6 an DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT a Mt DOE RESEARCH MARKET: 1996 ice of the Chief Scientis ~ Science and Technology Information Note: 1/96 |Al lu wi Nn Mn WOR This Research Market describes the areas of research in which the Department will be commissioning research during 1996/97. It compliments the Department's entry to the 1996 Forward Look of Government—funded Science Engineering and Technology, and serves as an introduction to the Research Newsletters detailing prospective new projects which are issued in each subject area. The Department is committed to using competitive tendering procedures as the normal mechanism for placing work, unless there are significant costs or wider value for money considerations that justify alternative action. It is hoped that this annual paper, taken together with other publications, will continue to provide a source of information for potential contractors to and others interested in the Department's programmes. ah DJ FISK Chief Scientist Department of the Environment © Crown Copyright Printed in Great Britain on recycled paper August 1996 vNea tioSnx inengeate eae ISBN INFORMATION Se € |i WR a yan1997° éEny - Wellcome Centre for Medicali Science Seen ena V+ ET NRE oo es Oe ‘r e : uy. ot si e: ”" ,-, eeiye sc) "Awi p hat a n ae 7 i vet a Ms _ ¥ a Vee Coes U '\ 6 yo 7 < a 7 : ia od Miw sasenting sd sesd eh 08t ian ole ae VOC! ot of rine eecmmraged] ai? etnamilqnnos a QPS! guinub tind ne 28 2192 bus .ygaloniae? bas gahponigad sonate babaui—tommsvo 40; 00. heural ous donde wosjoig wom miso Retin ete eee witoub inamow 36 ea esiub. oswg gtivebes? ovititaqmoo, gaiew of botiimarosa ina‘aWran agaexedl cofwT nee voe wt duley yabiw yo 200d inscitingis sxe aaarls eastny drow griiosiq xt meissdoom ca rahiage cedet 2eqeg levers ait ted! boqod art noiios svityetitemnt tiad?a tototeirbieen0 s lennaog iot toiamobai Yo sewoe s abivorq ots untinoo ttiw:jeagBeotidug toda’ ditw ” " | comamesgong #varhegatl ori beter ea Ba aCe : 2 aonn ae te Bei kaee | ice ee : ies 8? cr *Rirea Le xsereripasini aay pea og | | | : hafB oag ¥ _ ; LNs ity hye one ite har sc Dhl | eae Sobek | Cote ; r ; 4 TY een) Bry bi % Ha) on) ean INTRODUCTION 1. The Department of the Environment aims to promote good government, sustainable development, the quality of the natural and built environment and economic competitiveness. It encourages and funds Science, Engineering and Technology in support of Departmental policy, statutory, operational, regulatory and industrial sponsorship responsibilities. Wherever possible it involves and co-operates with others in meeting these responsibilities and ensures that the public has access to the results of the Department's research. DOE R & D 1996/97: GENERAL BACKGROUND 2. The DOE's main policy responsibilities cover Environment Protection, Local Development, Housing, Construction, Planning and Countryside. Responsibility for research undertaken by Radioactive Substances, Waste Management and Contaminated Land has been divided between these Divisions and the Environment Agency since 1 April 1996. The Department also sponsors 35 non—Departmental public bodies. Three of these fund substantial research programmes in support of their statutory duties. DOE has now taken over responsibility for the Health and Safety Commission and Executive which also sponsors considerable amounts of research. 3. Planned expenditure in 1996/97 is detailed in Table 1. This excludes funds allocated for research by bodies receiving grants—in—aid from the Department. But it includes the research elements of the DOE share of the DTI/DOE Environmental Technology Best Practice Programme and of the Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme. 4. The Department's sole research establishment - the Building Research Establishment (BRE) — is currently an executive agency, and research placed with BRE is market tested where appropriate. DOE's expenditure can therefore be treated formally as "extra-mural", let by competitive tendering wherever possible. This applies not only to R&D but also to long term monitoring and surveillance which are identified separately in each research programme. 5. It is DOE policy to set out for the Research Councils, a statement of the Department's forward programme such that opportunities for complementary Science Base activity and for bids from Research Council laboratories to carry out research for DOE, can be readily identified. Assessments of likely income from commissioned research to each sector can then be made by the Research Councils. This applies also to other bodies such as universities and private and agency laboratories (eg. the Soil Survey and Land Research Centre, Water Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority Technology, including the National Environmental Technology Centre). 1 6. The following sections describe the DOE research market by Divisional programmes, including work funded on a GB or UK basis in consultation with Territorial Departments and their agencies. Key goals are also identified. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 7. The challenge for Global Atmosphere policy (£13.8m ) is to develop responses to stratospheric ozone depletion and man-made climate change through appropriate international fora. The Hadley Centre provides a major focus for climate change research which is aimed at defining the long-term environmental objective. This will underpin negotiations under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and will also be reflected in the 1999 Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Provision of estimates of the risk posed by ozone depletion over the next ten years is a key task in the context of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. 8. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: — to provide effective technical input on response strategies inventories and underpinning science for the UK's negotiating position on the development of a protocol under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. — strengthen the international dimension of the climate prediction programme, — develop a coordinated approach to the assessment of climate change impacts in the UK; — assess the risk of increased UVB radiation due to ozone depletion over the next 10 years. 9. The major challenge for Air Quality (£10.1m) is to develop policies to minimize the risks to health and the environment from exposure to air pollutants, particularly in urban areas. Much of the work takes place in the international arena. The challenge for research is to quantify these risks, to determine the contributions of sources and to develop cost-effective air quality management strategies for inclusion in the national air quality standards. 10. In the international context, within the EU and UNECE, the research programme informs the development of policies to manage transboundary pollutants such as ozone, those leading to acidification and eutrophication, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. 11. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: — the formulation and periodic revision of a strategy for air quality management, including the formulation of standards and targets and timescales for their achievement; - the establishment of the system for reviews and assessments of local air quality in the UK, as required by the Environment Act 1995; — support for policy discussions on air quality limit values, guide values and monitoring in EC Daughter Directives, under the EC Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management Directive; — support for the formulation of cost effective strategies for ozone, acidification and eutrophication, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals within the EU and UNECE. 