PRS Report— Science & § Technology China Science & Technology China JPRS-CST-91-002 CONTENTS 16 January 199] SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY Intellectual Rights Must Be Protected /CHINA DAILY, 13 DOC QO] coccccccccccccccccccccecsceseeeseseneeeenseeeeeeeneees Soviet Link to Aid Ocean Studies /Wang Rong; CHINA DAILY, 23 Nov QO] oocccccccccccccccccccccees. coccuuueeweees DEFENSE R&D Tank Simulator Offers High-Tech Target Practice /Li Sheng; CHINA DAILY, 18 Dec 90] ......ccccccccccccees ADVANCED MATERIALS World-Record Magnetic Energy Product for Nd-Fe-B _— Material [Hu Zuo; KEJI RIBAO, 6 Dec 90). ssasakueasepuucesshsreremtess sunnsees BIOTECHNOLOGY Studies on the Synthetic Method of 2°, 3’-Dideoxynucleosides {Li Yingfu, Yi Changhou; SICHUAN DAXUE XUEBAO [JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY—NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION], Vol 27 No 4, NOV QO] coccccccccccccccccccccccceseeceeseeeeeeeeeeeens Comparison of Three Methods for Screening Aflatoxin-Producing Strains [Wang Zhigang, Tong Zhe, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5S, Sep QO] .....cccccccccccccccccssecccesscecssceessseeessceseeseceneeceneeeeeueeeeeneueeeeees The Natural Infection Rate of Mosquitoes by Japanese Encephalitis B Virus in Yunnan Province [Zhang Hailin, Zi Dengyun, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5, Sep QO] ....ccccccccccccccccccccccesececesseceeessecceseeceseeeseeeecteeeeneneeeeeeeeeceees Study on Natural Infection of Epidemic Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Leptotrombidium scutellare [Zhang Yun, Dou Rui, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5, Sep QO] ........cccccssscccsssssccessscccsccessnecsencssscscssscceesecesseeesssseeesessens Survey of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus from Soils of Four Provinces of China and Their Principal Biological Properties [Li Rongsen, Dai Shunying, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA], FO FFD, GE UN aise ccensaecs sa enencn es cere reaper pecastere strep ernest neeeans costo ncnemasieenenanaaeaas Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Larvicidal Toxic Proteins of Bacillus Sphaericus Ts-1 [Wang Jian, Ren Gaixin, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA], OE Fe IOS, GE TD oasis ecinsacsscsasncdussvcseinexinsesesitspaaudenssancasancsrndednennevanasnsadencissiesnbscipoenvcetiixveaemanreaninsvsess The Location of Nodulation Genes in Rhizobium Astragali [Wei Hui, Li Fudi, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA], PE ee TD TE TN ascii ceases ens tere tenn ten tren drt edad edness an ot ences ean Construction of Frankia Genomic Libraries and Isolation of Clones Homologous to Nodulation Genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum [Cui Yuhai, Qin Min, et al; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA], Vol 17 No 5, Oct 90] . 6 Stability and Gene Expression of Foreign Plasmid in Bacillus subtilis BF7658 [Geng Yungqi, Jiang Ruzhang, et al; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENEFTICA SINICA,] WO EOD, COU GO anise inane da tances sic csn sass cinta pany ces teas career necator eee eevaas isan Cloning and Expression of E. coli Glucose Isomerase Gene in Streptomyces lividans [Tan Huarong, He Song, et al.; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA], OE AF FO Ay ME Pieces p ene v esta tssneesevcpes tenner siesereseprssnspeconceerteseaseoanseencavusinaaovsreatecpmnitinnintiansenagaaie Location of the PSIIP680 ChlaAP Gene in the Chloroplast Genome of Rice [Zhu Jiahui, Li Jigeng, et al; Y'CHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA], POE D7 FOS, SOOE FO sich csscecavas pensive taee pntn ta eccnaeninechsanets axonanattuetosacnentestgnaen ncaatsnstaiaensiasissmseinseetbsinttneons Construction of a Gene Library and Screening of the Growth Hormone Gene from Sheep [Ren Zhaojun, Feng Qihui, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO [ACTA BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSICA SINICA], Vol 22 No 5, Sep QO] ..cccccccccccccccccsccessceessesseessecesseeeseeeeesteeeeeeens JPRS-CST-91-002 16 January 1991 China ~~ The Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides Activate PHOS-lacZ Fusion Gene Expression [Zhu Shengzu, Yu Qin, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO [ACTA BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSICA SINICA], Vol 22 No 5S, Sep 90] wae | Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharides from Ricinus communis Agglutinin [Gu Xin, Sun