Algorithms for Construction of Reality in Physics Volume 2 Schrödinger’s Cat Smile Authored by Sergey P. Suprun Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Anatoly P. Suprun Psychology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia & Victor F. Petrenko Psychology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (cid:36)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:75)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:86) Volume # (cid:21) (cid:54)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:124)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:182)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72) Authors: Sergey Suprun, Anatoly Suprun & Victor Petrenko ISSN (Online): 2212-8514 ISSN (Print): 2589-3572 ISBN (Online): 978-981-5049-66-4 ISBN (Print): 978-981-5049-67-1 ISBN (Paperback): 978-981-5049-68-8 ©2022, Bentham Books imprint. Published by Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd. Singapore. All Rights Reserved. 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Ltd. 80 Robinson Road #02-00 Singapore 068898 Singapore Email: [email protected] BSP-EB-PRO-9789815049664-TP-196-TC-08-PD-20221007 CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 ........................................................................................................................................ i FOREWORD 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ii PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ iii CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ iv CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 THE QUANTUM WORLD AND THE PROBLEMS IN OBJECT-BASED INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 On Space ................................................................................................................................. 2 On Time .................................................................................................................................. 7 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 15 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN ............................................... 18 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 18 Unit for Control of Tonus and Waking ................................................................................... 19 Unit for Acquisition, Processing, and Storage of Information ............................................... 21 Unit for Programming, Regulation, and Verification of Mental Activity .............................. 25 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 35 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER 3 THE PRINCIPLES OF SEMANTIC MODELING ................................................... 39 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 39 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 49 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 4 AN OBJECT-BASED MODEL IN PHYSICS ............................................................ 54 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 54 Construction of an Object-Based Space ................................................................................. 55 The Difference of “Time” in Classical and Quantum Physics ............................................... 68 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 73 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 74 CHAPTER 5 DELAYED-CHOICE QUANTUM ERASER IN A SPACE-TIME DESCRIPTION 76 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 76 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 90 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 91 CHAPTER 6 COUPLING OF THE MODELS OF QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL REALITIES 94 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 94 Brief Information for Reference ............................................................................................. 101 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 108 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 108 CHAPTER 7 PURPOSEFUL SYSTEMS, EVOLUTION, AND SUBJECT-BASED ASPECT OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE .............................................................................................................................. 109 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 109 Advent and Development of Systems Science ....................................................................... 110 Principles for Construction of Motivational Spaces ............................................................... 134 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 138 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 138 CHAPTER 8 CONSCIOUSNESS AND REALITY IN THE ORIENTAL TRADITION .............. 143 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 143 Buddhist Interpretation of the Relationship Between Microcosm and Macrocosm .............. 145 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 170 NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. 171 AFTERWORD ......................................................................................................................................... 173 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 179 SUBJECT INDEX .................................................................................................................................... (cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:25) i FOREWORD 1 Currently, not only psychologists and philosophers are interested in the problem of consciousness, but also physicists, who conducted a number of experiments in the field of quantum physics (teleportation of quantum states, “erasing” of the past in the experiments with quantum eraser, and others) that have revealed a strange dependence of physical reality on the presence of an observer in it. Moreover, several attempts have been made to create the quantum theory that includes the observer’s consciousness since this is the key factor in the mysterious phenomenon of wave function collapse, which according to Niels Bohr gave rise to “external reality”. The work on quantum computers revived the interest in old unsolved problems in physics as well as debates of both physicists and philosophers. Among the difficulties associated with the discussion of this interdisciplinary problem is the difference between the paradigms for considering physical and psychological realities. This book, written by a physicist and psychologists, attempts to resolve the problem of agreeing on these paradigms using a systems approach. Two types of reality representations are analyzed, namely, in terms of the classical object-based spacetime model in the system of consciousness and a spectral model in Hilbert’s space, characteristic of quantum mechanics, in the system of the unconscious. It is demonstrated that the psychosemantic approach makes it possible to derive relativistic laws of energy and momentum conservation in a semantic form beyond the physical paradigm and to expand the concept of the classical observer’s reference frame to the system of observation that includes individual characteristics of the subject’s “perception channel”, which makes it possible to leave the boundaries of spacetime representation