12. The strategy for research on Noise (£0.6m) aims to provide the understanding of noise problems necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the Department's policy of seeking to minimise the impact of environmental noise on people. As part of this strategy the programme will investigate the occurrence and effects of neighbourhood and other noise and the health risks of exposure to noise. 13. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: — to monitor trends in environmental noise — to develop better measurement techniques of environmental noise — to improve understanding of the health and economic impact of exposure to environmental noise — to develop techniques to control the impact of noise 14. The Chemicals and Biotechnology (£3.6m) research programme will continue to support the Department's policy of ensuring that UK legislation and international agreements protect human health and the environment from the telease of harmful products. A key element is the evaluation of the links between human health and environmental exposure to hazardous substances including research on indoor air quality. 15. Research on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) provides the scientific basis to underpin the risk assessment of the release of GMOs to the environment required by statutory control. The results of a recent review of GMO research will be used in the formulation of future programmes. 16. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: — to ensure effective operation of the New Chemicals Notification Scheme and improving knowledge of the environmental effects of chemicals as part of OECD and EC initiatives; - to ensure that environmental damage caused by pesticides (including antifoulants) is limited and promoting the use of integrated crop management as an element of pesticide minimisation policy; — to assess the environmental consequences of major chemical accidents; — examining possible relationships between human health and environmental contamination; — to assess the significance of human exposure to toxic substances (including lead, cadmium, asbestos, man made mineral fibre, indoor air pollutants) and to ensure that such exposure is minimised; — to provide the scientific knowledge required to design proper controls on the release of genetically modified organisms. 17. The main policy challenge for Radioactive Substances (£0.8m) is to develop a national high level waste and spent fuel disposal research strategy as committed to in ‘Review of Radioactive Waste Management Policy. Final Conclusions' (Cm 2919). This will be done through studies in conjunction with industry and regulators. 18. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: - to complete research and monitoring requirements identified by the radioactive Waste Management Policy Review; — to update the UK national radioactive waste inventory and related waste models; — to review the coverage and consistency of radiological standards and identify possibilities for improvement; — tocomplete the review of current monitoring activities and, where appropriate arrange transfer to the new Environment Agency. 19. The Department recently published a strategy for sustainable Waste Management in England and Wales over the next ten years. The aim is to ensure that the principle of best practical environmental option (BPEO) is used to manage wastes and also that the pollution potential of such wastes is dissipated within a generation. The bulk of the waste management and contaminated land programmes transferred to the Environment Agency in 1996. DOE research (£1.2m) will inform specific policy initiatives and 4 guidance to be provided in support of the strategy. 20. The main research goals will be to develop life-cycle analysis techniques in order to assess the BPEO for the management of individual waste streams, improve data on the amount and composition of household, industrial and commercial wastes, demonstrate accelerated stabilisation of landfilled wastes, develop a geographical information system of UK waste management facilities and develop a protocol for measuring methane emissions and recommendations for landfill management practices. 21. The chalienge for Contaminated Land policy is to identify unacceptable risk to health and the environment associated with contaminated land and measures to bring it back into use. This has been emphasised by publication of ‘Framework for Contaminated Land' and section 57 of the Environment Act 1995. Increased interaction is occurring between industry, regulators and researchers in seeking solutions to the problems of contaminated land. 22. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: - effective provision of information on identification of land contamination; — development of assessment procedures, including sampling, analysis and other issues associated with risk assessment, including derivation of guideline values for contaminants in land for protection of human health and the development of methods for risk assessment of ground and surface waters; — evaluation of remedial treatments and engineering solutions and their long-term integrity and cost effectiveness; and — review and development of quality assurance procedures relevant to contaminated land management. 23. The challenge for Water policy continues to be the safe and effective management of water supplies and improvement and protection of the freshwater and marine environments. Research (£3.6m) will be related primarily to support for the development of European and domestic legislation and to meet the assessment and monitoring needs of frameworks of pollution control. The results will be reflected, during the next decade, in the continued guidance on freshwater and drinking water standards, the maintenance of reservoirs and within quality assessments of regions of the North East Atlantic. 24. Programmes likely to require specific development in the future are those to monitor the effects of strategies aiming to meet indicative environmental targets and for broad-based investigation into such issues as the potential of contaminants for endocrinal disruption within freshwater and marine environments. 25. Key goals for 1996/2000 are: rinking Wate uality and Health to support the negotiation of the EC Drinking Water Directive currently under revision and to establish the effect of these proposals on UK Regulations; to continue assessment of production of hazardous compounds during disinfection processes; to continue studies of effects of materials in contact with water; to extend the study of protozoal and microbial contamination of sources and supplies and to develop tests of the effectiveness of treatment processes. wa udge Utilisation and osa to continue development of safe control limits for heavy metals to protect soil fertility, crops and grazing livestock where sludge is used in agriculture; to determine priority organic pollutants in sewage sludge and their source and fate during sewage transport and treatment. wat d Marine Wat ualit to continue to work on the effects of trace organics on the aquatic environment; to continue studies on the effects of contaminants on river water quality; to assess the biological effects of contaminants on estuarine and marine organisms; to develop environmental standards and ecotoxicological impact assessments for priority substances under EC/UK legislation; to continue work on the health effects of sea bathing. ese afet to prepare structural safety guidance; to provide reservoir flood guidance; to make available advice on embankment dam safety.