Scilab Textbook Companion for Stoichiometry by B. I. Bhatt And S. B. Thakore1 Created by Sumit Kumar Singh B.Tech Chemical Engineering NIT Rourkela, Odhisa College Teacher Hara Mohan Jena Cross-Checked by Ganesh July 31, 2019 1Funded by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT, http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. ThisTextbookCompanionandScilab codes written in it can be downloaded from the ”Textbook Companion Project” section at the website http://scilab.in Book Description Title: Stoichiometry Author: B. I. Bhatt And S. B. Thakore Publisher: Tata McGraw - Hill Education Edition: 5 Year: 2010 ISBN: 9780070681149 1 Scilab numbering policy used in this document and the relation to the above book. Exa Example (Solved example) Eqn Equation (Particular equation of the above book) AP Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular Example of the above book) Forexample, Exa3.51meanssolvedexample3.51ofthisbook. Sec2.3means a scilab code whose theory is explained in Section 2.3 of the book. 2 Contents ListofScilabCodes 4 1 Dimensions and Units 5 2 Basic Chemical Calculations 9 3 Material Balances without Chemical Reaction 35 4 Material Balances Involving Chemical Reactions 52 5 Energy Balances 79 6 Stoichiometry and Unit Operations 134 7 Combustion 168 3 List of Scilab Codes Exa 1.1 Mass flow rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exa 1.2 steam velocity in pipeline . . . . . . . . . . 6 Exa 1.3 conversion of TR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Exa 1.4 conversion of equation into SI units . . . . . 7 Exa 2.1 gm of NH4Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exa 2.2 equivalent moles of CuSO4 . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exa 2.3 moles of K2CO3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Exa 2.4 no of atoms of BaCl2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Exa 2.5 equivalent mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Exa 2.6 equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Exa 2.7 composition of mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Exa 2.8 composition and molar mass . . . . . . . . . 14 Exa 2.9 actual urea content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Exa 2.10 mass percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Exa 2.11 no of ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Exa 2.12 composition of solution . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Exa 2.13 composition of solution . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Exa 2.14 Na2O percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Exa 2.15 TOC and ThOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Exa 2.16 conc of salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Exa 2.17 ppm unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Exa 2.18 molarity normality and molality . . . . . . . 23 Exa 2.19 molarity of solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Exa 2.20 conc of CO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exa 2.21 pH of HOCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exa 2.22 Mavg and composition of air . . . . . . . . . 26 Exa 2.23 Composition and specific gravity . . . . . . 27 Exa 2.24 percentage error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4 Exa 2.25 molar volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exa 2.26 ternary mix analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Exa 2.27 vapour mix composition . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exa 2.28 absolute humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exa 2.29 nozzle outlet T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Exa 3.1 Lancashire boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Exa 3.2 Textile mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exa 3.3 recovered tannin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exa 3.4 Extraction of dry neem leaves . . . . . . . . 37 Exa 3.5 Extraction of mix of Acetone and Chloroform 38 Exa 3.6 Pressure Swing Adsorption . . . . . . . . . . 39 Exa 3.7 Required Oleum strength . . . . . . . . . . 40 Exa 3.8 Mixed acid formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Exa 3.9 Actual analysis of borewell water . . . . . . 41 Exa 3.10 Matrix use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exa 3.11 Flowrate calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exa 3.12 solving eqs with graphical plot . . . . . . . . 