1 Hf POUSH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE AND HISTORY STUDIES IN HONOR OF EDWARD ROSEN f WROCLAW • WARSZAWA • KKAKOW . GDANSK * OSSOLINEUM THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PRESS 1978 O EDITORIAL COMMITTEE MARIAN BISK UP, JERZY BUKOWSKI, PAWEL CZARTORYSKI (editor in-chicf), JERZY DORRZYCKI, KAROL G6RSKI, BOGUSLAW LESNODORSKI, BOGDAN SUCHODOLSKI EDITORS OF 1HB VOLUME: ERNA HILFSTEIN, PAWEt CZARTORYSKI, FRANK D. GRANDE EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS: ANNA StOMCZYNSKA, IRVING KELTER CONSULTANT: GEORGE SCHWAB Ofclufkc 1 ohwtdutfl proJitMin)> ANNA SZCZURKIEWICZ-MUSZALSKA (*) Copyright by Zakktd Nitrodowy im, OwoHAskSch — Wjxlawnlctwo, Wroclaw 1978 ZnkUd Narod^w; two. Wroclaw 197BL NuUwl: 640 egz. OUKtoii- ftrfc. 45.70, art;, drok. J4.73-H wtt„ uiu A! 4?. Papkr tlrnfc. MU. k!. Ill, SO X. 70x!00. Oddaaodo jkUdxnii 39 1 1977- Podplsana da drufcu 28 IX 1978- Druk ukrotaono w piitteierniku 1978- WrtreUw*lca Dfsittrnia Nmilcow* Zam. 1085,77. Cen* zl 210.- Photograph by Murk Kolasky FOREWORD Some years ago a group of scholars in various countries who were familiar with the researches of Professor Edward Rosen decided to collect a number of essays for his seventieth birthday in 1976. When this project emerged from the planning stage, the Board of Editors of Studio Copermcana offered to publish it in that series. The present Volume XVI of Studia Copermcana is the result of this international cooperation. It contains contributions by eminent authorities on the history of science who reside on both sides of the Atlantic. Many of the papers are concerned with Copernicus and the history of astronomy, others deal with related topics, while the first section contains a bibliography of Rosen s writings. These have advanced the history of science in general, and Copernican studies in particular. I am confident that / express the feelings of the contributors and of the editors of this volume when I wish Professor Edward Rosen many more years of rewarding labor in that fascinating vineyard which is the history of science. Pawel Czartoryski CONTENTS Foreword by Pawd C zartoryski....................... . . » .......................................... . . 5 Bibliography of Edward Rosea .................................................. . » * ..................... 9 I. The Roots of Philosophy sad Science Paul Oskar Kristcller (Columbia University). The First Printed Edition of Plato's Works and the Date of its Publication (1484) , . . ............................................................... 25 Marshall Clagctt (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), Francesco Maurolico’s Use of Medieval Archimedean Texts: The Be sphaera et cytindro...................................... 37 Charles B. Schmitt (The Warburg Institute, University of London), Filippo Fantoni, Galileo Galilei’s Predecessor as Mathematics Lccturer at P is a ............................................. S3 Vasco Ronchi (Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi, Florence), Two Thousand Years of the Strugglo between Reason and the Senses......................................................................... 63 Nicholas Pastore (Queens College, City University of New York), “In His Eye, or rather In His Mind” ....................................................................................................................... 83 Ernest Nagel (Columbia University), The Supremacy of Method . . . . . . . . . . * 99 1L Astronomy A. 1* Sabra (Harvard University), An Eleventh-Century Refutation of Ptolemy's Planetary Theory ..............................................................................................................................117 Pearl Ki bre (City University of New York), “Astronomia” or “Astrologia” Ypocratis . . . 133 Olaf Pedersen (University of Aarhus), The Decline and Fall of the Theorica Planctarum. An Essay in Renaissance Astronomy...............................................................................157 Henry R- Hut ten bach (The City College of New York), Muscovy's Calendar Controversy of 1491-1492 ................................................................................................................... 187 John D. North (Oxford University), Nicolaus Kratzer — the King's Astronomer . . . » 205 Curtis Wilson (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD.), Horroks, Harmonics and the Exacti­ tude of Kepler's Third L a w ..........................................................................................235 A. Rupert Hall (Imperial College, London), Horology and Criticism: Robert Hooke . . . 