Ce, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO [ACTA BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSIC 4 SINICA], Vol 22 No5 , Sep YO) — seeeuyewens 8 Second Generation Artificial Blood Developed in Shanghai [Jiang Shuzhi; WEN HUI BAO, 3 Nov 90]. ........... we: © Immobilized-Living-Cell Fermentation Technique Developed [Wang Kexiang, Sui Rui; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 24 Nov 90]. ..... yuees x Advances in Fermentation Engineering /Li Xigen; KEJI RIBAO, 5 Nov 90) vim © Snake Venom Research Organizations /SHEZH1/ 15 Sep 90) | . crepes teieeanantans 9 COMPUTERS Neural Network Expert Systems and Their Application in Nuclear Reactor Fault Diagnosis [Yang Yiping, Tai Juwei; DIANZI XUEBAO, Nov 90] ................. | | paeeienesenias 10 FACTORY AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS Development of New Robots Described_........ Srajnnwosuaeess 1] Underwater Robots Made by CAS [Zhou Wi onlet BE TING KE JT B 10, 4 Oct 90) versie 14 Intelligent Robot Debuts in Tianjin /Xu Qianwei, Liu Youlin; WEN HUI BAO, 1 Nov 90] ........... 12 LASERS, SENSORS, OPTICS Application of TMS320 Parallel Processing Technology for Ground Surveillance Radar Signal Processing /Jian Ming, Dai eg dl DIANXUN JISHU, Vol 30 No 3, Jun QO) cocccccccccccccccceceeeeeettseeeeeeee 13 Electrostatic Free-Electron-Laser Wiggler [Wang Qingyuan; DIANZI KEXUE XUEKAN, Vol 12 No 5, Sep 90] ........... Leteceeee 14 New Speed Sensor for Tanks, Missiles, Aircraft Developed /Li Jing; KEJI RIB 10. 2? Oct 90) sabusanseseas 16 Field-Emission Micro-Analysis System Developed /Liu Zhiwei; KEJI RIBAO, 14 Oct 90] o......cccccccccce. 16 Warship-Borne Satellite Cloud Imagery Receiver Developed /Xu Wenhua; KEJI RIBAO, 18 Oct 90]. 17 Ultraharmonic Mixer Technology Applied to Laser Detection /Yue Zigiang; KEJI RIBAO, 16 Oct 90) _ 17 Optical-Waveguide-Fiber Industrial Endoscope /Chen Yu; KEJI RIBAO, 6 Oct 90) .o......cc..ccccccccccceseeeeee. 17 Key State Lab for Sound-Field Acoustic Information Technology Opened to Chinese, Foreign Researchers /Liu Qin; KEJI RIBAO, 4 Nov 90] o....cc.ccccccccceceee eeneieeeenases edusanssaneeeespexievasetisinessesen 17 Magneto-Optical Pulse Current Measurement Apparatus Developed [Xin Wen; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 27 Oct QO] .........ccccccccccccccccececceceeceeees 7 sgatenseegent: pavesipeerseeses 18 FIR Laser Photoacoustic Detection System [Su Jinwen, Xiong Shouren, et al; HONGWAI YANJIU, No 4, AUg QO] cocccccccccccccccccccccccccceeee ceeeeeeeesseeeeees 19 MICROELECTRONICS GaAs/GaAlAs Quantum Confined Stark Effect, Self Electro-Optic Bistable Effect [Wu Ronghan, Duan Hailong, et al; BANDAOTI XUEBAO, No9 , Sep QO] c.ccccccccccccccecccccecesesesteesssseesseeee 22 Interferometric Autocorrelation Measurements of Subpicosecond Optical Pulses From |.3-Micron-Wavelength InGaAsP Diode Laser [Jia Gang, Sun Wei, et al; BANDAOTI XUEBAO, No 9, Sep 90]. a 26 High-T. Oxide Granular Superconductor Current-Injection Three- Terminal Devices Fabricated. Studied. /Tang Zudun and Jiang Jianfei; DIANZI XUEBAO, Vol 18 No 5, Sep 90]. ........ ern: | Achievements of CAS Optoelectronics Institute Profiled [Zhu Yonggang and Deng Xianchun; ZHONGGUO JISHU SHICHANG BAO, 6 Oct 90] coccccccccccccecceeess 33 New Magnetron RIE Equipment Developed /Guo Kun; KEJI RIBAO, 24 Oct 90]. ..... aise oo New Test Instrument for Satellite Navigation Receivers Developed [Liu Shiguang and Zhao Jin; KEJI RIBAO, 17 Oct QO] cocccccccccccccccccceecceceeceees — tecleuesueucias 34 Fuzzy-Relation Equation-Solving Circuit Realized with SCMAIC [Lin Weiping; DIANZI XUEBAO, Vol 18 No 5, Sep 90] ...ccccccccccccccccccecceee. Witenes: oe JPRS-CST-91-002 16 January 1991 3 China PHYSICS Chinese Physicists Comment on Cold Fusion Developments /BEIJING KEJI BAO, 20 Oct 90] .........005: 37 Controlled Fusion Research Update /Zhao Xiaoyan; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 30 Oct QO] occccccccccccceceeeeeseeees 37 Studies of Raman Free Electron Laser by Optical Klystron Configuration [Chen Jizhong, Wang Mingchang, et al.; WULI XUEBAO, No 9, Sep 90] ........ccccccccccceececeesseeeesseeeeenneeeenes 38 Design, Construction of BES Main Drift Chamber of BEPC [Ma Jimao, Mao Huishun, et al; GAONENG WULI YU HE WULI, Sep 90] .........cccccccccesceesseeseeesseeeeeees 38 JPRS-CST-91-002 16 January 1991 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 1 Intellectual Rights Must Be Protected Many countries regularly revise their legislation to keep 9]FE0204B Beijing CHINA DAILY in English in step with international progress. 