Selections from Virgil A eneid VIII i Th e following titles are available from Bloomsbury Selections from Apuleius Metamorphoses V: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Stuart R. Th omson Selections from Cicero Philippic II: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Christopher Tanfi eld Selections from Cicero Pro Milone: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction by Lynn Fotheringham and commentary notes and vocabulary by Robert West Selections from Horace O des : An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by John Godwin Selections from Horace Satires: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by John Godwin Selections from Ovid A mores II: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Alfred Artley Selections from Ovid H eroides : An Edition for Intermediate Stuådents , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by John Godwin Selections from Propertius, Tibullus and Ovid: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Anita Nikkanen Selections from Tacitus A nnals I: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction by Roland Mayer and commentary notes and vocabulary by Katharine Radice Selections from Tacitus H istories I: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction by Ellen O’Gorman and commentary notes and vocabulary by Benedict Gravell Selections from Virgil A eneid VIII: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Keith Maclennan Selections from Virgil A eneid X: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Christopher Tanfi eld Selections from Virgil A eneid XI: An Edition for Intermediate Students , with introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Ashley Carter Supplementary resources for these volumes can be found at www.bloomsbury.com/bloomsbury-classical-languages Please type the URL into your web browser and follow the instructions to access the Companion Website. If you experience any problems, please contact Bloomsbury at [email protected] ii Selections from Virgil Aeneid VIII: An Edition for Intermediate Students Lines 86–279, 558–84 With introduction, commentary notes and vocabulary by Keith Maclennan iii Bloomsbury Academic Bloomsbury Publishing Inc 1385 Broadway, New York, N Y 10018, USA 50 Bedford Square, London, W C 1B 3D P , UK BLOOMSBURY, B LOOMSBURY ACADEMIC and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2016 as V irgil Aeneid VIII : A Selection This edition fi rst published in the United States of America 2019 Copyright © Keith Maclennan, 2016, 2019 Cover image © D EA / C. S APPA / Getty All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN : PB : 978-1-5013-5034-4 e PDF : 978-1-5013-5036-8 eBook: 978-1-5013-5035-1 Series: Bloomsbury Classical Languages Typeset by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk To fi nd out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com and sign up for our newsletters. iv Contents Preface vii Introduction 1 Text 37 Commentary Notes 45 Vocabulary 81 v vi Preface Th e text and notes found in this volume are designed to guide any student who has mastered Latin at beginner’s level and wishes to read Virgil’s work in the original. Th e A eneid as a whole is worth reading for the brilliance, variety and intensity of Virgil’s narrative, and important for its central place in the literature of the Roman Empire and of modern Europe. In the lines covered here Aeneas, the forefather of Rome, visits the site of the city four hundred years before it is founded and hears a story of Hercules and how he helped make the place habitable for Aeneas’ successors. Th is edition contains a detailed introduction to the historical and literary context of the Aeneid with a detailed explanation of the metre and its use. Within notes to the text points of linguistic diffi culty receive as much attention as those of interpretation. At the end of the book is a full vocabulary list for all the words contained in these sections. In preparing this text I have been very much helped and supported by Alice Wright and her team at Bloomsbury. Christopher Tanfi eld, who is editing the text of A eneid X, read all my notes with great care and improved them most substantially. He and I worked together on the introduction to my great pleasure and benefi t. James Morwood also read the notes and endeavoured to make sure that I kept the target readers in view. I must also say a warm thank you to the Fondation Hardt in Geneva for their hospitality over a period of the summer while I was working on A eneid VIII . Keith Maclennan vii viii Introduction Th e Aeneid Th e Aeneid tells how Aeneas, of the royal house of Troy, escaped from the destruction of his city bearing his crippled father on his back and accompanied by his little son. He knew he was to seek a new home in the west. He did not know where this was to be. In the course of seven years travelling he followed many false trails, of which the most damaging was his stay in Carthage in North Africa. Driven there in a storm by the goddess Juno, he was sheltered by Carthage’s queen, Dido, and allowed her to believe that he loved her and would stay there. She killed herself when he was obliged to leave. Before he reached his destination he was required to go to Hades to visit his now dead father, Anchises. Th ere Anchises showed him a vision of glory: his descendants, the Romans, engaged in their mission of world conquest and pacifi cation, which would reach its climax with the reign of Augustus. At last he reached the mouth of the river Tiber and understood that here was the place for the city he must found. He was also to unite his own people with the Latini, the existing occupants of the country, and marry the daughter of their king. But she was already committed to Turnus of the neighbouring Rutuli. Juno encouraged the development of a war between Aeneas’ people and the Latini. Th ere was great destruction and loss of life, including that of Pallas, the young son of a king who had become an ally of Aeneas. Aeneas’ victory was not sealed until the last line of the poem, in which he refused Turnus mercy and killed him in revenge for Pallas. Th e fourth- century commentator Servius stated confi dently, ‘Th is is Virgil’s plan: to compose an imitation of Homer and to praise 1