44 Exa 3.14 ion exclusion process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exa 3.15 Air Conditioning plant . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exa 3.16 Overall efficiency of Pulp Mill . . . . . . . . 47 Exa 3.17 2 stage membrane CO separation . . . . . . 48 Exa 3.18 2 stage reverse osmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exa 3.20 Purging by atmospheric pressure method . . 51 Exa 4.1 Manufacture of MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Exa 4.2 Bechamp Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Exa 4.3 Pilot Plant Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Exa 4.4 Manufacturing of Acetaldehyde . . . . . . . 55 Exa 4.5 Lime Soda process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Exa 4.6 Manufacture of Ammonia by Fertilizer plant 57 Exa 4.7 Saponification of Tallow . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Exa 4.8 Sulphur Burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Exa 4.9 Hydrogenation of Refined Soybean oil . . . . 60 Exa 4.10 Material Balance in Formox Process . . . . 62 Exa 4.11 Pyrites fines roasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Exa 4.12 Burning of Pyrites and ZnS . . . . . . . . . 65 Exa 4.13 Raising pH with NaOH . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Exa 4.14 Solving eg 10 with Linear Model Method . . 68 Exa 4.15 Electrochemical cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5 Exa 4.16 Hooker type Diaphragm Cell . . . . . . . . . 70 Exa 4.17 Naptha Reforming to Ammonia . . . . . . . 71 Exa 4.18 Additional membrane separator in eg 17 . . 72 Exa 4.19 Partial Demineralisation Plant . . . . . . . . 73 Exa 4.20 Capacity increment by Second Reactor . . . 74 Exa 4.21 Blast Furnace Calculations . . . . . . . . . . 76 Exa 5.1 Pumping of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Exa 5.2 Heating of CH4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Exa 5.3 Calculation of heat added . . . . . . . . . . 81 Exa 5.4 Heating of Toulene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Exa 5.5 Aq caustic soda heating . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Exa 5.6 Heating Chlorinated diphenyl . . . . . . . . 83 Exa 5.7 Roasting of pyrites fine . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Exa 5.8 Anniline and water mix subcooled . . . . . . 84 Exa 5.9 Vapor Pressure calculations . . . . . . . . . 85 Exa 5.10 Calculations on O zylene . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Exa 5.11 latent heat of vaporization of ethanol . . . . 87 Exa 5.12 Saturation P of steam . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Exa 5.13 Bubble and Dew pt calculations . . . . . . . 89 Exa 5.14 Hot air drying machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Exa 5.15 Flow of saturated vapors of R134 . . . . . . 91 Exa 5.16 Liquifaction of Cl2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Exa 5.17 Melting of Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Exa 5.18 steam fluctuation calculations . . . . . . . . 94 Exa 5.19 Manufacture of dry ice . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Exa 5.20 Steam produced in S burner . . . . . . . . . 96 Exa 5.21 Equimoar pentane and hexane mix . . . . . 97 Exa 5.22 Flashing of saturated liq mix . . . . . . . . 98 Exa 5.23 H2 recovery from Refinery off gases . . . . . 99 Exa 5.24 Refrigiration calculations . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Exa 5.25 Chlorination of benzene . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Exa 5.26 Heat of formation of ethylene . . . . . . . . 102 Exa 5.27 Heat of combustion of ethyl mercaptan . . . 102 Exa 5.28 Std heat of formation of gaseous di ethyl ether 103 Exa 5.29 Heat of formation of motor spirit . . . . . . 104 Exa 5.30 Mean heat capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Exa 5.31 Heat of reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Exa 5.32 Std heat of reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6 Exa 5.33 Burning of SO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Exa 5.34 Esterification of acetic acid . . . . . . . . . 107 Exa 5.35 Heat transfer in intercoolers . . . . . . . . . 108 Exa 5.36 Enthalpy balance in the reactor . . . . . . . 109 Exa 5.37 Calculation of circulation rate . . . . . . . . 110 Exa 5.38 Loop reactor for EDC manufacture . . . . . 110 Exa 5.39 Calculations in adiabatic converter . . . . . 112 Exa 5.40 Burning of HCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Exa 5.41 Dehydrogenation of EB . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Exa 5.42 Heat of crystallization . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Exa 5.43 Heat of crystallization . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Exa 5.44 Heat of sol of Boric acid . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Exa 5.45 Heat of dissolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Exa 5.46 T change in dissolution . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Exa 5.47 Using std heat of formations . . . . . . . . . 119 Exa 5.48 Heat effect of the solution . . . . . . . . . . 120 Exa 5.49 Integral heats of solution . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Exa 5.50 Hx for H2SO4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Exa 5.51 Using heat of formations of H2SO4 . . . . . 123 Exa 5.52 Heat to be removed for cooling it to 308K . 124 Exa 5.53 Heat changes in formation of MNB . . . . . 124 Exa 5.54 Final T of solution in absorption of NH3 . . 125 Exa 5.55 Using table 5 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Exa 5.56 Heat removed in cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Exa 5.57 Hx vs x1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Exa 5.58 repat of 5 57 using heat capacities . . . . . . 130 Exa 5.59 He vs x1 of acetone and ethylacetate . . . . 130 Exa 5.60 Heat of dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Exa 5.61 eg 5 60 with use of ice at 273K . . . . . . . 132 Exa 6.1 Overall material and energy balance . . . . 134 Exa 6.2 Cryogenic Separation of Nitrogen . . . . . . 135 Exa 6.3 Azeotropic distillation of IPA and water . . 137 Exa 6.4 CO2 absorption in aq MEA solution . . . . 138 Exa 6.5 Heat effect of Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Exa 6.6 Extraction of Acetic Acid . . . . . . . . . . 142 Exa 6.7 Multiple contact counter current Extractor . 143 Exa 6.8 RecoveryofAceticAcidbyEthylAcetateEx- traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7 Exa 6.9 Yield of Glauber salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Exa 6.10 Cooling in a Crystallizer . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Exa 6.11 Recovery of p DCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Exa 6.12 ExtractiveCrystallizationofoandpnitrochloroben- zenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Exa 6.13 Calculation of Dew Point . . . . . . . . . . 150 Exa 6.14 Calculations on Ambient Air . . . . . . . . . 150 Exa 6.15 Humidification of Air in a Textile Industry . 152 Exa 6.16 Induced draft cooling tower . . . . . . . . . 153 Exa 6.17 Waste Heat recovery unit . . . . . . . . . . 154 Exa 6.18 Recovery of CS2 by adsorption . . . . . . . 155 Exa 6.19 Hooker type diaphragm cell . . . . . . . . . 157 Exa 6.20 Absorption of NH3 from pure gas . . . . . . 158 Exa 6.21 Direct contact counter current rotary drier . 159 Exa 6.22 Hot air dryer of textile mill . . . . . . . . . 161 Exa 6.23 Quadruple effect forward feed evaporator . . 162 Exa 6.24 Triple effect evaporation system . . . . . . . 163 Exa 6.25 Four compartment washing thickner . . . . 165 Exa 7.1 GCV and NCV calculations . . . . . . . . . 168 Exa 7.2 NCV of crude oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Exa 7.3 Gaseous propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Exa 7.4 GCV NCV for natural gas . . . . . . . . . . 170 Exa 7.5 Coal burnt in excess air . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Exa 7.6 Residue fuel oil sample . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Exa 7.7 Orsat analysis of flue gases . . . . . . . . . . 173 Exa 7.8 Sugar factory boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Exa 7.9 Stoker fired water tube boiler . . . . . . . . 176 Exa 7.10 Atomization of fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Exa 7.11 Water tube boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Exa 7.12 Gassification by coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Exa 7.13 Open Hearth steel furnace . . . . . . . . . . 181 8 Chapter 1 Dimensions and Units Scilab code Exa 1.1 Mass flow rate 1 clear; 2 clc; 3 4 // Stoichiometry 5 // Chapter 1 6 // Dimensions and Units 7 8 9 // Example 1.1 10 // Page 12 11 printf(”Example 1.1 , Page 12 \n \n”); 12 13 // solution 14 15 // Using conversion factors from table 1.3 (Pg 9) 16 q1 = 75 // [ gallon/min] ( volumetric flow rate ) 17 q2 = 75/(60*.219969) // [dmˆ3/s ] 18 row = 0.8 // [kg/dmˆ3] 19 q3 = q2*row // [kg/s ] (mass flow rate ) 20 printf(”mass flow rate = ”+string(q3)+” [kg/s ] \n”) 9