13 Dec 90 p 4 But in China it takes several years from the initial drafting to the adoption of a new law. Meanwhile, laws [Text] If wealth referred mainly to land in ancient times are not adequately enforced. and machines in modern times, it lies largely in intellec- There are three departments in charge of patent, trade tual achievements in today’s society. mark and copyright protection in China. All such affairs are under just one agency in many other countries. In fact, the protection of intellectual property has become a major concern in China. Considerable inconvenience has resulted in the field of international co-operation as a result of differences in The nation’s legislative body, the National People’s the systems, Tang complained. Congress, has approved three laws involving intelleciual In actual fact, he said, some protective measures property, on patent, trademark, and copyright in recen! regarding the nation’s foreign trade are no different from years. the international conventions—only administrative pro- In the hope of promoting the upgrading of domestic tection has to be replaced with legal means. technology and international trade and co-operation Despite the existing laws concerning intellectual prop- three senior scholars discussed the different perspectives erty, the violation of property rights is still rife. Hence on the protection of intellectual property in China the question now is how to enforce the laws effectively, during a recent interview with GUANGMING DAILY. Tang said. When the highly centralized national economy first With foreign trade increasing, there have been more and broke out of the Soviet model and showed an interest in more complaints and inquiries from the foreign side foreign technology and investment, it faced an over- involving the three laws. Meanwhile, there have been whelming demand for legislation meant to safeguard international treaties which involve two or more kinds of intellectual property. intellectual property. When the nation’s lawmakers set out to draft the patent The country might suffer economic losses if its different law in 1979, opinions differed alarmingly, according to departments in charge of intellectual property produce Tang Zongshun, consultant to the State Council and conflicting answers to the same questions, according to vice-chairman of the China branch of the International Zheng Chengsi, a research fellow with the Chinese Association for Intellectual Property Protection. Academy of Social Sciences and director of the China branch of the International Association of Industrial Some people insisted that socialist enterprises should not Property Rights Protection. adopt patents. Still others held that the making of a patent law would largely benefit foreigners because there There must also be proper co-ordination in the making, were fewer inventions in China. revision and explanation of laws in order to eliminate conflicts, Zheng appealed. But all those worries have proved unnecessary, Tang said. There are some widely-accepted principles in the field of international intellectual property protection. Every While providing protection for patent owners, the law country strives to obtain the greatest benefit within the has also allowed the government to co-ordinate domestic limits of international conventions. This seems even patent affairs. This administrative power is expected to more imperative in China’s case, Zheng said. prevent monopolies of technology while safeguarding patent ownership, according to Tang. China has done more than its laws have promised in protecting intellectual property. For example, the patent To the lawmakers’ surprise, the law has stirred up law does not acknowledge the international convention unprecedented enthusiasm for the introduction of inven- that patent owners enjoy the right to ban others from tions and technical innovations throughout the country. importing the same products as theirs. This has been criticized by foreigners as violation of international It is at the same time a strong incentive for foreigners conventions. But in fact, the patent law bestows on who previously maintained a wait-and-see attitude due patent owners the right to prohibit others from using, or to the lack of patent protection in the Chinese market. selling, their products. This is no different from prohib- More and more foreign firms have been attracted to the iting others from importing the same products. There- country, bringing funds as well