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Tocqueville’s Virus Utopia and Dystopia in Western Social and Political Thought Mark Featherstone RRTT0066552288__CC000000..iinndddd iiiiii 88//2299//22000077 77::2244::4422 PPMM RRTT0066552288__CC000000..iinndddd iivv 88//2299//22000077 77::2244::4422 PPMM Sex Research and Sex Therapy A Sociological Analysis of Masters and Johnson Ross Morrow New York London RRTT0066552288__CC000000..iinndddd vv 88//2299//22000077 77::2244::4422 PPMM Routledge Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue 2 Park Square New York, NY 10016 Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2008 by Ross Morrow Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-415-40652-9 (Hardcover) Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Morrow, Ross, 1962- Sex research and sex therapy : a sociological analysis of Masters and Johnson / Ross Morrow. p. ; cm. -- (Routledge advances in sociology ; 32) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-40652-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Masters, William H. Human sexual response. 2. Masters, William H. Human sexual inadequacy. 3. Johnson, Virginia E. 4. Sex (Biology)--Research--United States--History--20th century. 5. Sex therapy--Research--United States--History--20th century. 6. Sexology--Research--United States--History--20th century. 7. Sex (Biology)--Social aspects--United States. 8. Sex therapy--Social aspects--United States. 9. Sexology--Social aspects--United States. I. Title. II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Masters, William H. Human sexual response. 2. Masters, William H. Human sexual inadequacy. 3. Johnson, Virginia E. 4. Sexology. 5. Research Design. 6. Sexual Behavior. 7. Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological. 8. Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological. HQ 21 M883s 2007] QP251.M67 2007 612.6072--dc22 2007009902 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Routledge Web site at http://www.routledge.com RRTT0066552288__CC000000..iinndddd vvii 88//2299//22000077 77::2244::4422 PPMM Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 The Sociology of Sex in Historical Perspective 7 3 Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality 49 4 Masters and Johnson’s Research on Human Sexual Response 75 5 A Critique of Masters and Johnson’s Model of the Human Sexual Response Cycle 97 6 A Critique of Masters and Johnson’s Concept and Classifi cation of Sexual Dysfunction 115 7 A Critique of Masters and Johnson’s Sex Therapy Program 143 8 Conclusion 175 References 181 Index 197 vii RRTT0066552288__CC000000aa..iinndddd vviiii 99//66//22000077 1100::0022::3344 AAMM RRTT0066552288__CC000000aa..iinndddd vviiiiii 99//66//22000077 1100::0033::0000 AAMM Acknowledgments Most of the research for this book occurred while I was working at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales. This was during a time of sub- stantial decline in relative public funding of Australian universities despite healthy federal budget surpluses. This decline of funding was compounded by the well-publicised fi nancial diffi culties of the university itself. The declining funds and the resulting squeeze on academic labour, not sur- prisingly, led to many adverse consequences, including the loss of time for research, refl ection and writing. This undoubtedly delayed the research for this book which was not completed until I left the university in 2005. Given the diffi cult gestation of the research, I am particularly grateful to those people who kindly helped and supported me during this time. Rachel Sharp has been a wonderful mentor, friend and supporter who believed in this project all the way through and who kindly gave me assis- tance whenever I needed it. She was particularly helpful with some of the more diffi cult issues that came up. Mervyn Hartwig and Caroline New both made helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. They, along with Rachel, have been most supportive colleagues and friends. Together, they also exposed me to an engaging and stimulating intellectual milieu outside my university environment. This has enlivened my inter- ests and imagination, deepened my knowledge and sharpened my critical skills. My friend and colleague Peter Khoury has been an unfailing source of support, encouragement, good ideas and sagely advice. He also read and gave valuable feedback on key parts of the manuscript. Without his kind assistance this book would not have been produced and I owe him more than I can say here. Robert Irvine generously and frequently passed on references and research material he came across while trawling through the research literature. He was a supportive friend and colleague and a criti- cal interlocutor with me about many issues. Karen McLeod gave patient, cheerful and invaluable assistance in typing, formatting and revising the original manuscript. ix RRTT0066552288__CC000000aa..iinndddd iixx 99//66//22000077 1100::0033::0000 AAMM