SECRET NAZI AIRCRAFT Heinkel He 162 "Volksjä Last Chance for the Luftwaffe 1939 -1945 Luftwaffe’s Advanced Aircraft Projects Second Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS CopyRight Info Introduction Chapters: ADVANCED PROJECTS AIRCRAFT TEST AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1945 AIRCRAFT ON TEST AT RECHLIN* (February 1945) ARADO BLOHM & VOSS DAIMLER BENZ FOCKE ACHGELIS FOCKE WULF GOTHA HEINKEL HORTEN JUNKERS LIPPISCH MESSERSCHMITT SKODA TRANS/SUPER SONIC RESEARCH ZEPPELIN PROJECTS About the Author Copy Right Info Copyright 2011 David H Crocker HOBBY BOOKS http://hobbyblogbooks.blogspot.ca/ Introduction Return This book is a compilation of surviving technical data and engineering information on the aircraft projects that were ongoing in Germany between the years 1939 and 1945. A short section of background material is also given at the beginning of each chapter, to help readers appreciate the environment and culture that existed in these research organizations in those times. This background material was found in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A basic knowledge of aircraft terminology is perquisite to reading this work. The projects were selected for their advanced technological content and their unorthodox approach to aircraft design. To the reader many of these programs may have a familiar look and that is not too surprising; since they were to be the inspiration and source of engineering data, for most aeronautical research work, that was to take place in the world throughout the later part of the century. Aeronautical development that took place in the West and also in the Eastern bloc had their beginnings in Germany during WW2. This trend was to continue for at least three decades following the end of hostilities in Europe. Familiar war-birds such as the Sabre Jet and the MIG 15 are direct descendants of projects which started at Messerschmitt and Focke-Wulf. Who can deny the resemblance of those fighters that emerged in 1950’s to the Ta 153 and the ME P 1101 of the 1940’s. The so called groundbreaking supersonic Bell X series of aircraft flown by legendary test pilot Chuck Yeager in the 1950’s had their beginnings in the high-speed research programs of the Nazi regime (8-346 supersonic research aircraft). The material in this volume includes more engineering data than our earlier book. One of my engineering professors once said, that unless one could quantify a fact with a number, it was of little value. Following this thought, this work contains as much engineering data as could be found and is assigned to each project and aircraft design appearing here. The project material in this book has been arranged so that the manufacturers are listed in alphabetical order, making it more convenient for the reader to follow the development work that was proceeding in the company’s advance design offices (“Skunk-Works”). The material found in this compilation could also form a valuable source of information for flight simulator games, aero modelers both 1/72nd and giant scale RC Jets. Jet propelled models or for that matter, any aircraft model could be scaled up from the dimensions and engineering data found in these pages. Imagine the prospects of a scale ME 1101, a TA 183 or even an RC model of the Focke-Wulf ATHODYD (ramjet) fighter performing at some local jet rally. ADVANCED PROJECTS Return This chapter deals with advanced projects that were ongoing in Nazi occupied Europe in 1944, requiring testing and evaluation at the Luftwaffe’s testing establishments. There was a special commission formed with expert members of the Luftwaffe and industry who were chosen to directed and set priorities for the various projects. AIRCRAFT TEST AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1945 Return (Emergency Fighter Program) Reports of surviving documents give a feeling of conditions which existed within the aircraft community just before the final collapse. A document datelined Berlin December 22nd, 1944 sheds some light on the situation; specifically the ideas and the problems which confronted German designers. The paper by Technischen Luftrüstung (TLR) [Technical Air Armament] was addressed to the Chief of Technical Air Equipment and was issued by the Chief Commissioner for Aircraft Development. The following is a list of the individual special commissions and their chiefs that were active in Germany in the latter days of the Second World War. The commission for: Day fighters was headed up by Willi Messerschmitt; Night fighters was led by Kurt Tank; Bombers was led by Heinrich Hertel;* Airframe construction was headed by Otto Bock; and Power units was headed by Schilo. *Heinrich Hertel (13 November 1901 – 1982) was a German aeronautical engineer. After graduating as an engineer from Munich Technical College, he joined the Junkers company in 1926. In 1932, he was recruited by Ernst Heinkel and two years later was made the Technical Director of the Heinkel company where he oversaw many projects including the