as technology. fore, Zheng said, the disregard of the convention is merely nominal in the law. The problem can be solved However, Tang said, the nation has to do more to catch easily through a slight rewording. up with advanced countries in this field. Now that the nation is attempting to adopt international standards, it Guo Shoukang, professor of law and chairman of the must make immediate efforts to narrow the gap. Intellectual Property Protection Teaching and Research JPRS-CST-91-002 2 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 16 January 1991 Centre of the Chinese People’s University, called for He said China and the Soviet Union would co-operate in more detailed regulations and stricter enforcement of the a wide range of fields, from marine physics and geology existing laws. to information exchange and instrument development. Co-operation would follow the principles laid down by the agreement, which was valid for five years. Soviet Link to Aid Ocean Studies Sino-Soviet co-operation, he said, was based on the 91FE0204A Beijing CHINA DAILY in English mutual interest in study of the western part of the North 23 Nov 90 p 1 Pacific which both countries bordered in the east, and of the Kuroshio, a northward-moving warm current origi- nating in waters near the tropics and heading into the [Article by Wang Rong] Japan Sea. [Text] China’s drive in promoting international co- Yan said the two countries could complement each other operation in oceanic studies is to enter a new phase next in marine study. year when Chinese oceanologists start working with their China engaged mainly in the study of coastal waters, he Soviet counterparts for the first time. said, and could learn from the Soviet Union’s oceanic The contracts for several co-operation projects in the research in geological structure, marine surveys, area will be finalized next May when a group of Soviet charting, marine resources utilization and environ- delegates come to Beijing, according to Yan Hongmo, mental protection. The country’s wealth of oceanic infor- director of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA). mation would also be useful. On the other hand, he said, the Soviet Union could profit The contracts are the result of a bilateral agreement on from China’s updated instrumeiuts, data processing tech- co-operation in oceanic studies for peaceful purposes niques and marine exploration technology. which are signed in September in Moscow by the SOA and the Soviet State Committee for Science and Tech- Meanwhile, Yan said the SOA was expecting its 10th nology. foreign partner—Francc—from ongoing negotiations between the two countries. The agreement made the Soviet Union the SOA’s ninth partner in oceanic studies for peaceful purposes, fol- “Oceanology can’t do without exchange,” he said. “And lowing the United States, Germany, Japan, the Demo- China is willing to co-operate with other countries in cratic People’s Republic ot Korea and four Latin Amer- pioeering and global oceanic studies, especially those ican countries, Yan said. bordering the western part of the North Pacific.” JPRS-CST-91-002 16 January 19°1 DEFENSE R&D 3 Tank Simulator Offers High-Tech Target Practice According to Liao Wenliang, the head of the research 40100019 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English group for the tank simulators, 15 TSM-2s have been put 18 Dec 90 p 5 into use in Chinese army units or schools in the past 3 years and they have been well received because of their relatively low cost and high degree of realism. {Article by Li Sheng] Training on the TSM-2 costs only 1/270th as much as in [Text] Looking through a telescope with your right hand a real vehicle, while on the new TCM-! the cost is holding on to a firing control gear, operating the TCM-1 1/2,500th of what the cost would be in a real tank, Liao tank firing simulator is very much like playing a video said. Because of limited funds, a tank gunner can only game. expect to fire four to six shells during his 2 or 3 years of You feel as if you are in the real thing as you try to aim army service. But tank simulators can provide adequate and fire at the moving targets while sitting in a tilting training at an affordable price, Liao said. In 1987, two chair, listening to the gunfire. groups of gunners were trained separately on the TSM-2s and the real tanks for a month and there was not a Designed by the Beijing Special Vehicle Research Insti- significant difference in their results. tute, the new TCM-1 is used to train the tank