Scientific Publishing CHANDOS INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SERIES Series Editor: Ruth Rikowski (e-mail: [email protected]) Chandos’ new series of books are aimed at the busy information professional. They have been specially commissioned to provide the reader with an authoritative view of current thinking. They are designed to provide easy-to-read and (most importantly) practical coverage of topics that are of interest to librarians and other information professionals. If you would like a full listing of current and forthcoming titles, please visit our website www.chandospublishing.com or e-mail [email protected] or telephone +44 (0) 1223 891358. New authors: we are always pleased to receive ideas for new titles; if you would like to write a book for Chandos, please contact Dr Glyn Jones on e-mail [email protected] or telephone number +44 (0) 1993 848726. Bulk orders: some organisations buy a number of copies of our books. If you are interested in doing this, we would be pleased to discuss a discount. Please e-mail [email protected] or telephone +44 (0) 1223 891358. Scientific Publishing: From vanity to strategy H E. R , ANS OOSENDAAL K Z -K , ASIA ALEWSKA UREK P A.T .M. G ETER H EURTS AND E R. H BERHARD ILF Chandos Publishing Oxford · Cambridge · New Delhi Chandos Publishing TBAC Business Centre Avenue 4 Station Lane Witney Oxford OX28 4BN UK Tel: +44 (0) 1993 848726 E-mail: [email protected] www.chandospublishing.com Chandos Publishing is an imprint of Woodhead Publishing Limited Woodhead Publishing Limited Abington Hall Granta Park Great Abington Cambridge CB21 6AH UK www.woodheadpublishing.com First published in 2010 ISBN: 978 1 84334 490 2 © Hans E. Roosendaal, Kasia Zalewska-Kurek, Peter A.Th.M. Geurts and Eberhard R. Hilf, 2010 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the Publishers. This publication may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published without the prior consent of the Publishers. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The Publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this publication and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. The material contained in this publication constitutes general guidelines only and does not represent to be advice on any particular matter. No reader or purchaser should act on the basis of material contained in this publication without first taking professional advice appropriate to their particular circumstances. Any screenshots in this publication are the copyright of the website owner(s), unless indicated otherwise. Typeset in the UKby Concerto. Printed in the UK and USA. List of tables and figures Tables 2.1 Proposed roles of the business model and their sources 11 Figures 3.1 Modes of strategic positioning 30 4.1 The distribution of the modes in the MESA+ sample 42 4.2 The distribution of motives to publish 45 4.3 The distribution of motives for choosing journals when submitting articles 46 4.4 Predicted production of knowledge in terms of papers produced per year for the MESA+ sample as a function of strategic interdependence and organisational autonomy 48 5.1 Tetrahedron representing the market forces in scientific information 63 5.2 Tetrahedron representing the functions in scientific information 64 5.3 Functions in scientific information 65 vii Scientific Publishing 7.1 The subscription model 119 7.2 Open access model 121 7.3 Optional business model with added-value services 123 8.1 Different types of integration 128 viii About the authors Hans E. Roosendaal is professor of strategic management at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His specialisation is in strategic knowledge and information management. Educated as a physicist, in 1974 he joined the University of Bielefeld (Germany) as faculty staff. Between 1983 and 1998 he served Elsevier Science in various management positions as publisher and in corporate strategy and acquisitions. He joined the University of Twente in 1998 as chief information officer, and has also served as a member of the executive board of the university. He has authored journal and book articles on both surface physics and scientific information. The articles on scientific information focus on strategic aspects of the transformation to a digital environment. Hans is chairman of the Foundation natuurkunde.nl, a foundation supported by the Dutch physics community with the aim of making physics more attractive to young people. To this end, the foundation operates two websites: www.natuurkunde.nl and www.sciencespace.nl. He served on a number of evaluation committees on digital libraries, e-science and e-learning, and from 2004 to 2008 was a member of the BMBF standing evaluation committee on D-Grid. Since 2006 he has been a member of ix Scientific Publishing the Standing Accreditation Committee of the Zentrale Evaluations- und Akkreditierungsagentur, Hannover, Germany. Kasia Zalewska-Kurek is assistant professor at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. She holds a master’s degree in sociology from the University of Wroclaw, Poland, and has specialised in the sociology of small urban and rural communities. Her master’s thesis dealt with the quality of life in a small town, describing relations between the perceived quality of life and a number of external influences such as economic, cultural and social factors (derived from Manuel Castells’s theory of urban subsystems). In 2004 she joined the University of Twente to pursue a PhD, and in 2008 defended her dissertation, entitled ‘Strategies in the production and dissemination of knowledge’. The dissertation answers questions on the dynamics of and conditions affecting the production of knowledge; it also applies the concept of the business model to the research environment. Her research interest is in the strategic management and organisation of scientific research: in the research process, including production and transfer of knowledge, and in the management of research institutes and universities. She has co-authored articles and a book chapter on the management of the production of knowledge and scientific information. Peter A.Th.M. Geurts is associate professor for research methods and methodology of the social sciences at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. He specialises in survey methods at large, and more specifically in such methods in the context of contingent valuation and international comparisons. Educated in mathematical x About the authors sociology, he joined the University of Twente as faculty staff responsible for the teaching of research methods in public administration. He has authored books on methodological issues concerning questionnaire construction and research proposals, and books and journal articles on scientific information, mixed methods, contingent valuation of welfare change and issues of social and political participation in democracies. Since the beginning of the 1990s he has conducted and published several studies on the impact of ICT, more specifically the internet, on publishing models in science and developments in scientific and business communication. His primary concern here is the theoretical and empirical underpinning of the transitions taking place under the influence of the internet. Peter is a member of advisory committees for research grants of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and a reviewer for several scientific journals. Eberhard R. Hilf is CEO of the Institute for Science Networking Oldenburg associated with the Carl von Ossietzky University. The institute works on innovative services for the management of scientific information in the digital age. Eberhard’s interests are digital scientific publication services: refereeing, printing on demand, metadata, distribution, networking and semantic analysis, with open access as a prerequisite. Educated as a theoretical physicist (Hamburg, Munich, Berlin and Frankfurt), he was a research assistant at the University of Würzburg and professor at the Universities of Düsseldorf, Darmstadt and Oldenburg, with sabbaticals at xi Scientific Publishing Seattle, Jerusalem, New York and Orsay/Paris. He has organised many scientific conferences in both physics and science information management. Eberhard was on the scientific advisory boards for HAL, the CNRS Central Archive, the National Data-Centre FIZ Karlsruhe, the National Networking of Chemistry e- Learning and the Virtual Scientific Library ViFaPhys (Technical Information Library TIB Hannover), and a member of the Action Committee for Publication and Scientific Communication (EPS European Physical Society). He has served in the DINI German Initiative for Network Information, and co-founded and chaired the IuK Initiative for Information and Communication of the German Learned Societies, and the Action Group for the reform of the Urheberrechtsgesetz for science and academic learning. xii