261 John W. Shirley (University of Delaware), Thomas Harriot's Lunar Observations . . . 283 Robert Palter (University of Texas at Austin), Correcting Dreyer; or How not to Write the History of Astronomy.................. 309 Ren£ Taton (£coleen Sciences Sociates des Hautes Etudes, Paris), Inventaire des publications et des manuscrits de Nicolas-Louis LacaiUe (1713—1762) . . * .................................. 317 III. Copernicus Richard Lemay (City University of New York), The Late Medieval Astrological School at Cracow and the Copemican System ................................................................... . 337 Pawe) Czartoryski (Polska Akadcmia Nauk, Warszawa), The Library of Copernicus . . . 355 Karol G6rski (University of Toruti), Copernicus and C ayado.........................................397 & Contents Owen Gingerich {Smithsonian Aatrophysteal Observatory and Harvard College Obser­ vatory). Early Copcmican Epbcmcridts ......................................................................403 I, Bamard Cohen (Harvard University), Perfect Numbers in the Copervwcan System: Rhe­ ticus and Huygens....................................................419 Karl Heinz Burmeistcr (Bregenz, Austria), Der Kartograph Heinrich Zell (ISIS—1564) 427 Martha List (Kcplcr-Komniision der Bayer. Akademie der Wu&enschafteo, Muncbcn), Marginalico zunt Handcxcmplai Keplers von Copernicus: “Dc rcvolutionibus orbium coe- lestkuxT* (Nflroberg, 1543)........................................................... . . ..........................443 Eugeniusz Rybka (Jagjeikmiac University, Krak6w), Coperntcan Ideas in Kepler’s **Epi* tome Asfcronomiac Copernkanae” . . . . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . 461 Hans Blumenberg (Wcstfalische Wilbelms-UmvenitAt, MOnster), Versuch zu einer imma- nenteo Gcschichte der coper rucaulschcn The o ne . . .............................................. . 473> IV, Science and Society Robert P. Multhauf (Smithsonian Institution), Copernicus and Bacon as Renovators of Science .................. ................................................................................ 489 Theodore M. Brown (University of Rochester), Hie Rise of Bacoaianism in Seventeenth Century England: A Perspective on Science and Society during the Scientific Revolu­ tion . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................... 501 Volker Bialas (Bayedsche Akademie der Wisscnschaftcn, Mtinchea), Naturfonscher u*td die Idee des Friedens im 17 Jahrhundert ..........................................................................52J Edythe Lutzker (Feliow, Royal Society of Medicine, USA). From Malkowal to Calcutta. An Historical Appreciation of HaffkLne’s Victorious Struggle . . . . ...................543 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EDWARD ROSEN I. Books 1939 1. Three Coperntcan Treatises. New York: Columbia University Press. a. 2nd enlarged ed. New York; Dover; London; Constable, 1959. New material: annotated' Copemicuj bibliography 1939—1958, pp. 199—269. b. 3rd enlarged ed. New York; Octagon, 1971. New material; biography of Copernicus. pp. 313—408; select annotated Copernicus bibliography J959—1970, pp. 270—312, Cf. no. 43. c. “Letter against Werner” reprinted in R.J. Clements and L. Levant eds., Renaissance Letters. New York; New York University Press, 1976* pp. 344—151. 1947 2. The Naming of the Telescope. New York: Abelard-Schuman. 1957 3. Ronchi, Vasco, Optics, The Science of Vision. Trans, from Italian by E- Rosen, New York: New York University Press. 1965 4. Kepler's Conversation with Galileo's Sidereal Messenger, New York; Johnson Reprint Corp. 1967 5. Kepler’s Sotnnium. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, Awarded the Pfizer Medal by the History of Science Society. a, Appendix I: “Kepler’s Concept of Gravity”* reprinted in J.B. Marion, ed., A Universe of Physics. New York: Wiley, 1970, pp. 22—24. Cf. no. 75. b. "The Dream”, reprinted in James Gunn, The Road to Science Fiction. New York: New American Library, 1977* pp. 86—102. 1972 6. Nicholas Copernicus, Complete Works, Vol. I. Cracow, Warsaw: Polish Scien­ tific Publishers; London: Macmillan. 10 1975 7. Introductions a Vastronomie de Copernic, Paris: Blanchard, Co-author with Henri Hugonnard-Roche and Jean-Pierre Verdet. 1978 7a. Nicholas Copernicus, Complete Works, Vol. II. Cracow, Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers; London: Macmillan; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Copernicus’ Revolutions translated from Latin by E. Rosen, with a commen­ tary. II. Articles 1938 8. “The Commentariolus of Copernicus”, Osiris, III, 123—141. 