turret crew in the hand!ing of turret controls and firing procedures. Last year the TSM-2 won a first-class award for military Equipped with the latest laser and computer technology, technical achievement. This year it has been exported on it has reached the level of advanced international! tank the international market at a price of $150,000. The simulators. export model has adopted a new control system, which has greatly improved the machine’s reliability and appli- The tank’s elevation, deflection and other control gears cations. are realistically simulated to allow trainees to practise tracking, aiming and firing at moving as well as sta- More realistic and flexible, the new TCM-1 model is also tionary targets. available for export now at a price of $500,000. Instead of using ready-made slide pictures, it uses a laser disc to The TCM-! is an improved version of TSM-2. Both are store and produce a firing drill background in front of used for firing training of T-59, T-69, T-54 and T-54A the telescope and its computer creates targets that can tank gunners, but with slight modifications, they can be move against the background and imitate being fired at used for other types of tanks and guns. with life-like sounds and images. The TSM-2 only takes one gunner at a time for firing The commander on the TCM-1 can observe the target practice, while the more sophisticated TCM-1! can pro- area through a periscope and give orders to loaders and vide teamwork training for the whole turret crew— gunners. The crew can feel the simulated barrel recoil commander, gunner and loader. and its vibration just as in a real tank. JPRS-CST-91-002 4 ADVANCED MATERIALS 16 January 1991 World-Record Magnetic Energy Product for vale of 415 KJ/m* (52.2 megagauss-oersteds), sur- Nd-Fe-B Magnet Material passing the previously reported world record of 402 KJ/m° (50.6 megagauss-oersteds) set by Japanese 91P60066A Beijing KEJI RIBAO [SCIENCE AND researchers. TECHNOLOGY DAILY] in Chinese 6 Dec 90 p 1 Over the past three years, 52-year-old scientist Xie [Article by Hu Zuo [5170 1563]: “Baotou Neodymium- Hongzu [6200 1347 4371] and his three approximately Iron-Boron Permanent-Magnet Material’s Magnetic 30-year-old assistants, using domestically developed and Energy Product Sets World Record”’} manufactured equipment, have perfected a low- oxygen-supply technique for industrial-scale production [Summary] Hohhot, 4 Dec—It has been learned from the of the material. In their experiments, all of the samples Baotou Rare-Earth Research Institute (BREI) that—as had a magnetic energy product of 390 KJ/m’° or higher, verified the other day by the China Institute of Metrol- with the best attaining the aforementioned value of 415 ogy—the magnetic energy product of the NdFeB perma- KJ/m*. BREI will begin industrial-scale production of nent-magnet material developed by BREI has reached a the material next year [i.e., 1991]. y JPRS-CST-91-002 16 January 1991 BIOTECHNOLOGY 5 Studies on the Synthetic Method of 2’, false negative and positive were discussed. It was sug- 3°’-Dideoxynucleosides gested that AM method be a safe, simple, and reliable method for screening aflatoxigenic strains. 40091004N Chengdu SICHUAN DAXUE XUEBAO [JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY—NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION] in Chinese Vol 27 No 4, Nov 90 The Natural Infection Rate of Mosquitoes by Dp 478 Japanese Encephalitis B Virus in Yunnan Province [Article by Li Yingfu [2621 5391 1381] and Yi 40091004L Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE Changhou [1707 2490 0624], Department of Chemistry] ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 267 [Abstract] A new synthetic route of 2’, 3’- dideoxynucleosides which are now being clinically eval- [Article by Zhang Halin [1728 3189 2651], Zi Dengyun uated as treatment against AIDS is suggested and the [5261 4098 0061, et al.; Yunnan Provincial Institute for synthetic method of the dideoxynue-leosides prepared Control and Research of Epidemic Diseases, Dali] with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as the starting material is reported. High optical purity (greater than 90 percent) [Abstract] In July-September 1983-1987, 57,898 adult (S)-Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate was successfully obtained female mosquitoes belonging to 29 species of 8 genera by the optical resolution of (plus or minus)- were collected from Japanese B encephalitis (JE) epi- tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with