SECTION 5 APPENDICES Page 205 Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources Page 217 Appendix B: Comparison of 237 Jehovah References Page 225 Appendix C: Kyrios in the Christian Greek Scriptures Page 236 Appendix D: The George Howard Study Page 245 Appendix E: The Greek Text of the Hebrew Versions Page 252 Appendix F: Facsimiles of Early Greek Manuscripts hwhy Page 258 Appendix G: J20 — in the Greek Concordance Page 262 Appendix H: A Second Hebrew Version Page 263 Appendix I: A Catalog of Greek Manuscripts Page 276 Appendix J: Origen's Hexapla Page 297 Appendix K: Nomina Sacra Page 302 Appendix L: The Magdalen Papyrus Page 304 Appendix M: Jehovah in Missionary Translations Page 306 Appendix N: Correspondence with the Society Page 313 Appendix O: A Reply to Greg Stafford Page 317 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 327 GLOSSARY Page 333 SCRIPTURE INDEX Page 336 SUBJECT INDEX Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources ••205•• The New World Translation replaces the Greek word Kyrios (and occasionally Theos) with the divine name Jehovah 237 times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. (Infrequently, Jehovah appears multiple times in a single verse.) In each of these 237 instances, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society has published documentation supporting the translators' selection of Jehovah. Anyone wishing to investigate the use of the Tetragrammaton in the Christian Greek Scriptures will want to consult firsthand the two information sources summarized in this appendix. 1. The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures, copyrighted in 1969 and 1985 by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, is a valuable and primary source of information. In each instance where Jehovah has been inserted into the New World Translation text, the footnote material cites occurrences of the Tetragrammaton in Hebrew language translations. The footnotes also include representative material concerning the respective Greek word found in the earliest Greek manuscripts. (The 1969 edition gives more complete information for the document sources it lists. However, the more recent 1985 22 27 edition adds new material in references J through J and lists additional early Greek manuscripts and version sources.) The Kingdom Interlinear Translation must b e consulted firsthand for any comprehensive investigation o f the Tetragrammaton in the Christian Greek Scriptures. The information under the first heading in this appendix, Explanation of the Symbols Used in the Marginal References, is summarized from pages 26-31 in the 1969 Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources 325 edition and from pages 13-15 of the 1985 edition. 2. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures Reference Edition (copyrighted in 1984) is a second source of information for this study. In addition to the biblical text, this edition contains further explanations of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society's position regarding the Tetragrammaton in numerous appendices. This appendix information includes each of the 237 Jehovah references in the New World Translation and a comprehensive list of all "J" references to the Tetragrammaton. The information in the second heading of this appendix, The 237 "Jehovah" references in the Christian Greek Scriptures of the New World Translation, is a summary of this latter information. (The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures Reference Edition, pp. 1565-1566.) Explanation of the Symbols Used in the Marginal References ••206••All Jehovah footnotes in various editions of the New World Translation use uniform symbols or identification entries. Ancient Greek manuscripts are a identified by a symbol designation such as , A, B, etc. Hebrew translations are identified with a "J" followed by the 1 2 3 appropriate superscript and thus appear as J , J , J , through 27 J . The following material summarizes each of the ancient Greek manuscripts, Hebrew versions, or supplementary sources cited in the footnote section of the Kingdom Interlinear Translation. The headings for this section are used as follows: Greek (or Hebrew) text identifies the 326 The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures contents of the manuscript. For Greek manuscripts, the heading Date identifies its approximate age. Hebrew versions are identified by Publication date. Ancient versions are identified under the heading Version. The heading Modern Greek identifies contemporary publications of the Greek Scripture text. The heading Reference identifies miscellaneous reference works cited as "J" references. Early Greek Manuscripts. The following entries are ancient Greek documents which are regarded as primary sources for the Christian Greek Scripture text. Å (Aleph) Greek text: Greek Scriptures Date: 4th century Sinaitic MS (Latin: codex Sinaiticus) is an uncial Greek manuscript of the 4th century. It is in codex form. It is housed in the British Museum, London, England. A Greek text: Greek Scriptures Date: 5th century Alexandrine MS is an uncial Greek manuscript of the 5th century. It is in codex form, and originally contained the entire Bible. It remains