SARRACENIAPURPUREA(SARRACENIACEAE) INLOUISIANA Michael H.MacRobertsand BarbaraR.MacRoberts BogResearch,740Columbia Shreveport,Louisiana71104,U.S.A. and Herbarium,MuseumofLifeSciences LouisianaStateUniversityinShreveport,Shreveport,LA71115,U.S.A. SarraceniapurpureaL.wasoncethoughttoextendfromBritishColumbiaalong theCanadian-UnitedStatesbordertotheAtlanticcoast,downthecoasttoGeor- giaandFlorida,andwestalongtheGulfCoastalPlaintoLouisiana.However, Naczietal.(1999)haverecentlyseparatedtheGulfCoastalPlainpopulationas adistinctspecies,5.roseaNaczi,F.W.Case&R.B.Case,whichdoesnotreach LouisianabutoccursinsouthwestGeorgia,northFlorida,southAlabama,and southeastMississippi.However,twospecimens—onecollectedin1842byWill- iamMarburyCarpenter(s.n.U.S.)andtheothercollectedin1870byAmencus Featherman(s.n.LSU)—bothofwhichhavebeenidentifiedasS.purpureaby Naczietal.(1999)andbothreportedfromsoutheastLouisianawestoftherange ofS.rosea,areanomalous;theyleapfrogS.roseaandaredisjunctfromthenear- estS.purpureapopulationineasternGeorgia(seeMacRobertsandMacRoberts [1988]foradetailedreviewof5.purpureainLouisiana).Naczietal.(1999)sug- gestpossiblelabelingerrortoaccountfortheseanomalousspecimens. ThelabeloftheFeathermanSarraceniapurpureaspecimen,alongwith otherFeathermancollectionsfromthesamelocality,isshowninFigure1. MacRobertsandMacRoberts(1988)origmallyinterpretedthescriptjustbelow "Covington"ontheSarraceniaspecimentoread"AF,"thecollector'sinitials. Naczietal.(1999:1200)questionthisinterpretation:"Thescriptleavesdetermi- nationofthefinalpairoflettersequivocal.Insteadof...Covington/AF.[Americus Featherman!...thelabelmayactuallyread'...Covington/AL.[Covington,Ala- bama]."'Accordingtothisassessment,thespecimenisfromCovingtonCo.,Ala- bama,notCovington,St.TammanyParish,Louisiana.Onreexamination,this interpretationfailsfortworeasons.First,thescriptfollowing"Covington"is neither"AF"nor"AL,"but"StT"OftheFeathermanspecimenswith"Coving- ton"onthelabel,someread"Covington"only,butothershavesomethingwrit- tenbelow"Covington."We(andDianeFerguson,pers.comm.)examinedthese andfoundthatwhatwaswrittenwaseither"StTam."or"StT",abbreviations for"St.Tammany."Second,corroborativeevidencethatthisspecimencomes fromLouisianaistobefoundinFeatherman's(1871)publisheddescriptionof SIDA21(2):1149-n52.2004 1150 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2) (J/f»//^a>/^'' U-diJiaJ//'/n./^ .^,^/__,^v>.^//^ fjf////^^''^ 7 / "^acliac'fc-i/ // ,yr/(//r/r(//r r^o?/rJ^///; |jV- Fig.1.LabelinformationforSarraceniapurpureaandtwootiierFeathermanspecimensfromCovington,St.Tammany Parisli,Louisiana. MACROBERTSANDMACROBERTS.SARRACENIAPURPUREAINLOUISIANA 11S1 itsprovenance.In1869theLouisianaStateLegislaturepassedAct.No.72in whichprofessorsoftheLouisianaStateSeminaryofLearningandtheMilitary College(laterLouisianaStateUniversity)weretospendfourmonthseachyear insurveyworkintheirrespectivefields.AmericusFeathermantraveledexten- sivelythroughoutLouisianaandproducedthreereportsonthebotany(Brown 1944).Inhis(Featherman1871:78)listofspeciescollectedduringhisbotanical surveyofsouthernandcentralLouisianain1870,Feathermangivesthefollow- ingentry:'"SarraceniarubraWalt,[thisiswhatFeathermancalledthespecies] RedFlowered,Trumpet-Leaf,Covington,St.Tammany,"which,exceptforthe abbreviationofSt.Tammany,isexactlywhatiswrittenonthespecimenlabel. ReadingFeatherman's(1870,1871,1872)accountsofhisextensivebotanical surveysofLouisianaleavesnodoubtofhiscompetenceasacarefulbotanist andresearcher (seebriefaccountof hisLouisianabotanicalcareerin MacRoberts[1984]andofhisLouisianabotanicalpublicationsinEwan[1967]). TheprovenanceoftheCarpenterspecimenislesscertain.Theoriginalla- belreads'^Sarraceniapurpurea,wetpinewoods,St.Helen,La."Thiswasanno- tatedbyCharlesMohrwhopurchasedCarpenter'scollectionsomeyearsafter