Secularisation, Pentecostalism and Violence In this book David Martin brings together a coherent summary of his many years of ground-breaking academic work on the sociology of religion. Covering key and contentious areas from the last half-century such as sec- ularisation, religion and violence, and the global rise of Pentecostalism, it presents a critical recuperation of these themes, some of them first initiated by the author, and a review of their reception history. It then reviews that reception history in a way that discusses not only the subjects themselves, but also the academic practices that have surrounded them. As such, this collection is vital reading for all academics with an interest in David Martin’s work, as well as those involved with the sociology of religion and the study of secularisation more generally. David Martin is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), UK, and Fellow of the British Acad- emy. He was born in Mortlake in 1929 and attended East Sheen Grammar School and Westminster College. In the latter part of a seven-year period in primary school teaching he took a first class (external) degree in sociology in his spare time and won a post-graduate scholarship to the LSE. He be- came a lecturer in the LSE sociology department in 1962 and was a profes- sor from 1971 to 1989. After his first book on pacifism (1965) he produced the first critique of secularisation theory (1965) and the first statement of a general theory of secularisation (1969 and 1978). From 1986 to 1990 he was Distinguished Professor of Human Values at Southern Methodist Uni- versity, USA, and turned to the study of global Pentecostalism, producing the first summary statement of the worldwide Pentecostal phenomenon in 1990. He also returned to the issue of religion and violence and explored is- sues in music and nationalism, and sociology and theology. His intellectual autobiography, The Education of David Martin, appeared in 2013. This page intentionally left blank Secularisation, Pentecostalism and Violence Receptions, Rediscoveries and Rebuttals in the Sociology of Religion David Martin First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 David Martin The right of David Martin to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-415-78859-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-22516-6 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by codeMantra Dedicated to Joseph Martin Grandson and young student of politics This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgements xi Part I the travels and travails of the concept of secularisation 1 1 Overview of the problem 3 2 Exploring my own reception 20 3 Extensions of the secularisation debate 33 4 Secularisation and other disciplines 44 5 Recapitulation in the sociology of religion in Britain 57 6 Changing patterns and changing receptions in painting and music 86 Part II ancillary debates: violence, Pentecostalism 115 7 Religion and violence 117 8 Reception and Pentecostalism 136 viii Contents Part III Examples 155 9 Religion and the varied sources of violence: disrupting a narrative 157 10 Religion and the variable patterns of cultural change – modernisation? 170 Index 185 Foreword This book could be seen as oblique intellectual biography complementing the much more personal intellectual autobiography of The Education of David Martin: The Making of an Unlikely Sociologist (2013). Certainly the intellectual self-scrutiny involved in that provided a very useful prelim- inary to the present exercise. It has this autobiographical character because I was asked by Paulo Costa of the University of Trento to give some account of my work on secularisation for post-graduate students of his university. Unfortunately, severe restrictions on my mobility prevented me giving these lectures, though I did the preparation for them and they provided the core of much of the initial chapters of this book. I certainly did not want to waste so much effort even though I recognised that an essay in oblique au- tobiography could easily appear self-regarding and self-referential. My overriding motivation has not been autobiographical, even obliquely, but to provide introductions to the key issues that have concerned me over the last half-century or so. My rationale here is that hardly anyone has the same acquaintance over more than half a century with the issue of secu- larisation, and absolutely no one can have the kind of reasonably consist- ent orientation that enables me to organise this material in a continuous narrative. I have a point of view that anyone wishing to excavate what has been involved in a continuing and crucial debate could not possibly have. Indeed, my examination of attempts of this kind in recent bibliographical essays shows them lacking in depth and criteria of selection. My criteria of selection may be personal but it is precisely the personal thread that makes this narrative possible. The issues go beyond secularisation, though that is of central concern, and extend to the related issues of the global expansion of Pentecostalism and of the relation between religious pacifism and eschatological violence. If this knot of concerns does not immediately seem to be tied together, I try to tease out the connections and let the different themes talk to each other. For example, the expansion of Pentecostalism bears directly on the issue of secularisation, while the issue of violence raises questions about the trans- fer of religious eschatology to political ideologies and religious templates to nationalist ideologies that lie at the heart of the secularisation debate.