Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4597 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4597 Taxonomic Paper Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica AJFleming‡, D. MontyWood‡, DanielJanzen§, WinnieHallwachs§, M. AlexSmith| ‡ Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada § University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America | Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, Canada Corresponding author: AJFleming ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pierfilippo Cerretti Received: 26 Jan 2015 | Accepted: 20 Mar 2015 | Published: 25 Mar 2015 Citation: Fleming A, Wood D, Janzen D, Hallwachs W, Smith M (2015) Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4597. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4597 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:755F43C1-077B-4597-B1FF-75B75990BAEA Abstract We describe seven new species of Spathidexia(Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. All were reared from various species of ACG caterpillars during an ongoing inventory of caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids. By coupling morphology, photographic documentation, life history and molecular data, we provide a clear and concise description of each species. All are knowntobepreviouslyundescribedasaresultofacomprehensivestudyofthegenusby DMW. Spathidexia atripalpus sp. n., Spathidexia juanvialesi sp. n., Spathidexia marioburgosi sp. n., Spathidexia luisrobertogallegosi sp. n., Spathidexia luteola sp. n., Spathidexia hernanrodriguezi sp. n. and Spathidexia aurantiaca sp. n. are all authored anddescribedbyFlemingandWood.MinthodexiopsisTownsendisproposedbyWoodas a new synonym of Spathidexia. A new combination proposed by Wood as a result of the new synonymy is S.flavicornis (Brauer & Bergenstamm) comb. n. © Fleming A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Fleming A et al. Keywords Spathidexia,Diptera,Tachinidae,tropicalrainforest,tropicaldryforest,parasitoidfly,host- specificity, caterpillars. Introduction The tachinid genus SpathidexiaTownsend 1912 is a small New World genus in the tribe Thelairini of the Dexiinae (Diptera, Tachinidae) (O’Hara and Wood 2004). Thelairini is classified as a small cosmopolitan tribe characterized by: an abdominal mid-dorsal depression that does not reach the hind margin of Tergite1+2, bare eyes, plumose antennae,andbearing3pairsofmarginalscutellarsofwhichtheapicalsareoftencrossed (Crosskey1984,Mesnil1939).ThetribeThelairiniisknowntooccurfromHesperiidae,and Arctiidae(Arnaud1978).ThenameSpathidexiaisderivedfromtheLatinterm"spatha",in reference to the females' blade-like ovipositor. Males and females within this genus are sometimes strongly dimorphic with only the females possessing proclinate orbital bristles, or distinctive abdominal coloration and pattern. A complete description of the generic characters was given by Arnaud (1960) (we provide a diagnosis and description of the genus based on this work). The genus Spathidexia was erected for a female specimen caught at Melrose Highlands, Mass., in 1908, collected by Mr. D.H. Clemons. The type species Spathidexia clemonsi Townsend was named after the original collector of the specimen. The genus remained monotypic until Reinhard 1934 added Spathidexia cerussata Reinhard and Spathidexia rasilis Reinhard. Arnaud (1960) built on this and raised the number of species to nine, in addition to providing a hint on its biology and extendedthegenericdistributionwellintotheNeotropics.TodayweknowthatSpathidexia contains 17 nominal species, ranging throughout much of the New World, although specimens are still somewhat rare in collections. Wood and Zumbado (2010) attributed sevenspeciestoSpathidexialivingnorthofMexicoand12representedintheNeotropics, with only minimal known overlap between their distributions. This work aims to build on the existing knowledge and describes seven new species of Spathidexia,allrearedfromcaterpillarscollectedinACG.Infact,allspeciesofSpathidexia rearedinACGhavebeenfoundtobeundescribedspecies.Thesespeciesarerecognized basedondifferencesinexternalmorphology,andCOI(coxIorcytochromeoxidaseI)gene sequences(a.k.a.“DNAbarcodes”).BycouplingCOIdatawithmorphologicaldescriptions we are able to show that abdominal markings are not only different between males and females but are also consistent within a species. As such, they are ideal tools for visual species differentiation. The treatments reported here is focused on placing names on the species reared from ACG, thereby preparing them for later detailed ecological and behavioral accounts and studies that will normally extend across ACG ecological groups, whole ecosystems, and taxonomic assemblages much larger than a genus. However, all ACGSpathidexiareared Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared ... 