorrrrrrrrrr tttttttttthhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeee S CCCCCCCCChhhhhhhhhuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrccccccccchhhhhhhhh ii CCCCChhhhhuuuuurrrrrccccchhhhh SSttuuddyy ooff EEtthhiiccss aanndd AAmmeerriiccaann IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss e nn x igg Gender, Power, and Ethics in Contemporary Catholicism n TThhiiss bbooookk ttaakkeess uupp oonnee ooff tthhee ““hhoott bbuuttttoonn”” iissssuueess iinn ccoonntteemmppoorraarryy g CCaatthhoolliicciissmm:: tthhee rreegguullaattiioonn ooff hhuummaann sseexxuuaalliittyy.. AA cceennttrraall ttooppiicc ooff tt pppuuubbbllliiiccc cccooonnnvvveeerrrsssaaatttiiiooonnn aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee CCCaaattthhhooollliiiccc CCChhhuuurrrccchhh,,, iiittt iiisss aaalllsssooo aaa ccceeennntttrrraaalll t hh ttooppiicc iinn CCaatthhoolliicc tthheeoollooggiiccaall ddiissccuussssiioonnss ooff rreelliiggiioouuss eetthhiiccss.. TThhee h strong link between sexual morality and church authority is fortifi ed eee by Catholic attitudes about order and gender. Sexing the Church C explores this profound connection as it applies to offi cial Catholic hCC teachings on marriage, reproduction, and gender. This book traces the notion of order through a signifi cant body of religious writing on uhh morality. It explores order as refl ected in the theology of marriage, r cuu the challenge to that order in the second half of the twentieth century h through the debates on contraception and assisted reproduction, and rr the way attitudes about gender in Catholicism connect theological cc and moral order with ecclesiastical order. hh ALINE H. KALBIAN is Assistant Professor of Religion at Florida State University. Cover image courtesy Den Haag, Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, 10 B 23, folio 330v http://iupress.indiana.edu 1-800-842-6796 INDIANA Aline H. Kalbian SEXING THE CHURCH . ALINE H KALBIAN SEXING THE CHURCH , , GENDER POWER AND ETHICS IN CONTEMPORARY CATHOLICISM indiana university press Bloomington&Indianapolis Thisbookisapublicationof IndianaUniversityPress 601NorthMortonStreet Bloomington,IN47404-3797USA http://iupress.indiana.edu Telephoneorders 800-842-6796 Faxorders 812-855-7931 Ordersbye-mail [email protected] (cid:1)2005byAlineH.Kalbian Allrightsreserved Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopyingandrecording, orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. TheAssociationofAmericanUniversityPresses’ ResolutiononPermissionsconstitutestheonly exceptiontothisprohibition. Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetsthe minimumrequirementsofAmericanNationalStandard forInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperfor PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48-1984. ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Kalbian,AlineH.,date– Sexingthechurch:gender,power,andethicsincontemporary Catholicism/AlineH.Kalbian. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences(p. )andindex. ISBN0-253-21750-4(pbk.:alk.paper)—ISBN0-253-34530-8(cloth:alk. paper) 1. Sex—Religiousaspects—CatholicChurch. I. Title. BX1795.S48K362005 241'.66'088282—dc22 2004015475 1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07 06 05 With gratitude To my parents Ada Haddad Kalbian and Vicken Vahan Kalbian ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1 ORDER AND SEXUAL ETHICS 1 2 THEOLOGY AND MARRIAGE 21 3 REPRODUCTION 55 CONTENTS 4 GENDER 94 5 CONCLUSION 134 NOTES 143 BIBLIOGRAPHY 157 INDEX 163 It was my good fortune as I was writing this book to have the un- waveringsupportof friends, family,andcolleagues.Infact,Istillhave to pinch myself sometimes at this abundance. I am grateful to them all. JohnKelsay,mycolleague,friend,andchairmanintheDepartment ofReligionatFloridaStateUniversityhasbeenmygreatestchampion overthepastfiveyears.Inadditiontoallowingmethetimeandspace topursuemywork,hehasalsoreadmostofthismanuscriptandgiven me helpful input and advice at every step of the process. Margaret Morhmann, George Randels, and James Turner Johnson allreadandcommentedonearlydraftsofthismanuscript.Iappreciate the time and effort they took to do so. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All of my colleagues in the Department of Religion, especially Shannon Burkes, John Corrigan, Bryan Cuevas, KathleenErndl,Da- vid Kangas, Martin Kavka, Amy Koehlinger, David Levenson, Amanda Porterfield, Leo Sandon, and Barney Twiss, have helped me in countless ways—walking to get coffee, advising me on the ins and outs of the publishing world, or just helping me keep things in per- spective with their good humor. I will be forever grateful for the wonderful intellectual environment they provide. I also want to ac- knowledge my graduate students, whose insights and comments helped me shape many of the ideas in this book. Many friends supported me through the writing of this book. I wanttomentionespeciallyJeffTatum,CathyLevenson,JimandEllen Shelton, Lois Shepherd, Sheila Curran, Inese Radzins, Richard Brown, and Tracy Fessenden. As I worked on this project, two of my teachers from graduate school, Jim Childressand David Little, wereneverfarfrommymind. From both of them I learned about integrity and scholarlyrigor.Iam always thankful for all they taught me. They both continue to in- spire me. I have also benefited throughout from the continual love and sup-