largely intact, containing all but Matthew 1:1 to 25:6; John 6:50 to 8:52; and, 2 Corinthians 4:13 Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources 327 to 12:6. It is housed in the British Museum, London, England. B Greek text: Greek Scriptures Date: 4th century Vatican MS. 1209 (Latin: codex Vaticanus) is an uncial Greek manuscript from the 4th century. It is in codex form, and originally contained the whole Greek Bible. It presently lacks Hebrews 9:14 to 13:25; 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Revelation. It is presumably in the Vatican Library in Rome. C Greek text: Greek Scriptures Date: 4th century Codex Ephraemi rescriptus is a palimpsest manuscript of the ••207•• 5th century. It contains parts of the Gospels, Acts, the Epistles, and Revelation. It originally contained the entire Greek Bible, but was erased and overwritten in the 12th century. It is in the National Library in Paris, France. D Greek text: Partial Gr. Scrtps. Date: 6th century Codex Bezae. This symbol includes both the Cambridge and the Clermont manuscripts. Both are from the 6th century. A portion containing the larger part of the Gospels, parts of Acts, and a Latin translation of 3 John 11 to 15 is in 328 The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures the University of Cambridge, England. The second portion containing the letters of the apostle Paul with a Latin translation is in the National Library in Paris, France. L Greek text: Greek manuscript Date: 9th century Listed as Greek Uncial manuscripts from the 9th century, Rome, G.S. P Greek text: Greek manuscripts Date: 200 C.E. to 3rd century This collection includes papyrus fragments of the Chester Beatty collections Nos. 1, 2, and 3. They are designated as 45 46 47 P , P , and P . P45 (Chester Beatty 1) includes manuscript fragments assigned to the 3rd century. These fragments consist primarily of Gospel portions. They are located in London, England. P46 (Chester Beatty 2) includes manuscript fragments assigned to the 3rd and 4th centuries. These manuscripts include Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews. These fragments are located in both London, England, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. P47 (Chester Beatty 3) includes manuscript fragments Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources 329 assigned to the 3rd century. The fragments include Revelation, chapters 9 to 17. They are located in London, England. P66 (Papyrus Bodmer 2). These Greek manuscript fragments contain portions of the Gospel of John and are dated circa 200 C.E. They are housed in Geneva, Switzerland. P74 (Papyrus Bodmer 17). These Greek manuscript fragments contain distributed portions of the Greek Scriptures. They are from the 7th century and are housed in Geneva, Switzerland. P75 (Papyrus Bodmer 14). These fragments contain portions from Luke and John and are ••208•• dated circa 200 C.E. They are housed in Geneva, Switzerland. "J" reference documents. hwhy These reference works use the Tetragrammaton ( ) in the Christian Greek Scriptures. They are used as verification for Jehovah in the Greek Scriptures of the NWT. The 1969 edition of KIT lists J1 through J21. The 1985 edition adds J22 27 pages 210-213 through J . 1 J Hebrew text: Matthew Publication date: 1555 In 1555, Jean du Tillet published Matthew in Hebrew in Paris. The original was from an ancient manuscript found in Rome, and edited by J. Mercerus. A copy is in the New York 330 The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures Public Library. 2 J Hebrew text: Matthew Publication date: circa 1385 Matthew in Hebrew. This version was completed about 1385 by Shem-Tob-ben-Shaprut in Castille, Spain. It was part of a work against Christianity. His Matthew in Hebrew is included as a separate chapter. A copy is in the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York City. (Also see the Bibliography for The Gospel of Matthew according to a Primitive Hebrew Text by George Howard.) 3 J Hebrew text: Matthew Publication date: 1537 In 1537, Sebastian Munster published a revision of Shem- Tob's Matthew and Hebrews in Hebrew. It was published in Basel, Switzerland. In 1557, Munster published his Hebrew version of the Epistle to the Hebrews. A copy is in the New York Public Library. 4 J Hebrew text: Matthew Publication date: 1551 In 1551, Johannes Quinquarboreus published a revision of Munster's Matthew in Hebrew in Paris, France. A copy is in the New York Public Library. Appendix A: "J" Reference Sources 331 5 J Hebrew text: Liturgical Gospels Publication date: 1574 In 1574, Frederick Petri published a Hebrew version of the Liturgical Gospels, translated from Greek. It was revised in 1581 by C. Plantin at Antwerp, Belgium. A copy is in the New York Public Library. 6 J Hebrew text: Gospels Publication date: 1576 In 1576, J. Claius published a translation of the ••209•• Liturgical Gospels in Hebrew. A copy is in the New York Public Library. 7 J Hebrew text: Greek Scriptures Publication date: 1599 In 1599 Elias Hutter published a translation of his Greek Scriptures in Hebrew in Nuremberg, Germany. This was the first complete Hebrew translation of the entire canonical Christian Greek Scriptures. A copy is in the New York Public Library.