3 to date in ACG are parasitoids of monocot-eating caterpillars in the Nymphalidae (Satyrinae) or Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae). Materials and methods Acronyms for depositories BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA INBio Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria MZUT Musei di Zoologia, Università di Torino, Torino, Italia CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Geographic area of the study and rearing intensity All flies and rearing information described here were found by the 35+ year-old ongoing inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids of the dry forest, rain forest, cloud forest, and intergrades, in the 125,000+ ha terrestrial portion of Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica (Fleming et al. 2014a, Flemingetal.2014b,Fernandez-Trianaetal.2014,JanzenandHallwachs2011,Janzenet al. 2009, Janzen et al. 2011, Rodriguez et al. 2012, Smith et al. 2012, Smith et al. 2006, Smithetal.2007,Smithetal.2008).Thetachinidrearingmethodsaredescribedathttp:// janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/methodology/how/parasitoid_husbandry.htm. The data collected through this initiative contains copious information on parasitoid biology and associated hosts. Among the fly parasitoids encountered, the most species-rich, represented by hundreds of species is the family Tachinidae. In brief, caterpillars at all instars (and sometimes pupae) are found in the wild by a wide varietyofsearchmethods,andrearedincaptivityonthefoodplantspeciesonwhichthey were found, until they produce an adult, a parasitoid, or die of other causes. Each caterpillar is documented as an individual, as are the adult parasitic flies. This inventory has reared about 600,000 wild-caught caterpillars since 1978. All frequencies of parasitism reported here need to be considered against this background inventory. Equally, it is patently obvious that the inventory searches some kinds of vegetation and height off the ground much more thoroughly than others, and it also searches throughout the year. Comparison of reared species of parasitoids with those collected by net or Malaise traps demonstrates that, to date, the caterpillar inventory has encountered well less than half the species of caterpillar parasitoids present in ACG. The 4 Fleming A et al. largest unsampled void is the upper foliage of the canopy above about 3–4 m above the ground. Imaging and dissections Ourdescriptionsofnewspeciesaredeliberatelybriefandonlyincludesomedifferentiating descriptions of body parts and colors that are commonly used in tachinid identification. These brief descriptions are complemented with an extensive series of color photos of every species to illustrate the readily-observed differences among these species. Habitus photographs were taken using a Canon T3i digital SLR, using a 65mm Macro PhotoLens1:2.8(MP–E65mm),mountedonamicroscopetrackstand(AmScope,Model: TS200) modified to accept a Manfrotto QR 200PL–14 quick release plate. Images were shotinaperturepriority,allowingthecameratocontrolshutterspeedatf/4.5.Stacksof40 images were taken at equal distance increments. Illumination was provided with a homemade reflective dome (instruction for dome creation can be found at: http:// www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ppd/entomology/Dome/kd–200.html) placed over a 144 LED ringlight (AmScope, Model: LED–144–YK). The photographic series were processed using Photoshop CS6, and digitally stacked with ZereneStackerSoftwarev1.04.Thisproducedafinalcompositeimagemaximizingimage quality and depth of field. The terminology used for components of the terminalia (which refers here only to the sclerotized parts of the genitalia, and not to the soft internal structures) and other body parts, follows Cumming and Wood (2009). Allspecimenslistedasexaminedareconsideredparatypes,exceptfortheholotypewhich is noted separately. Whereveraspecimenlabelhasbeencited,theinformationispresentedusingthefollowing symbols:/,indicatestheendofaline;//,indicatestheendofalabel.Labelsarepresented from top (closest to the specimen) to bottom, with any comments about the label being given in square brackets. Voucher specimen management AllcaterpillarsrearedfromtheACGeffortsreceiveauniquevouchercodeintheformatof yy–SRNP–xxxxx. Any parasitoid emerging from this caterpillar receives the same voucher code, and then if/when later the parasitoid is dealt with individually, it receives a second voucher code unique to it, in the format of DHJPARxxxxxxx. The voucher codes and collateral data assigned to both host and emergent parasitoids are available at http:// janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso. To date, all DHJPARxxxxxxx coded tachinids have had one leg removed for attempted DNA barcoding at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO) at the University of Guelph, with all collateral data and all successful barcodes permanently and publically deposited in the Barcode of Life Data Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared ... 