1940 9. “The Copemican Theory”, Sky, IV, no. 11, 6—19. 10. “The Ramus-Rheticus Correspondence”, Journal of the History of Ideas, I, 363-368. Reprinted in Roots of Scientific Thought» P. Wiener and A. Noland eds. New Yoric: Basic Books, 1957, pp. 287-292. Cf. no. 36. 1943 11. “The Authentic Title of Copernicus’ Major Work”, Journal of the History of Ideas, IV, 457—474. 12. “Copernicus and the Discovery of America”, Hispanic American Historical Review» XXHI, 367—371. 13. “Nicholas Copernicus, the Man and His Work”, Sky and Telescope, II, no. 7, 3—5. 1945 14. “Nicholas Copernicus, the Founder of Modern Astronomy”, Nicholas Copernicus: A Tribute of Nations. Ed. S. P. Mizwa. New York: The Kosciuszko Foundation, pp. 29—35. 1946 15. “A Full Universe”, Scientific Monthly, LXUI, 213-217. 16. “Kepler’s Defense of Tycho against Ursus”, Popular Astronomy, L1V, 405-412. 1949 17. ‘The Correspondence between Justus Lipsius and Thomas Seget”, Latomus, VIII, 63-67. ■ 11 18. “The Source of an Error in Rousseau’s Dictiormaire de musique", Modern Language Quarterly, X, 141—144. 19. “Thomas Seget of Seton”, Scottish Historical Review, XXVLLI, 91—95 1950 20. "David Chalmer of Fintray”, Notes and Queries, CXCV, 248—249. 21. “The Title of Galileo’s Sidereus nuncios'** XLI, 287—289. 1951 22. “The Authenticity of Galileo's Letter to Landucci”, Modern Language Quarterly, XII, 473-486. 23. “Galileo and the Telescope”, Scientific Monthly, LXXII, 180-182. 24. “The True Name of Erycius Puteanus”, Miscellanea Galbiatit II, 385—397 (Footes Ambrosiani, XXVI). 1951-1952 25. “When did Galileo Make His First Telescope?” Centaurus, II, 44-51. 1952 26. “Galileo on the Distance from the Earth to the Moon”, Isis, XLIII, 344—'348. 1953 27. “Carlo Dati on the Invention of Eyeglasses”* Isis, XLIV, 4—10. a. Reprinted in Bulletin of the Optometrical Society of the City of New York (Sept., Oct, Nov., 1953), pp. 10—11. b. Reprinted also in Otto Mayr, ed., Philosophers and Machines. New York: Science His­ tory Publications, 1976, pp. 82—88. 28. "A Friend of John Milton: Valerio Chimentelli and His Copy of Viviani’s De maximis et minimis”, Bulletin of the New York Public Library. LVII, 159—174. Distributed as a separate publication in the same year. 1954 29. “Did Galileo Claim He Invented the Telescope?” Proceedings of the Ameri­ can Philosophical Society, XCVUI, 304—312. 30. “Did Roger Bacon Invent Eyeglasses?” Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, VII, 3—15. 31. “Mocenigo, Not Marcello in Galileo’s Sidereus nuncius”t La Bibliofilia, LVI, 225-226. 1956 32. “The Date of Maurolico’s Death”, Scripta Mathematica, XXII, 285—286. 12 33. “The Invention of Eyeglasses”, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, XI, 13—46* 183—218, 34. "Macaulay on Flogging vs. Refutation?” Notes and Queries, CCI, 315. 35. “Maurolico Was an Abbot"* Archives Internationales d* Histoire des Sciences, IX, 349-350. 1957 36. "The Ramus-Rheticus Correspondence**, Roots of Scientific Thought, P* Wiener and A. Noland eds. New York: Basic Books, 287—292, Reprinted from the Journal of the History of Ideas, I (1940), 363 — 368. Cf. no. 10. Translated into Italian, Le radici del pensitro xtentifico, Milan, 1971, Feltrindii, pp. 296— 302. 37* “De Morgan’s Incorrect Description of Maurolico’s Books”, Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, LI, 111 — 118. 38. “M&urolico's Attitude toward Copernicus”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Cl, 177—194. 39. “The Titie of Maurolico’s Photismi”, American Journal of Physics, XXV, 226-228. 40. "Was Maurolico’s Essay on the Nova of 1572 Printed?** Isis, XLVI1I, 171-175. 1958 41. "Galileo’s Misstatements about Copernicus”, Isis, XLIX, 319—330. Reprinted in MIT Publications in the Humanities. No. 32. 42. Ronchi, Vasco, “Twenty Embarrassing Questions”, Atti della Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, XIII, 173—190, Trans* by E. Rosen. 1959 43. „Czy Leowitz by! przeciwnikiem Kopemtka?” Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, IV, 15—18. Tram, into Polish by A. Birkenmajer. English text in the 3rd ed. of the Three Copernkart Treatises (1971), pp. 301—302, Cf. no. lb. 44. “The Editions of Maurolico’s Mathematical Works”, Scripta Mathematical XXIV, 59-76. 45. “Copernicus Was Not a Priest”, Actes du IX* Congris International d*Histoire des Sciences. Barcelona and Madrid, pp. 579— 581. 1960 46. “Copernicus Was Not a Priest”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CIV, 635-661. 47. “Calvin’s Attitude toward Copernicus*’, Journal of the History of Ideas, XXI, 431-441. t