for the quantum region (beyond the boundaries of consciousness). The authors discuss the possibility to construct both quantum and psychological theories of the unconscious in a new paradigm. It is important to note that the first attempt to use this approach dates back to Carl Jung, a known psychologist, and Wolfgang Pauli, a physicist, and a Nobel Prize winner. The book is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in the modern problems in physics and psychology as well as the students and postgraduates who specialized in these areas. Dmitry Ushakov Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ii FOREWORD (cid:21) Rapid development of technologies over the last century has completely changed the face of our civilization. Just recently, it was most difficult to imagine the experiments in quantum physics, such as the teleportation of quantum states even with a velocity exceeding the speed of light or “erasing” of the past in the experiments with a quantum eraser. Here, it is high time to recall Niels Bohr and his statement that “Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it.” The impression emerges that our concepts of reality and the very reality are separated by an abyss and this abyss widens with the advance in science. Truly crazy theories, unverifiable in experiments, appear in physics; perhaps, Bohr was right to say that “Your theory is crazy, but it’s not crazy enough to be true.” Most likely, a fundamentally different approach is necessary to finally gain an understanding of physics. It is appropriate to ask the question how our concepts of reality are actually formed if they are so far from the reality itself? This monograph, prepared in collaboration with a physicist and psychologist, attempts to answer this question. Unlike other studies, the focus here is not on the criticism of the existing situation with the interpretation of the experiments in quantum physics but rather on the search for a way out. Using the methods of psychosemantics, the worldview of an individual is successively analyzed, which suggests an unexpected conclusion that man actually exists in the model of reality that is constructed by his unconscious. This model is object-based in its content and the objects are arranged in spacetime, emerging to be mental constructs, as was noted by Henri Poincare. An object-based space of qualities is constructed and used to deduce the laws of conservation of energy and momentum in a relativistic form even without the use of the hypothesis of the existence of physical spacetime. Certainly, several assertions of the authors are rather bold, first and foremost, because it is yet unclear which of our long-held beliefs we are ready to abandon in order to accept reality. However, this attempt has the right to exist even by the mere fact that we have currently no other solutions. Presumably, only doubting common sense will allow us to find the truth. This book is recommended to a wide range of experts, students, and postgraduates in both natural and social sciences and to all who are interested in the current problems in science. Igor Neizvestnyi Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia iii PREFACE The second volume of the series of monographs titled Algorithms for Construction of Reality in Physics continues the successive analysis of the form and content of the worldview perceived by humans. The fact that we are “submerged” in the model of reality that is constructed by our unconscious, that is, is not controlled by consciousness, is substantiated. As early as 100 years ago, Henri Poincare paid attention to how and why, for example, the perception of space could emerge although, at that time, this was a flash of a genius unsupported by any psychophysiological research data. Strange as it may seem, the problem of reality has become extremely relevant with the development of quantum physics. The experiments in this scientific area have illustratively demonstrated that our naïve notions about the objects residing in spacetime fail to fit the reality. Quantum teleportation, i.e., the transfer of quantum state at any velocity including that faster than the speed of light, demonstrates the absence of locality (or separability), which means that the integrity of reality has no spatial limits. The experiments with delayed selection of a “quantum eraser” type make it possible to change “the past”, suggesting the absence of any time constraints. Thus, the “instrumentality” of their studies (the answer is numeric) brought physicists at the cutting edge of the research into reality rather than its model, suggested to us by our unconscious. In the case when it is difficult to separate reality and its model, it is reasonable to study the mechanisms of how the model was constructed. A psychosemantic approach makes it possible to analyze the specific features of such construct and to infer what in it is God-given and what is evil. From this standpoint, it is of interest to consider an object-based space with qualities as unit vectors. This helps to answer the question of what are the principles of conservation of, for example, energy and momentum. We regard these principles as the laws of Nature rather that the rules according to which the model reality functions and the main requirements of which are logic and preservation of the content. As it happens, these “laws of Nature” in terms of relativity are deducible even without the hypothesis of spacetime existence. In the context of this approach, it is reasonable to take a fresh look at the problems in quantum physics. With this in mind, it becomes clear that the attitudes of an object-based model of reality in our consciousness are the particular factor that prevents us from an open- minded consideration of the experimental results in this area of knowledge. We “see” objects residing in spacetime where they do not exist and have never existed. It is believed a priori that the so-called entangled pair is a pair of objects; however, in this case, they must “behave” as objects, have the properties of objects, and evolve in a spacetime frame. However, experiments illustratively demonstrate that this is not the case. Perhaps, they are not objects? In this sense, it is also interesting to consider some particular problems associated with our consciousness that are suspiciously analogous to certain phenomena in physics. Here, we do not make any far-reaching conclusions; our goal was to merely attract attention to these analogies. The parallels between the oriental philosophy of Buddhism and modern scientific concepts have long been discussed in the relevant literature and this is not at all accidental. The western methodology has successively implemented mainly object-based decomposition of the world (completely free from the subject, the “apex of creation”) and is continuing to develop it even in the systemic paradigm of quantum physics, thereby giving birth to the “centaurs”, such as wave mechanics. The oriental scholastics from the very beginning developed a holistic, systems-based view on reality with the man as its inherent subsystem. Since all evolving subsystems are open and, correspondingly, linked to the system of individual consciousness, this made it possible to embrace other types of “consciousnesses”