Seminars in Clinical Psychopharmacology Third Edition Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:05, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 College Seminars Series FordetailsofavailableandforthcomingbooksintheCollegeSeminarsSeriespleasevisit www.cambridge.org/series/college-seminars-series/ Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:05, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 Seminars in Clinical Psychopharmacology Third Edition Edited by Peter M. Haddad SeniorConsultantPsychiatrist,HamadMedicalCorporation,Doha,Qatar;ClinicalProfessorofPsychiatry,QatarUniversity,Qatar; HonoraryConsultantPsychiatrist,GreaterManchesterMentalHealthNHSFoundationTrust,Manchester,UnitedKingdom;Honorary ProfessorofPsychiatry,UniversityofManchester,UnitedKingdom David J. Nutt EdmondJ.SafraProfessorofNeuropsychopharmacologyandHeadoftheCentreforNeuropsychopharmacology,DivisionofPsychiatry, DepartmentofBrainSciences,ImperialCollegeLondon,UnitedKingdom Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 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ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781911623458 DOI:10.1017/9781911623465 ©TheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists1995,2004,2020 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. ThisbookwaspreviouslypublishedbyTheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists. Firstpublished1995,TheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists Secondedition2004,TheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists ThisthirdeditionpublishedbyCambridgeUniversityPress2020 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Haddad,PeterM.,editor.|Nutt,DavidJ.,1951–editor. Title:Seminarsinclinicalpsychopharmacology/editedbyPeterM.Haddad,DavidJ.Nutt. Othertitles:Collegeseminarsseries. Description:Thirdedition.|NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2020.|Series:College seminarsseries|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2019030912(print)|ISBN9781911623458(paperback)|ISBN9781911623465(epub) Subjects:MESH:PsychotropicDrugs|Psychopharmacology Classification:LCCRM315(print)|LCCRM315(ebook)|NLMQV77.2|DDC615.7/88–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019030912 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019030913 ISBN978-1-911-62345-8Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublicationand doesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ....................................................................................................................................................... Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup-to-dateinformationthatisin accordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors, andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontainedhereinistotallyfreefromerror,not leastbecauseclinicalstandards,clinicalguidelinesandtheSummaryofProductCharacteristicsfor individualdrugsareconstantlychangingthroughresearchandregulation.Theauthors,editors,and publishersthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirectorconsequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseof materialcontainedinthisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentiontoinformation providedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipmentthattheyplantouse. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:05, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 Contents Contributors vii Foreword xi Preface xiii Editor’sNoteonNomenclature xv Neuroscience-BasedNomenclatureGlossary xviii ListofAbbreviations xxi Part 1: Basic Science and Part 2: Psychopharmacology of General Principles the Main Psychotropic Drug Groups 1. ABriefHistoryof Psychopharmacology 1 7. DrugstoTreatDepression 227 PeterM.Haddad,DavidJ.Nuttand PatrickMcLaughlinandAnthony A.RichardGreen Cleare 2. PsychiatricDrugDiscoveryand 8. DrugstoTreatAnxietyand Development 35 Insomnia 268 MohammedShahid, DavidS.BaldwinandNathanT.M. JoannaC.NeillandJohn Huneke Hutchison 9. DrugstoTreatSchizophrenia 3. Neurotransmissionand andPsychosis(Dopamine MechanismsofDrugAction 69 AntagonistsandPartial BrianE.Leonard AgonistsOtherThan 4. Pharmacodynamicsand Clozapine) 290 Pharmacokinetics 124 RobertMcCutcheon,StephenJ.Kaar StuartBanhamandDavidTaylor