00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page i SCREEN ADAPTATIONS SHAKESPEARE’S THE TEMPEST THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEXT AND FILM LISA HOPKINS Bloomsbury Methuen Drama An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page ii Bloomsbury Methuen Drama An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as Methuen Drama 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY, METHUEN DRAMA and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in 2008 by Methuen Drama © 2008 Lisa Hopkins Lisa Hopkins has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: PB: 978-0-7136-7910-6 ePDF: 978-1-4081-4966-9 ePub: 978-1-4081-4965-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Series: Screen Adaptations 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page iii contents Acknowledgments iv A note on texts iv Filmography and credits for key films v Part One: Literary contexts The play in its time 3 The play today 19 Adaptations of The Tempest–a brief overview 27 Part Two: From text to screen Introduction –setting the scene 37 Forbidden Planet(dir. Fred Wilcox, 1956) 59 The Tempest(dir. Derek Jarman, 1979) 85 Prospero’s Books (dir. Peter Greenaway, 1991) 105 Conclusion 131 Part Three: Critical responses and the afterlife of text and film Introduction 147 Jarman’s The Tempest 151 Prospero’s Books 161 Forbidden Planet 177 Afterlife 183 Works cited 187 Index 199 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page iv Dedication In fond memory of Archie Markham. Acknowledgements Thanks to Deborah Cartmell, Andrew Glewis, Kirsten Law, Paul Stewart, and Bob White – and most of all, as always, to Chris and Sam Hopkins. A note on texts All quotations from The Tempestare taken from William Shakes- peare, The Tempest, edited by Virginia Mason Vaughan and Alden T. Vaughan (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1999). 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page v credits/filmography Credits for key films Forbidden Planet (1956) Director Fred M. Wilcox Writers Irving Block and Allen Adler Main cast Walter Pidgeon Dr Edward Morbius Anne Francis Altaira Morbius Leslie Nielsen Commander John J. Adams Warren Stevens Lt ‘Doc’ Ostrow Jack Kelly Lt Jerry Farman Richard Anderson Chief Engineer Quinn Earl Holliman James Dirocco, the cook Robby the Robot Robby, The Robot George Wallace Bosun Robert Dix Grey (as Bob Dix) Jimmy Thompson Youngerford James Drury Joe Strong Harry Harvey Jr Randall Roger McGee Lindstrom Peter Miller Moran 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page vi vi screen adaptations: the tempest The Tempest(1979) Director Derek Jarman Writers Derek Jarman and William Shakespeare Main Cast Peter Bull Alonso, the King of Naples David Meyer Ferdinand, his son Neil Cunningham Sebastian, his brother Heathcote Williams Prospero, the Right Duke of Milan Toyah Willcox Miranda, his daughter Richard Warwick Antonio, his brother Karl Johnson Ariel, an airy spirit Jack Birkett Caliban, a savage and deformed slave Christopher Biggins Stephano, a drunken mariner Peter Turner Trinculo, his friend Ken Campbell Gonzalo, an honest councillor Elisabeth Welch A Goddess Claire Davenport Sycorax Kate Temple Young Miranda Helen Wellington-Lloyd A Spirit Prospero’s Books(1991) Director Peter Greenaway Writers William Shakespeare and Peter Greenaway Main cast John Gielgud Prospero Michael Clark Caliban Michel Blanc Alonso Erland Josephson Gonzalo Isabelle Pasco Miranda Tom Bell Antonio Kenneth Cranham Sebastian Mark Rylance Ferdinand Gerard Thoolen Adrian Pierre Bokma Francisco Jim van der Woude Trinculo Michiel Romeyn Stephano Orpheo Ariel Paul Russell Ariel James Thiérrée Ariel 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page vii credits/filmography vii Other films referred to 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) Directed by Stanley Kubrick for Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer. A Midsummer Night’s Dream(1935) Directed by Max Reinhardt for Warner Bros. A Midsummer Night’s Dream(1984) Directed by Celestino Coronado for Cabochon. Caravaggio(1986) Directed by Derek Jarman for the British Film Institute. Edward II(1991) Directed by Derek Jarman for the British Broadc asting Corporation. Fight Club(1999) Directed by David Fincher for Art Linson Productions. Gone With the Wind(1939) Directed by Victor Fleming for Selznick Inter - national Pictures. Gremlins(1984) Directed by Joe Dante for Amblin Entertainment. Hotel(2001) Directed by Mike Figgis for Cattleya. Iguana(1988) Directed by Monte Hellman for Arco Films. Invasion of the Body Snatchers(1956) Directed by Don Siegel for Walter Wanger Productions. Island of Lost Souls(1932) Directed by Eric C. Kenton for Paramount Pictures. Jubilee(1977) Directed by Derek Jarman for Megalovision. Lassie Come Home(1943) Directed by Fred M. Wilcox for Loew’s. Never on Sunday (1960) Directed by Jules Dassin for Lopert Pictures Corporation. Nosferatu(1922) Directed by F. W. Murnau for Jofa-Atelier Berlin-Johannisthal. Pocahontas(1995) Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg for Walt Disney Feature Animation. Requiem for Methuselah(1969) Directed by Murray Golden as episode 76 of Star Trekseries one. Resan till Melonia(1989) Directed by Per Åhlin for PennFilm Studio. Robocop(1987) Directed by Paul Verhoeven for Orion Pictures Corporation. Tempest(1982) Directed by Paul Mazursky for Columbia Pictures Corporation. The Belly of an Architect(1987) Directed by Peter Greenaway for British Screen Hemdale. 00The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:49 Page viii viii screen adaptations: the tempest The Draughtsman’s Contract(1982) Directed by Peter Greenaway for the British Film Institute. The Invisible Boy(1957) Directed by Herman Hoffman for Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer. The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers(2002) Directed by Peter Jackson for New Line Cinema. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King(2003) Directed by Peter Jackson for New Line Cinema. The Running Man(1987) Directed by Paul Michael Glaser for Braveworld Productions. The Tempest(1908) Directed by Percy Stow for the Clarendon Film Company. The Tempest(1939) Directed by Dallas Bower for the British Broadc asting Corporation. The Tempest(1980) Directed by John Gorrie for the British Broadc asting Corporation. The Tempest(1992) Directed by Stanislav Sokolov for Christmas Films. The Tempest(1998) Directed by Jack Bender for Bonnie Raskin Productions. The Wizard of Oz(1939) Directed by Victor Fleming for Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer. William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet(1996) Directed by Baz Lurhmann for Bazmark Films. Yellow Sky(1949) Directed by William A. Wellman for Twentieth-Century Fox. Zorba the Greek(1964) Directed by Mihalis Kakogiannis for Rochley. Television series Babylon 5 Lost in Space Star Trek 01The Tempest:Layout 1 30/4/08 12:50 Page 1 PART 1: Literary contexts