hisdeath:''SarraceniapurpureaL.,StFlelenaParish,Carpenter1842."Because in1842St.HelenaParishencompassednotonlythepresentparishbutalsothe northwesternquarterofTangipahoaParish,itisimpossibletoknowfromwhich present-dayparishthespecimenmayhavecome.Carpenterwasaprominent Louisianabotanistduringthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturywhocollabo- ratedwiththeleadingbotanistsandnaturalistsofhistime,includingCharles LyellandJohnJamesAudubon(Cocks1914).HecollaboratedwithJ.L.Riddell andJosiahHaleonaworkentitled"PlantsofLouisiana,"which,unfortunately, wasneverpublishedandisnowlost.However,J.L.Riddellin1852publishedan abridgedversion"CatalogusFloraeLudovicianae,"andinhisintroductoryre- marks,Riddellwrites:"Thefollowingsystematiclist,embodyingtheresultsof agreatmanyyearsofobservation,byDrJosiahHale,bythelateProfessorW.M. Carpenter,andbytheauthor,hasbeenabridgedfromamanuscriptwork,con- tributedbytheauthor,in1851,totheSmithsonianInstitution.TheMS.work alludedtoisentitled,TlantsofLouisiana.'Itcomprisesthetechnicalandthe vulgarnamesofthefloweringandfilicoidspeciesofplants,wellascertainedas growingwithinthelimitsoftheStateofLouisiana,[nearlyallofwhicharerep- resentedbyspecimensintheauthor'sherbarium],—withspeciallocalities,times offlowering,andfulldescriptionsofthenewspecies."Unfortunately,thismanu- scriptnolongerexistsandwearesimplyleftwiththebarelist,whichcontains about1800taxaandwhichremainedthemostextensivecompilationforLoui- sianauntil1982(MacRoberts1984).AsMacRoberts(1984:13)says:"anexami- nationofRiddell'slistleavesonewithafeelingofconfidenceinhisreports." Interestingly,S.purpureaisonthelistbut,ofcourse,withoutprovenanceorcol- lectoridentification.ButitseemshkelythatthiswastheCarpenterspecimen. 1152 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2) Whilelabelingerror,asNaczietal.(1999)suggest,isalwayspossible,there isnoevidenceofsuchinthesecases,andthereisstrongcorroborativeevidence thattheFeathermanspecimencamefromLouisiana.AstotheCarpenterspeci- men,thereiscorroborativeevidenceofitsprovenance,notstrongbutsugges- tive.Thus,thereseemsnoreasontoremoveSarraceniapurpureafromtheLoui- sianaflora. ACKNOWLEDGMFNTS DianeFerguson,CollectionsManager,LSUHerbariumwasinstrumentalinin- terpretingtheFeathermanlabelsandinprovidingscannedcopiesforouruse. AmandaCrnkovicaidedwiththefigure.Twoanonymousreviewersprovided usefulcomments. REFERENCES Brown,C.A,1944.HistoricalcommentaryonthedistributionofvegetationinLouisiana andsomerecentobservations.Proc.LouisianaAcad.Sci,8:35-47. Cocks,R.S.1914.WilliamM.Carpenter,apioneerscientistofLouisiana.TulaneGraduates Mag.3:122-127. EwAN,J.1967.BibliographyofthebotanyofLouisiana.SouthW.LouisianaJ.7:1-83. Featherman,A,1870.ReportonthebotanyofLouisiana.In:Annualreportoftheboardof supervisorsoftheLouisianaStateSeminaryofLearningandMilitaryAcademyforthe yearendingDecember31,1869tothegovernor.NewOrleans.Pp.111-122. Feaeherman,a.1871.ReportonthebotanicalsurveyofsouthernandcentralLouisiana madeduringtheyear1870.In:AnnualreportoftheboardofsupervisorsoftheLoui- sianaStateUniversity.TheRepublicanPress,NewOrleans.Pp.1-131. Featherman,A.1872.Thirdannualreportofbotanicalsurveyofsouthwestandnorthwest Louisianamadeduringtheyear1871.InAnnualreportofProfD.FBoyd,superinten- dent,LouisianaStateUniversity,fortheyear1871,tothegovernorofthestateofLoui- siana.Pp.101-161. MacRoberis,D.T1984.ThevascularplantsofLouisiana,Anannotatedchecklistandbibli- ographyofthevascularplantsreportedtogrowwithoutcultivationinLouisiana.Bull. Mus.LifeSci,6:1-165. MacRoberes,M.H.andB,R,MacRoberis.1988.AnoteonSarraceniapurpureaL,inLouisiana. Phytologia65:191-194. Naczi,R.F.C,E.M.Soper,RW,Case,andR.B.Case.1999.Sarraceniarosea(Sarraceniaceae),a newspeciesofpitcherplantfromthesoutheasternUnitedStates.Sida18:1183-1206. RiDDELL,J.L.1852.CatalogusfloraeLudovicianae.NewOrleansMed.Surg.J,8:743-763.