5 System (BOLD, www.boldsystems.org) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), and later migrated to GenBank as well. A neighbor–joining (NJ) tree (Saitou and Nei 1987) for all Spathidexia reared and DNA barcoded by this inventory through 2013 is included as Supplemental Appendix 1. The inventory grows continually and new specimens can be foundbysearchingthegenusSpathidexiainBOLD.Eachbarcodedspecimenalsohasan accession code, all information for the sequences associated with each individual specimen(includingGenBankandBOLDaccession)canberetrievedfromtheBarcodeof Life Data System (BOLD) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) via the publicly available dataset: dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-ASSPATHI. Inventoried Tachinidae were collected under Costa Rican government research permits issuedtoDHJsince1978,andlikewiseexportedunderpermitbyDHJfromCostaRicato Philadelphia, and then to the final depository in the Canadian National Insect collection in Ottawa, Canada. Tachinid identifications for the inventory were done by DHJ in coordination with a) visual inspection by AJF and DMW, b) DNA barcoding by BIO, MAS, and BOLD, and c) correlation with host caterpillar identifications by DHJ and WH through the inventory itself. Dates of capture of each reared fly in the inventory are the dates of eclosion of the fly, and not the date of capture of the caterpillar. This is because the fly eclosiondateismuchmorerepresentativeofthetimewhenthatflyspeciesisonthewing thanisthetimeofcaptureofthecaterpillaror(rarely)findingaparasitizedpupa.However, the collector listed is the parataxonomist who found the caterpillar, rather than the person who retrieved the newly eclosed fly from its rearing bag or bottle, and processed it by freezing, pinning, labeling and oven–drying. Fly biology and degrees of parasitization by these flies will be the detailed subject of later papers. DNA barcoding DNA barcodes (standardised 5’ region of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I (COI) gene) for all ACG inventory specimens were obtained using DNA extracts prepared from single legs using a glass fibre protocol (Ivanova et al. 2006). Total genomic DNA was re- suspendedin30μlofdH O,anda658-bpregionnearthe5’terminusoftheCOIgenewas 2 amplifiedusingstandardprimers(LepF1–LepR1(Hebertetal.2004))followingestablished protocols (Smith et al. 2006, Smith et al. 2007, Smith et al. 2008). Generic synonyms of Spathidexia SpathidexiaTownsend1912:110.Typespecies:SpathidexiaclemonsiTownsend1912,by original designation. Gymnopalpus Townsend 1919b: 172. Type species: Gymnopalpus setipennis Townsend 1919b,byoriginaldesignation.SynonymybyWood1987:1265&O’HaraandWood1998: 755. Minthodexiopsis Townsend 1927: 221. Type species: Minthodexia flavicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm 1891, by original designation. Syn. nov. 6 Fleming A et al. Minthohoughia Townsend 1919a: 581. Type species: Minthohoughia cylindrica Townsend 1919a, by original designation. Synonymy by Guimarães 1971: 95. StenaulacodoriaTownsend1928:161.Typespecies:StenaulacodoriaspatulataTownsend 1928, by original designation. Synonymy by Thompson 1963: 494. Previously described species included in Spathidexia antillensis Arnaud 1960: 6 (Spathidexia). Holotype male (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. brasiliensis Arnaud 1960: 10 (Spathidexia). Holotype male (CAS) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia. cerussata Reinhard 1934: 152 (Spathidexia). Holotype male (CNC) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Ohio, Amherst. cinereicollis van der Wulp 1891: 255 (Thelairodes). Syntypes, 1 headless male, and 1 female (BMNH) [examined by DMW]. Type localities: Female: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula 6000 feet; Male: Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas 9500 feet. Combination established by Townsend 1915: 366, also mentioned as new combination in Guimarães 1971: 95. clemonsi Townsend 1912: 110 (Spathidexia). Holotype female (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Massachusetts, Melrose Highlands. creolensis Reinhard 1955: 131 (Spathidexia). Holotype female (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Florida, Miami. cylindricaTownsend 1919a: 581 (Minthohoughia). Holotype female (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Peru, Lima. Combination established by Guimarães 1971: 95. dictaGiglio-Tos 1893: 5 (Plagia). Holotype male, published as female (MZUT) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Mexico. dunningiiCoquillett1895:54(Thryptocera).LectotypefemalebyfixationofCoquillett1897: 60 (statement “From the type specimen” is regarded as a lectotype fixation); also by designation of Arnaud 1960: 22. (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Illinois, Algonquin. Combination established by Townsend 1915: 366. rasilisReinhard1934:153(Spathidexia).Holotypefemale(CNC)[examinedbyDMW]. Type locality: USA, Wisconsin, Madison. Synonymy with dunningii established by Arnaud 1960: 5, 18. elegansReinhard 1964: 37 (Minthodexiopsis). Holotype male (CNC) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Texas, Cameron Co. Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared ... 7 flavicornis Brauer and Bergenstamm 1891: 376 (Minthodexia). Holotype female (NHMW) [not examined]. Type locality: Venezuela. N. comb. * nexaReinhard1953:94(Spathidexia).Holotypefemale(CNC)[examinedbyDMW].Type locality: Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico. niveomarginatavan der Wulp 1890: 200 (Anisia). Holotype female (BMNH) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula, 6000ft. Combination established by Guimarães 1971: 95. pallida van der Wulp 1891: 255 (Thelairodes). Holotype female (BMNH) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Venta de Zopilote, 2800ft. reinhardi Arnaud 1960: 26 (Spathidexia). Holotype male (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: USA, Texas, College Station. setipennisTownsend 1919b: 172 (Gymnopalpus). Holotype female (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Guatemala, Los Amates. Combination established by Wood 1987: 1265 & O’Hara and Wood 1998: 755. spatulataTownsend 1928: 162 (Stenaulacodoria). Holotype female (USNM) [examined by DMW]. Type locality: Peru, Cañete. Combination by Thompson 1963: 494. *The new combination is proposed by DMW and result from new generic synonymy and the examination of the type material of other nominal species. Type label information is included for those species. Diagnosis of the genus Spathidexia Arnaud 1960 provided a detailed description of the genus Spathidexia. The genus is characterized as follows: small to medium sized, with narrow parafacial, and bare to sparsely haired eyes, lower margin almost at level of vibrissa. Frons moderately wide in both sexes, with a pair of proclinate orbital bristles in both sexes in many species, some males with reclinate orbital bristles in line with frontal bristles. Frontal bristles reaching to middle of second antennal segment. The antennae descend to near the lower facial margin, with the third segment three times longer than the pedicel. First flagellomere in bothsexesparallelsided.Parafacialbareorlightlyhairedalongupperportion.Facialridge strongly divergent, often posessing supravibrissal bristles along facial ridge. Usually with apical and subapical scutellars crossed at their tips, if subapicals not crossed then these are at least strongly convergent. Abdomen lacking discal bristles; female with flattened rectractile ovipositor which is either long and sharply pointed or short and blunt ended. Wing short and broad without unusual modification in tachinid veination. Vein R may be 1 bareorhairedwithveinR haireduptoatleastcrossveinr-m.Itisdifferentfromitssister 4+5 taxonThelairodesbythepresenceof3–4meralbristles,with Thelairodespossessing5or more. 8 Fleming A et al. Taxon treatments Spathidexiaatripalpus Fleming & Wood 2015, sp. n. • ZooBank urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D7D1AFF-015A-48E5-809E-EEA094A3319F Materials Holotype: a. scientificName: Spathidexiaatripalpus; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Spathidexia; specificEpithet: atripalpus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2015; continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; locality: Sector Pitilla; verbatimLocality: Ingas; verbatimElevation: 580; verbatimLatitude: 11.00311; verbatimLongitude: -85.288; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.00311; decimalLongitude: -85.288; samplingProtocol: reared from caterpillar of Magneuptychialibye (Nymphalidae); verbatimEventDate: 19/ Mar/12; individualID: DHJPAR0048611; individualCount: 1; sex: M; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0048611; occurrenceDetails: http:// janzen.sas.upenn.edu; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs; otherCatalogNumbers: 12-SRNP-30227; identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2014; language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen Paratype: a. scientificName: Spathidexiaatripalpus; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Spathidexia; specificEpithet: atripalpus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2015; continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; locality: Sector El Hacha; verbatimLocality: Estacion Los Almendros; verbatimElevation: 