andOliverD.Howes 5. Pharmacogenomicsand 10. Clozapine 326 Psychopharmacology 151 RichardDrake DiegoL.Lapetina, 11. Lithium 350 EstherH.Yang,BeatrizC. AllanH.YoungandDilveer HenriquesandKatherine S.Sually J.Aitchison 12. Anticonvulsants for Mental 6. GoodClinicalPracticein Disorders: Valproate, Psychopharmacology 203 Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine PeterM.HaddadandThomasR.E. and Oxcarbazepine 362 Barnes PeterS.Talbot Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:06, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 vi Contents 13. DrugstoTreatAttentionDeficit 18. PsychotropicDrugTreatmentin HyperactivityDisorder(ADHD) 392 LaterLife 543 UlrichMüller-SedgwickandJaneA. SimonJ.C.Davies Sedgwick-Müller 19. PsychotropicPrescribingin 14. DrugstoTreatDementia 433 PregnancyandLactation 577 RossDunneandAlistairBurns AngelikaWieckandIanJones 15. DrugstoTreatSubstanceUse 20. TheClinicalManagementofAcute Disorders 454 DisturbanceIncludingRapid JuliaSinclairandLesleyPeters Tranquillisation 599 FaisilSethi,CarolineParker,Aileen 16. ElectroconvulsiveTherapyand O’BrienandMaxineX.Patel NeuromodulationTherapies 495 DavidChristmasandKeithMatthews 21. Antipsychotics,WeightGainand MetabolicRisk 619 StephenJ.CooperandGavinP. fi Part 3: Speci c Therapeutic Reynolds Areas 17. PsychotropicDrugTreatmentin ChildhoodandAdolescence 525 Index 653 DavidCoghillandNicolettaAdamo Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:06, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 Contributors NicolettaAdamo OxfordRoad,Manchester, VisitingResearchFellow,Social, UK GeneticandDevelopmentalPsychiatry DavidChristmas Centre(PO80)InstituteofPsychiatry, Psychology&Neuroscience,King’s Consultant Psychiatrist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Advanced CollegeLondon;ConsultantChild Interventions Service, Ninewells andAdolescentPsychiatrist,South Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK LondonandMaudsley(SLaM)National Services,NHSFoundationTrust, AnthonyCleare London,UK Professor of Psychopharmacology & Affective Disorders, Institute of KatherineJ.Aitchison Psychiatry, Psychology and Professor,DepartmentofPsychiatry; Neuroscience, King’s College London, AdjunctProfessor,DepartmentofMedical London, UK Genetics;AssociateDirector,Mental Health,NeuroscienceandMentalInstitute DavidCoghill andConsultingPsychiatrist,Moodand ProfessorofPsychiatry,FinancialMarkets AnxietyDisordersProgram;Universityof FoundationChairofDevelopmental Alberta,Edmonton,Canada MentalHealth,DepartmentsofPaediatrics andPsychiatry,FacultyofMedicine, DavidS.Baldwin DentistryandHealthSciences,University ProfessorofPsychiatry,Clinicaland ofMelbourne;MurdochChildren’s ExperimentalSciences,Facultyof ResearchInstitute,Melbourne,Australia Medicine,UniversityofSouthampton, UnitedKingdom;HonoraryProfessor StephenJ.Cooper ofPsychiatry,UniversityofCape ProfessorEmeritus,Queen’sUniversity Town,SouthAfrica;VisitingProfessor, Belfast,UnitedKingdom;ClinicalLeadfor ShandongMentalHealthCentre, theNationalClinicalAuditofPsychosis, China CentreforQualityImprovement,Royal CollegeofPsychiatrists,London,UK StuartBanham PrincipalPharmacist,SouthLondonand SimonJ.C.Davies Maudsley(SLaM)NHSFoundationTrust, AssociateProfessor,GeriatricPsychiatry London,UK Division,CentreforAddiction&Mental Health(CAMH),Torontoand ThomasR.E.Barnes DepartmentofPsychiatry,Universityof EmeritusProfessorofClinicalPsychiatry, Toronto,Canada ImperialCollegeLondon,UK RichardDrake AlistairBurns SeniorLecturer,Universityof ProfessorofOldAgePsychiatry, Manchester,UnitedKingdom;Honorary UniversityofManchester,JeanMcFarlane ConsultantinRehabilitationPsychiatry, Building,UniversityofManchester, Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:06, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 viii ListofContributors GreaterManchesterMentalHealth JohnHutchison NHSFoundationTrust,Manchester, ChiefMedicalOfficer,Autifony UK TherapeuticsLtd,StevenageBioscience Catalyst,Stevenage,Hertfordshire,UK RossDunne ConsultantPsychiatristforLaterLife, IanJones GreaterManchesterMentalHealthNHS ProfessorofPsychiatry,CardiffUniversity; FoundationTrust,ParkHouse,North HonoraryConsultantPsychiatristin ManchesterGeneralHospital, CardiffandValeNHSTrust,UK Manchester,UK StephenJ.Kaar A.RichardGreen ClinicalResearchWorker,Instituteof