Heinkel He 100 and He 111. In May 1939 he returned to the Board of Directors at Junkers where he was closely connected with the development of the Junkers Ju 288 and Ju 248. In February 1945, he also worked on a project of the Dornier Do 635, one of the twin boom fighter aircraft developed from Dornier Do 335 but the project was cancelled in 1945. After World War II, Hertel worked in France before returning to Germany in 1950 to teach aeronautics in Berlin. From 1959 until his retirement in 1977 he worked as a technical consultant for Focke-Wulf in Bremen. Single engine fighters. It was decided not to develop the BF 109 with the DB 605 L engine in view of the better performance of the TA 152 and because of Daimler-Benz’s commitments in respect of the DB 603 and its turbojet research program. The proposal the new engine to be installed in the BF 109 was to be dropped and the termination of 109 production was also ordered. However for some unmentioned reason, instructions were given to proceed with the ongoing aerodynamic improvements of the BF 109. The F.W. 190 was also to be improved aerodynamically, but further modifications would in principle not be carried out. The program for the TA 152 was to continue until the completion of the series, and the development of the DB 155 high altitude fighters for operation up to 52,500 ft. was considered imperative, although at the time of the meeting only a small experimental series had been ordered. TA 152 Me 155B with DB 628 Engine Target defense aircraft. The importance of Target Defense was emphasized and consideration was narrowed down to the 8-248, a development of the ME 163; the Heinkel-Julia; the Bachem Natter; and the ME 262 interceptor with supplementary rocket propulsion. It was decided by the commission that since these developments were in an advanced state that it was not expedient to abandon any of them. A proposal by the special commission for Jet Aircraft and Special Aircraft to curtail or reject the 8-263 in favor of the He 162 was adopted on the grounds that further development and serious production of the 263 should be based on of the work already undertaken in connection with the 163 aircraft. The four types of target defense aircraft already mentioned, were to be developed with the following priority: (1) ME 262 with supplementary rocket propulsion; (2) He (code name) Julia; (3) 8-263; (4) Bachem Natter. The development of the new Walter rocket engine 109 0.708, using nitric acid, was to proceeds on a high priority basis, as this unit was needed for the last three aircraft named for development. Multi engine aircraft. Mention was made of the building of four prototypes of the 8-635 (dubbed F.T. 35) and it was suggested that a small experimental series of 10 to 20 aircraft should be built. At the time of the meeting work was continuing on the He 211 with a wooden covered wing. The first test of the wings had already taken shape and the aircraft was nearly ready for flight trials, though not with long-range reconnaissance equipment installed. The Heinkel firm had been requested to take over the technical direction of the whole project. The H e 211 is a low wing long-range reconnaissance aircraft with a wing of the extremely high aspect ratio (this aircraft was later resurrected to be a 20 passenger transport in the late 1950’s). The DO 335 was to be further developed. The H e 219 was only to be developed as authorized by the night fighter commission. Flying wings. The H 0229 was to be developed in conjunction with the Gotha, and three prototypes of the Horten VII were to be completed. Research aircraft. Emphasis was placed on the ramjet propulsion system of the Lippisch P13 and the DFS 228 rocket propelled reconnaissance aircraft described by the Germans as a glider with rocket unit for altitudes in excess of 65,000 ft. It was stated that the best employment of these types would be decided when the tests were in hand. Many points were to be clarified; for example, bailing out from great altitude's. Ten prototypes would be completed. DFS 228 Rocket Propelled Reconnaissance Aircraft. Three samples of the 8-332 rocket propelled glider were ordered. This was a pure research aircraft for profile measurements at high Reynolds numbers which could not be obtained in the wind tunnel. Work on the 1068 piloted flying model with rocket propulsion was to continue as planned (note this appears to have been a flying scale model of the He 343). No firm had been designated to build the 8-346 research aircraft. Later Siebel was entrusted with this task. The aircraft was to be used for collecting aerodynamic data of the sonic and supersonic flight regimes, which at that time was a new and uncharted area of the flight envelope. Miscellaneous jet propelled aircraft. The Junkers EF 126 project, was mentioned at the meeting as a heavy fighter with one or two Argus impulse Duct Units. Its future depended on the Junkers production capability. It was clear from the minutes of the last meeting that the development of the JU