more information - www.cambridge.org/9781107026766 SCYLLA What’sinaname?UsingtheexampleofafamousmonsterfromGreek myth,thisbookchallengesthedominantviewthatamythicalsymbol denotesasingle,clear-cut“figure”andproposesinsteadtodefinethe name “Scylla” as a combination of three concepts – sea, dog, and woman – whose articulation changes over time. While archaic and classicalGreekversionsusuallyemphasizethemetaphoricalcoherence of Scylla’s components, the name is increasingly treated as a well- definedbutalsoparadoxicalconstructfromthelatefourthcenturybce onward. Proceeding through detailed analyses of Greek and Roman textsandimages,ProfessorHopmanshowshowthesamenamecan variously express anxieties about the sea, dogs, aggressive women, andshymaidens,thusofferinganempiricalresponsetothesemiotic puzzleraisedbynon-referentialpropernames. marianne govers hopman is Assistant Professor of Classics andComparativeLiteraryStudiesatNorthwesternUniversity. SCYLLA Myth, Metaphor, Paradox MARIANNE GOVERS HOPMAN cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107026766 (cid:2)c MarianneGoversHopman2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata Hopman,Marianne,1974– Scylla:myth,metaphor,paradox/MarianneGoversHopman. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-1-107-02676-6 1.ScyllaandCharybdis(Greekmythology) I.Title. bl820.s39h67 2012 292.1(cid:3)3–dc23 2012017772 isbn978-1-107-02676-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Listoffigures pageix Prefaceandacknowledgments xii Noteontransliterationsandtranslations xv Listofabbreviations xviii Introduction 1 1 Asemioticapproachtomythicalnames 8 Scyllainfictionandculturalreflections 11 Mythsandmetaphors 18 Outline i scylla in the odyssey 1 Theimpregnablemonster 23 26 CrossingJason’spath 28 Aparodicduel 31 AfailedHesiodiccombat 34 ScyllaandtheCyclops 2 Apoetichazard 42 43 ThesilenceofOdysseus 44 Forgettingthenostos 48 Competingtraditions 3 Thegulletofthesea 52 53 Eatingupsailors 56 Thevoracioussea 65 Bodyandspace 4 Puzzlesandriddles 71 72 Scyllatheriddle 77 Fromriddletoaporia v vi Contents 80 Sailingtheboundlesssea 83 Enigmaticfemales ii scylla in classical greece 5 Afemininecomposite 91 93 Textsandimages 96 Howtomakeamonster 107 Semanticunits 6 Scyllaasfemmefatale 113 114 Sexualanxieties 123 Metaphoricalpivots 131 Visualcatachreses 7 Theuntamedmaiden 142 143 ParthenicScyllae 156 Homologiesandmetaphors 160 ScyllaandThetis iii scylla in hellenistic greece and rome 8 Rationalizingthemonster 175 177 Themonsterasmythodes 180 Threekindsofrationalization 189 Exegetesandpoets 9 Organizingthetradition 195 196 Gatheringacorpus 201 Mythicalbiography 203 Homonyms 209 Thesemanticsofconflation 10 RomanversionsofaGreekmyth 216 217 ExemplaryScyllae 227 Aestheticsofcontrast 11 Psychologyandre-semanticizationinOvid’s Metamorphoses 233 234 Fromcombattaletomaidenstory 239 Metamorphosisascontagion 245 Ambiguousmaidens Contents vii Epilogue 254 254 Fromconcepttofigure 255 Theplasticityofmythicalnames 257 Mythicalhomonyms 259 Conceptualizingmonsters,heroes,andgods Bibliography 264 Indexofpassagesdiscussed 285 IndexofGreekandLatinwords 290 Indexofobjectsdiscussed 292 Generalindex 294 Figures 1 EtruscanivorypyxisfromthePanianecropolis, Chiusi.Florence,ArchaeologicalMuseum73846. (cid:2) Photo C SoprintendenzaperiBeniArcheologici dellaToscana/MuseoArcheologicoNazionale, Firenze. page36 2aandb MinoansealfromKnossos.HeraklionMuseum 337–9,350–2.Photoanddrawing(cid:2)C Corpusder MinoischenundMykenischenSiegel,Marburg. 58 3 CorinthianamphorafromCerveteri.Berlin, StaatlicheMuseenF1652.Photo(cid:2)C bpk,Berlin/ Antikensammlung,StaatlicheMuseen,Berlin, Germany/IngridGeske/ArtResource,NY. 60 4 LateCorinthiancolumn-kraterfromCerveteri. Boston,MuseumofFineArts63.420.Photo(cid:2)C 2012MuseumofFineArts,Boston. 61 5 LateGeometrickraterfromPithecusae,cemeteryin theVallediSanMontano.Ischia,Archaeological Museum168813.Photo(cid:2)C SoprintendenzaSpeciale periBeniArcheologicidiNapoliePompei. 63 6 Paestanred-figurecalyx-kratersignedbyAsteas. Paestum,ArchaeologicalMuseum.Formerlyin Malibu,GettyMuseum81.AE.78.Photoby LeonardoVitola(cid:2)C SoprintendenzaperiBeni ArcheologicidiSalerno.Suconcessionen.37/2011 delMinisteroiBenieleAttivita`Culturali. 98 7 “Melian”clayrelief.Paris,LouvreCA313.Photo(cid:2)C Re´uniondesMuse´esNationaux/ArtResource,NY. 99 8aandb Black-figureamphorafromEtruria.Athens, collectionS.NiarchosA059.Photo(cid:2)C Christie’s Images/TheBridgemanArtLibrary. 100 ix