Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering Sharad Manohar Suhasini Madhekar Seismic Design of RC Buildings Theory and Practice Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13593 Sharad Manohar • Suhasini Madhekar Seismic Design of RC Buildings Theory and Practice 123 SharadManohar SuhasiniMadhekar StructuralandTrainingConsultant CivilEngineering FormerlywithTataConsultingEngineers CollegeofEngineeringPune Pune,Maharashtra,India Pune,Maharashtra,India ISSN2363-7633 ISSN2363-7641 (electronic) SpringerTransactionsinCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering ISBN978-81-322-2318-4 ISBN978-81-322-2319-1 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2319-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015945961 SpringerNewDelhiHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerIndia2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer(India)Pvt.Ltd.ispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword Inrecentyears,earthquakeengineeringhasbeenintroducedasa subjectat under- graduate and postgraduate levels. However, a beginner, with only an elementary knowledge of the theory of vibrations, finds it difficult to grasp the concepts of inertiaforces,ductility,etc.Secondly,becauseofthevastnessofthesubjectandits complexity, most practicing engineers find it difficult to access and comprehend the analytical process. Thus, at present, there is a clear need for a book which willexplainthefundamentalsofearthquake-resistantdesigninsuchamannerthat studentsaswellaspracticingengineerscanabsorbthemwithease.Itismystrong beliefthatthisbookwillmeetsucharequirement. The authors are well known for their ability to present complex concepts in a simplemanner.Mr.Manoharisknownforhisconsultancyworkatbothnationaland internationallevelsand is the recipientof the IndianConcrete Institute’sLifetime Achievement Award. He has also trained a large cross-section of professional engineers,architects,students,andsupervisorsinconceptsofstructuralengineering and earthquake-resistant design. Professor Madhekar is dedicated to her work as a faculty for this subject. It is not without reason that she is held in high esteem by her students and employers. In addition, both authors have delivered lectures underthe“CapacityDevelopmentProgramme”oftheGovernmentofMaharashtra, sponsoredbyUNDPaswellasbymanyotherorganisations.Teachingisapassion forbothauthors,andthesequalitiesareeffectivelyreflectedinthispublication. Someoftheattractivefeaturesofthisbookareasfollows: 1. The fundamentals of structural dynamics and their practical applications to earthquake-resistant design of buildings are dealt with side by side. This unifiedapproachisveryusefultofullyunderstandthe practicalimplicationsof theoretical concepts. I am confidentthat students and practicingengineerswill appreciatethisapproach. v vi Foreword 2. In this book, the reader is initiated into the subject of response evaluation of structures’ under ground motion excitation through an “easy-to-understand” concept, namely, simple harmonic motion. This simple theoretical approach is gradually extended to cover linear single-degree-of-freedom systems under earthquakeexcitationandthencontinuessystematicallyrightuptothenonlinear analysis of multistorey buildings. The mathematical content is highly focused and comprehensive.In my opinion,the booksatisfies virtually all the needsof students,teachingfaculty,andprofessionalengineers. 3. There are several solved examples which cover the evaluation of forces and momentsforwhich varioustypesof practicalstructures,such as RC buildings, masonrystructures,shearwalls,retainingwalls,andpiles,needtobedesigned. Alsoincludedarememberssuchasdragstrutsandcollectors.Italsodealswith thesubjectsofsoil-structureinteractionandtheeffectofpassivebaseisolationon the responseofa building.Thiswilldefinitelyassist the professionalengineers readingthisbook. 4. Earthquake engineeringis a multifaceted subject requiringinputs from various disciplines to create a sound earthquake-resistant structure. For instance, it encompasses subjects such as inelastic material properties of primary building materials, important geotechnical aspects that play a role in soil-structure coupling and lateral loads on retaining walls, and importance of ductility, to name just a few. The authors have done well to include the right quantum of informationfromsuchtopicstoaidthedesignerinthedesignprocess. 5. Itcoversthesubjectofmodalanalysisindepthincludingtheimportantmissing mass correction approach. The authors have also provided a theoretical back- ground to formulae used for evaluation of modal mass, participation factor, etc. This highly mathematical topic is developed in a systematic and easy-to- understandfashionwhichwillbenefitfacultyandstudentsalike. 6. Theauthorshavedrawnreadersattentiontoapossibletensionshiftinshearwalls andbeams.Thishasanimportantbearingonreinforcementdetailing. 7. Brick adobes are often badly hit during an earthquake because of their heavy weightandinadequateattentionpaidtoincorporateanti-seismicmeasures.Iam gladtheauthorshaveincludedrequirementsfor“confinedbrickwork,”asthese are relatively inexpensiveto implement and can certainly improvea building’s performanceduringanearthquake. 8. The authors have used the medium of an illustrative example to explain the mannerofconductinganonlineartimehistoryanalysisforbothaSDOFaswell as a MDOF system. As a result, this difficult area is presented in a very clear, step-by-stepmanner,whichisveryeasytofollowforastudent. 9. The student as well as the professional designer will benefit greatly from coverageoftopicssuchas(1)pushoveranalysis,(2)soilstructurecoupling,(3) piles exposed to lateral loads, (4) limit state design of brick masonry, and (5) performance-baseddesign. Foreword vii This book is well suited for senior-level graduate and postgraduate courses in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. The book contains a wealth of information which is very difficult to obtain, and thus it will be an excellent referencedocumentforbothstudentsandpracticingprofessionals.Itwillprovidea vitallinkbetweentheoryandpractice. Professor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering, R.S.Jangid IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay, Powai,Mumbai,India 15September2014 Preface The writing of this book has been both a joy and a challenge. Decades of our combinedexperienceinconsultingandteachingatpostgraduatelevelinearthquake- resistant design has given us an opportunity to bring the complex theoretical conceptsofearthquakeengineeringwithineasyreachofstudents,teachingfaculty, and practicing professionals in a user-friendly manner. It is our belief that when theoretical concepts are well understood, it gives an impetus to put them into practice.Therealchallengehasbeentoaddressawidespectrumofreadersranging fromarchitectstostructuralengineersandfromstudentstoteachingfaculty. Over the centuries, mankind has had to deal with many natural hazards, such as cyclones, floods, droughts, and volcanic eruptions, which cause huge losses in termsofliveslostandpropertydestroyed,buttheonemostfearedisanearthquake. This fear stems principally from the totally unpredictable nature of this hazard, its suddenness, and the colossal destruction of life and propertythat it can cause. Contrary to common belief, a very large number of detectable earthquakes occur annuallyintheworld,ofwhichonlyabout20%arefeltandcausevaryingdegrees of damage. That one can build an earthquake-proofstructure is only an idealistic thought.Apartfromthefactthatsucha structurecouldbeeconomicallyunviable, onecannotguaranteethesafetyofastructureagainstamotionwhosecharacteristics at best can only be an informed guess. Hence, in seismic-resistant design, the primaryaimistominimizedamageandthusalsosavelives. TheIndiansubcontinentisunderarealthreatofamoderateormajorearthquake, andovertheyears,thecountryhasexperienceditsshareofseismicactivity.Some of these have caused severe damage to property and loss of life. For a countryas densely populatedas ours, the need for affordablespace for urban expansionwill drivehumanhabitatintoregionswithhighseismicrisk.Itisthereforeveryimportant thatwedevelopaclearunderstandingoftheconceptsofearthquake-resistantdesign and implementthe correct design and construction practices in order to minimize damageandlossoflife,shouldanearthquakestrike. ix