Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix Guidance on the Development of Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plans Meeting the Requirements of the Sediment Management Standards (Chapter 173-204 WAC) Ecology Publication No. 03-09-043 February 2008 If you need this publication in another format, please call the Toxic Cleanup Program at (360) 407-7170. Persons with hearing loss can call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons with a speech disability can call 877-833-6341. Download this report from the Department of Ecology’s Web Site at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0309043.html For additional copies of this publication, please contact: Department of Ecology Toxics Cleanup Program P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 (360) 407-7170 Refer to Publication No. 03-09-043 Revised February 2008 CONTENTS Page APPENDICES iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SEDIMENT INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED UNDER THE SEDIMENT SOURCE CONTROL PROGRAM 2 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SEDIMENT INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED UNDER THE SEDIMENT CLEANUP PROGRAM 9 1.4 COMPARISON OF DATA REQUIREMENTS OF THE SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT STANDARDS (SMS) AND THE DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (DMMP) 11 1.5 DEVELOPMENT OF SEDIMENT SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLANS UNDER THE SMS 13 2. SELECTION OF STUDY-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS AND LABORATORY ANALYTICAL METHODS 18 2.1 CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENTS 18 2.1.1 Selection of Chemical Analytes 18 2.1.2 Chemical Laboratory Analytical Methods 18 2.2 BIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENTS 26 2.2.1 Selection of Biological Tests 26 2.2.1.1 Marine and Estuarine Sediment Biological Tests 26 2.2.1.2 Freshwater Sediment Biological Tests 33 2.2.2 Biological Laboratory Methods 33 3. FREQUENCY AND TIME OF SAMPLING 35 3.1 FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING 35 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 i Page 3.2 TIME OF SAMPLING 36 3.3 PHASING OF SAMPLING AND/OR ANALYSES, IF APPROPRIATE 37 3.4 SCHEDULE 38 4. SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS 39 4.1 LOCATIONS OF SAMPLING STATIONS RELATIVE TO POINT SOURCES 39 4.1.1 Locations of Sampling Stations for Baseline Monitoring 39 4.1.2 Locations of Sampling Stations for SIZ Maintenance Monitoring 40 4.2 LOCATIONS OF SAMPLING STATIONS RELATIVE TO KNOWN OR SUSPECTED AREAS OF SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION 45 4.2.1 Locations of Sampling Stations for an Initial Investigation of Sediment Contami- nation 45 4.2.2 Locations of Sampling Stations for a Sediment Cleanup Investigation 46 4.3 WATER DEPTH 47 4.4 DEPTH INTERVAL IN THE SEDIMENTS TO BE SAMPLED 47 4.5 OTHER FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE SELECTION OF SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS 49 5. FIELD SAMPLING METHODS 50 5.1 STATION POSITIONING 50 5.2 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT 50 5.2.1 Surface Sediment Samplers 51 5.2.2 Subsurface Sediment Corers 51 5.2.3 Recommended Sampling Equipment 54 5.3 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES 55 5.4 SAMPLE COMPOSITING 55 5.5 SAMPLE CONTAINERS AND LABELS 56 5.6 FIELD DOCUMENTATION 57 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 ii Page 5.7 DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS 57 6. SAMPLE HANDLING PROCEDURES 61 6.1 SAMPLE STORAGE REQUIREMENTS 61 6.1.1 Sample Storage Requirements for Chemical/Physical Analyses 61 6.1.2 Sample Storage Requirements for Toxicity Testing 61 6.1.3 Sample Storage Requirements for Analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities 62 6.2 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROCEDURES 62 6.3 DELIVERY OF SAMPLES TO ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES 63 7. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 64 7.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL FOR SEDIMENT CHEMICAL ANALYSES 64 7.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL FOR BIOLOGICAL ANALYSES 64 7.3 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEW 66 8. DATA ANALYSIS, RECORD KEEPING, AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 75 8.1 DATA ANALYSIS 75 8.1.1 Sediment Chemistry Data 75 8.1.2 Biological Test Data 77 8.1.3 Data Interpretation 77 8.2 RECORD KEEPING 78 8.3 REPORTING 78 9. HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN 82 10. PROJECT PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES 84 11. REFERENCES 85 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 iii APPENDICES Page A. SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT CONTACT LIST A-1 B. MARINE MICROTOX® 100 PERCENT SEDIMENT POREWATER B-1 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT C. FRESHWATER MICROTOX® 100 PERCENT SEDIMENT POREWATER C-1 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT D. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONDUCTING BIOASSAYS ON SEDIMENTS D-1 CONTAINING POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS EXPOSED TO ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION E. SEDIMENT RELATED EIM DATA ENTRY BUSINESS RULE E-1 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan outline and checklist 15 Figure 2. Decision tree for selecting the appropriate amphipod species for marine/estuarine toxicity tests 32 Figure 3. Examples of baseline monitoring station locations using 6 and 15 stations 42 Figure 4. Additional examples of baseline monitoring station locations using 10 stations 43 Figure 5. Examples of maintenance monitoring station locations 44 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 v LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Chemical criteria for Puget Sound marine sediments 4 Table 2. Biological effects criteria for Puget Sound marine sediments 7 Table 3. Conventional sediment variables and their use in sediment investigations 21 Table 4. Examples of chemical contaminants that should be measured on a site-specific basis 21 Table 5. Recommended sample preparation methods, cleanup methods, analytical methods, and practical quantitation limits for sediments 22 Table 6. Marine and estuarine sediment toxicity test characteristics 30 Table 7. Freshwater sediment toxicity test characteristics 34 Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of various sediment samplers 53 Table 9. Minimum sediment sample sizes and acceptable containers for physical/chemical analyses and sediment toxicity tests 59 Table 10. Storage temperatures and maximum holding times for physical/chemical analyses and sediment toxicity tests 60 Table 11. Quality control procedures for organic analyses 67 Table 12. Quality control procedures for metal analyses 69 Table 13. Quality control procedures for conventional analyses 71 Table 14. Marine and estuarine sediment toxicity test conditions 72 Table 15. Freshwater sediment toxicity test conditions 74 Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AET apparent effects threshold CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CSL cleanup screening level DGPS differential global positioning system DMMP Dredged Material Management Program Ecology Washington Department of Ecology EIM Environmental Information Management GPS global positioning systems HPAH high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon LPAH low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon MCUL minimum cleanup level ML maximum level MTCA Washington Model Toxics Control Act NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PCB polychlorinated biphenyl ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million ppt parts per thousand PLP potentially liable party PSDDA Puget Sound Dredged Disposal Analysis PSEP Puget Sound Estuary Program PQL Practical Quantitation Limit QA/QC quality assurance and quality control SCUM1 Sediment Source Control Standards User Manual SCUM2 Sediment Cleanup Standards User Manual SIZ sediment impact zone SIZ sediment impact zone maximum criterion max SL screening level SMS Washington Sediment Management Standards SQS sediment quality standard TOC total organic carbon WAC Washington Administrative Code Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 vii Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan Appendix February 2008 viii