D-camphor-10-sulforyl demic areas in Yunnan, China, and were examined by C chloride. The radical chlorination of tetrahydrofurfuryl 6/36 cell method and sucking mouse method. Twenty- acetate was investigated by use of'H-NMR and 5- eight strains of JE virus were isolated from Culex tritae- o-acetyl-2, 3-dideoxypentofuyanoyl chloride, a new niorhychus, C. whitomorei, C. pseudovishnui, C. fusco- important intermediate prepared 2’, 3’- dideoxynucleo- cephala, C. annulus, C. gelidus, Anopheles sinensis, sides, was synthesised. For the intermediate, the effects Mansonia uniformis, Aedes albopictus, Ae. Vexans, Ae. of changes in reaction time, temperature and mole ration lineatopennis, and Ae. assamensis. The positive isola- of reactants on the reaction products were determined, tion rates by the two methods were 6.19 percent and 3.33 the optimum conditions of the reaction were obtained percent respectively. The highest positive isolation rate and the yield of 5-o-acetyl-2, 3-pentfaranoy! chloride 12.3 percent (per 100 pools), mosquito body virus carrier could be increased up to 50 percent from 10 percent. The rate 1208 or mosquito body virus carrier rate 4.81 possibility of the further condensation with the bases of percent (per 1000 mosquitoes) were found in the middle nucleosides was also discussed. 10 days of August, corresponding to epidemic peak of JBE Nine strains of JE virus were isolated from C Comparison of Three Methods for Screening tritaeniorhynchus with an isolation rate of 7.44 percent Aflatoxin-Producing Strains natural isolation ratio was 2.584 percent and mosquito body virus carrier rate 1.71 percent. These results indi- 40091004M Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE cated that C. tritaeniorhynchus might be the main vector ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE of JE virus in Yunnan, while C. whitmorei, C. pseudov- MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 289 ishnui and An. sinensis are also important vectors of JE virus in Yunnan. [Article by Wang Zhigang [3769 1807 0474], Tong Zhe [4547 5764], et al.; Zhejiang Institute of Food Safety Study on Natural Infection of Epidemic Control and Inspection, Hangzhou] Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Leptotrombidium [Abstract] By using rice medium microcolumn method, scutellare aflatoxin-producing ability medium dish method (APA 40091004K Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE method), A and M medium thin-layer chromato scanner ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE method (AM method), 76 strains of Aspergillus flavus MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 263-264 from the foodstuffs in Zhejiang province were screened for aflatoxin-producing strains, and which were con- [Article by Zhang Yun [1728 0061], Dou Rui [4535 firmed with thin-layer chromatography method. Using 5605], et al.; Institute of Military Medicine PLA, Nan- the above three methods, aflatoxin-producing strains jing] rates were detected respectively in 11.8 percent, 9.2 percent and 18.4 percent. Twenty aflatoxigenic strains [Abstract] Leptotrombidium (L.) scutellare was consid- were determined positive by all three methods (26.3 ered to be the suspected vector of epidemic haemor- percent). All three methods showed false negatives. The rhagic fever (EHF). In order to clarify the relationship AM method and APA method both showed false posi- between this mite and EHF, from October to November tives. The causes of false negatives and positives were 1988 and October of 1989, the larvae of this mite were discussed and the accord-rate of AM method with other collected from rats in areas with constantly high inci- methods was the highest as compared with that of dence of EHF in Shanxi Province and larvae with only a microcolumn or APA method. False positives appeared small quantity of meal were selected and stored for more in both APA method and AM method. The causes of than 15 days before isolation of EHFV. Six strains of JPRS-CST-91-002 6 BIOTECHNOLOGY 16 January 1991 virus were isolated. The virus isolated were identified to The Location of Nodulation Genes in Rhizobium be EHFV by serum test, immunofluorescent blocking Astragali test as well as aeutralization test. The above results 40091004H Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA further demonstrate this mite can naturally be infected MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5, by EHFV and therefore serve as vector of EHF. Oct 90 p 335 Survey of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus from Soils of Four Provinces of China [Article by Wei Hui [7614 6540], Wuhan Institute of and Their Principal Biological Properties Virology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan; Li Fudi {2621 7079 40091004J Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA 2769], Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan] MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5, Oct 90 p 388 [Abstract] Based on the conservation of nod ABC genes [Article by Li Rongsen (2621 2837 2773], Dai Shunying in Rhizobium, authors located the nodulation genes on [2071 7311 5391], et al.; Wuhan Institute of Virology, the plasmids of Rhizobium astragali. Both plasmid Academia Sinica, Wuhan] pRa7653Ra and plasmid pRa7653Rb carried nod genes in strain 7653R. Only plasmid pRa52a carried nod genes [Abstract] A number of isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis in strain $52. In strain SR72, the nod genes were and Bacillus sphaericus were obtained from soils of harbored exclusively on plasmid pRa72a, the BamHI, Southwestern Area and Shaanxi Province of China. HindIII and PstI fragments contained nod ABC genes Among isolates ofB . thuringiensis were under 13 soris of were 22.4 kb, 11.9 kb and 2.2 kb respectively; the EcoRI serotype in total of 23 sorts of B. thuringiensis and about fragments were 4.6 kb and 3.0 kb. In strain HR104, the 20 percent of auto-agglutinate strains. Rules of ecologic nod genes were harbored exclusively on plasmid distribution of two sorts of bacteria were analysed. pRal04a, the BamHI, EcoRI and Pstl fragments con- Toxicities on six species of insects, morphology and tained nod ABC genes were 22.4 kb, 9.1 kb and 2.2 kb crystal proteins of B. thuringiensis, as well as toxicities, morphology and crystal proteins of B. sphaericus, were respectively. investigated. Twenty-two strains of more efficient of B. thuringiensis and 2 strains of more efficient of B. sphaericus were obtained. It was shown that B. thuring- Construction of Frankia Genomic Libraries and iensis is actually soil microorganism, and resource of B. Isolation of Clones Homologous to Nodulation thuringiensis is much fruitful in Southwestern Area of Genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum China. 40091004G Beijing YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 17 No 5, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Oct 90 p 410 - Toxic Proteins of Bacillus Sphaericus s-1 400910041 Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA \Article by Cui Yuhai, Qin Min, et al.; Laboratory of MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5, Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural College, Nan- Oct 90 p 374 ning—Project supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China] [Article by Wang Jian [3769 0256], Ren Gaixin [0117 2395 2450], and Shang Kejin [1424 0344 6651]; Depart- [Abstract] High molecular genomic DNAs were isolated ment of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin] by using the lysozyme plus achromopeptidase system [Abstract] Bacillus sphaericus Ts-! Mosquito larvicidal from Frankia strains At4, Ccol and Hrl6, the root toxins 42 k Da and 43 k Da were isolated by Sephadex nodule endophytes of Alnus, Casuarina and Hippophae G-200 chromatography. Three strains of highly toxic B. respectively, and used to construct genomic libraries in sphaericus and two nontoxic strains were screened for pLAFRI, a broad host range cosmid vector within many toxic proteins using ELISA. The lowest detectable toxin gram-negative hosts. The genomic libraries were level was 1.56 X 10°° mg/ml. Nontoxic strains did not screened by in situ colony hybridization to identify produce antigens reacting to either the 42 kDa or the 43 clones homologious to common nodulation genes of kDa antibodies. Rhizobium leguminosarum, based on the sequence homology of EcoRI-digested Frankia total DNA to nod Ts-1 cultures were examined at 12 h and 24 h and LC,, bioassay against Culex pipiens. The C,,.’s at 12 h and 24 ABC from Rhizobium meliloti. Several clones showing relatively strong hybridization were found, the recombi- h were 0.71 ppm and 0.154 ppm, respectively, the toxin level at 24 h was 4.6 times the level at 12 h. ELISA tests nant plasmid was isolated, and their homology with established total toxin at 0.049 mg/ml and 0.225 mg/m! Rhizobium nodulation genes was confirmed by spot at 12 h and 24 h, respectively, confirming the LC., hybridization. Further work on these positive clones is study. now underway.