HonoraryProfessorof Psychiatry,PsychologyandNeuroscience, Neuropharmacology,SchoolofLife King’sCollegeLondonandSpecialty Sciences,Queen’sMedicalCentre, Trainee,SouthLondonandMaudsley UniversityofNottingham, NHSTrust,UK Nottingham,UK DiegoL.Lapetina PeterM.Haddad PostdoctoralFellow,Departmentsof SeniorConsultantPsychiatrist,Hamad PsychiatryandMedicalGenetics, MedicalCorporation,Doha;Clinical UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton, ProfessorofPsychiatry,QatarUniversity, Canada Qatar;HonoraryConsultantPsychiatrist, GreaterManchesterMentalHealthNHS BrianE.Leonard FoundationTrust;HonoraryProfessorof EmeritusProfessorofPharmacology, Psychiatry,UniversityofManchester,UK NationalUniversityofIreland,Galway, Ireland BeatrizC.Henriques MastersinPsychiatrystudent, KeithMatthews DepartmentsofPsychiatryandMedical ProfessorofPsychiatryandHonorary Genetics,UniversityofAlberta, ConsultantPsychiatrist,Universityof Edmonton,Canada Dundee,NinewellsHospital&Medical School,Dundee,UK OliverD.Howes ProfessorofMolecularPsychiatry,King’s RobertMcCutcheon CollegeLondon,InstituteofMedical WellcomeClinicalResearchTraining Sciences(ImperialCollege)andHonorary Fellow,InstituteofPsychiatry,Psychology ConsultantPsychiatrist,Maudsley andNeuroscience,King’sCollege Hospital,London,UK LondonandSpecialtyTrainee,South LondonandMaudsleyNHSTrust, NathanT.M.Huneke UK MRCClinicalResearchFellow,Clinical andExperimentalSciences,Facultyof PatrickMcLaughlin Medicine,UniversityofSouthampton, SpecialistRegistrarinPsychiatry, andHonoraryRegistrarinGeneral NationalAffectiveDisordersService, AdultPsychiatry,SouthernHealth SouthLondonandMaudsleyNHS NHSFoundationTrust,Southampton, FoundationTrust,Maudsley UK Hospital,London,UK Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:06, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465 ListofContributors ix UlrichMüller-Sedgwick JaneA.Sedgwick-Müller ConsultantPsychiatrist,AdultADHD Senior Teaching Fellow, Programme Service,BarnetEnfieldHaringeyMental Lead BSc Mental Health Nursing: HealthNHSTrust,SpringwellCentre, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing BarnetHospital,London;Honorary &, Midwifery & Palliative Care, Institute VisitingFellow,DepartmentofPsychiatry, of Psychiatry, Psychology & UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UK Neuroscience, King’s College London; ADHD/ASD Coach & Psychosocial JoannaC.Neill Therapist, UK ProfessorofPsychopharmacology, DivisionofPharmacyandOptometry, FaisilSethi SchoolofHealthSciences,Universityof ConsultantPsychiatrist,Maudsley Manchester,Manchester,UnitedKingdom Hospital,SouthLondonand MaudsleyNHSFoundationTrust, DavidJ.Nutt London,UK EdmondJ.SafraProfessorof NeuropsychopharmacologyandHeadof MohammedShahid theCentreforNeuropsychopharmacology, SeniorAdviserinTranslationalResearch, DivisionofPsychiatry,Departmentof OrionPharma,Nottingham,UK BrainSciences,ImperialCollege JuliaSinclair London,UK Professor of Addiction Psychiatry, and AileenO’Brien Honorary Consultant in Alcohol ReaderinPsychiatryandEducation,and Liaison, University HonoraryConsultantPsychiatrist,St. Hospital Southampton, UK George’s,UniversityofLondon,UK DilveerS.Sually Clinical Trial Coordinator, Department CarolineParker of Psychological Medicine, Institute of ConsultantMentalHealthPharmacist,St Psychiatry, Psychology and CharlesHospital,CentralandNorthWest Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonNHSFoundationTrust,London, London, UK UnitedKingdom PeterS.Talbot MaxineX.Patel SeniorLecturer,UniversityofManchester; ConsultantPsychiatrist,OxleasNHS HonoraryConsultantPsychiatrist,Greater FoundationTrust,andHonoraryClinical SeniorLecturer,King’sCollegeLondon, ManchesterMentalHealthNHS FoundationTrust,Manchester,UK London,UK DavidTaylor LesleyPeters ProfessorofPsychopharmacology, ConsultantAddictionPsychiatrist,My InstituteofPharmaceuticalScience, RecoveryTameside,ChangeGrowLive,UK King’sCollegeLondon,London, GavinP.Reynolds UK Professor Emeritus, Queen’s University EstherH.Yang Belfast; Honorary Professor, ResearchAssistant,Departmentsof Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, UK PsychiatryandMedicalGenetics, Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Western Ontario, on 20 Jun 2020 at 13:16:06, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623465