290; verbatimLatitude: 11.03226; verbatimLongitude: -85.52776; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.03226; decimalLongitude: -85.52776; samplingProtocol: reared from caterpillar of Pierellapallida (Nymphalidae); verbatimEventDate: 24/Jul/99; individualID: DHJPAR0018619; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0018619; occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs; otherCatalogNumbers: 99-SRNP-2997; identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2014; language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen b. scientificName: Spathidexiaatripalpus; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Spathidexia; specificEpithet: atripalpus; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2015; continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; locality: Sector Pitilla; verbatimLocality: Ingas; verbatimElevation: 580; verbatimLatitude: 11.00311; verbatimLongitude: -85.42041; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.00311; decimalLongitude: -85.42041; samplingProtocol: reared from caterpillar of Pareuptychiaocirrhoe (Nymphalidae); verbatimEventDate: 26/ Jan/12; individualID: DHJPAR0048578; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0048578; occurrenceDetails: http:// janzen.sas.upenn.edu; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs; otherCatalogNumbers: 12-SRNP-33263; identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2014; language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen Seven new species of Spathidexia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared ... 9 Description Male(Fig.1a,b,c),head:Eyebare;frontalvittadarkblack,narrowedapicallytoequal widthoftheocellartriangle,face3timesaswideasfrontalvitta;frontalbristlesariseno lower than level of pedicel; small black hairs lining the margin of the frontal vitta; antenna black; arista black and plumose, trichia at least 4 times as long as width of base of arista, tapering at apex of arista; proclinate orbital bristles absent; parafrontal entirelysilver;parafacialsilver;palpiblackgrey;shortrowofblacksupravibrissalhairs along facial margin. Thorax: greyish-gold when viewed dorsally with four longitudinal black vittae, these becoming fused post-suturally, appearing as two indistinct blotches coveringmorethan2/3rdsofthorax;threepostsuturaldorsocentralbristles;scutellum bearing white or yellowish pruinosity over its entirety (occupying 1/2 or more of total area) darkened along its anterior edge; legs black with silvery sheen on anterior tibia. Wings: pale smoky greyish in color, vein R setose from node up to r-m, R bare. 4+5 1 Abdomen:abdominaltergitesdarkshinyblack,withbrightgoldbandscovering1/3rdor more of the anterior margins of abdominal tergites T3 and T4, these bands wrapping around to the underside of the abdomen. When viewed laterally bright yellow blotches appear along tergites T1+2, T3 and the anterior margin of T4; T3, T4 and T5 possessing medial marginal bristles. Lateral marginal bristles on T1+2. Small black hairs visible over entire body, in particular visible extending from underside of T1+2. Female (Fig. 1d, e, f), head: Frontal vitta dark black, parallel sided apically equal to twice the width of the ocellar triangle, face 3 times as wide as frontal vitta; frontal bristlesarisenolowerthanlevelofpedicel;blackhairsliningthemarginofthefrontal vitta;proclinateorbitalbristlespresent;antennablack;aristablackandplumose,trichia atleast4timesaslongaswidthofbaseofarista,taperingatapexofarista;parafrontal entirely silver; parafacial silvery; palpi black, slightly haired along lower surface; short row of black supravibrissal hairs along facial margin. Thorax: greyish when viewed dorsally with four longitudinal black vittae, these becoming fused post-suturally, appearing as two indistinct blotches covering just more than 2/3 thorax postsuturally; three post sutural dorsocentral bristles; scutellum bearing white or yellowish pruinosity over its ½ of its entirety; legs black with silvery sheen on anterior femur. Wings: pale smoky greyish in color, vein R setose from node up to r-m, R bare. Abdomen: 4+5 1 abdominal tergites dark velvety black, bright grayish bands covering at up to 1/2 of tergal surface along anterior margin of T3 and T4; yellow abdominal band wrapping around the abdomen on the posterior margin of T1+2 visible only when viewed laterally; T3, T4 and T5 possessing medial marginal bristles. Lateral marginal bristles on T1+2. Small black hairs visible over entire body, not as hirsute as males but still present, in particular visible extending from anepimeron, and from underside of T1+2. 10 Fleming A et al. a b c d e f Figure 1. Spathidexiaatripalpussp. n.; male DHJPAR0048611, female DHJPAR0048578 a: male, dorsal. b: male, head. c: male, lateral. d: female, dorsal. e: female, head. f: female, lateral.