Dirk Liepold and Steve Ritter SAP® ERP HCM: Technical Principles and Programming Bonn (cid:2) Boston Contents at a Glance 1 Introduction to SAP ERP HCM .............................................. 25 2 Functional Overview for Developers ...................................... 35 3 Data Structures ....................................................................... 77 4 Reading and Processing HR Data ........................................... 147 5 Custom Enhancements ........................................................... 193 6 Enhancing Applications Using SAP Tools ............................... 221 7 HCM Reporting Tools ............................................................. 279 8 Developing Custom Reports .................................................. 343 9 HR Forms Workplace .............................................................. 417 10 HCM Interface Tools ............................................................... 469 11 HCM Data Conversion ............................................................ 515 12 Authorizations ........................................................................ 559 13 ESS and MSS Applications ..................................................... 605 14 HCM Performance Programming ............................................ 647 15 SuccessFactors Integration ..................................................... 673 A User Exits, BAdIs, and Enhancements .................................... 699 Contents Preface ....................................................................................................... 17 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... 23 1 Introduction to SAP ERP HCM ................................................ 25 1.1 Core Modules ............................................................................. 26 1.1.1 Personnel Administration ............................................... 27 1.1.2 Organizational Management .......................................... 27 1.1.3 Payroll and Benefits Administration ................................ 28 1.1.4 Time Management ......................................................... 29 1.2 Other Modules ........................................................................... 30 1.3 Summary .................................................................................... 32 2 Functional Overview for Developers ........................................ 35 2.1 Personnel Administration ............................................................ 35 2.2 Organizational Management ....................................................... 40 2.2.1 Objects, Infotypes, and Relationships ............................. 41 2.2.2 OM Integration with Other Modules .............................. 43 2.3 Time Management ...................................................................... 44 2.3.1 Time Data Recording and Administration ....................... 44 2.3.2 Cross-Application Time Sheet ......................................... 47 2.3.3 Time Evaluation ............................................................. 49 2.4 Payroll ........................................................................................ 52 2.4.1 Payroll Infotypes ............................................................ 53 2.4.2 Payroll Control Record ................................................... 57 2.4.3 Payroll Calculation ......................................................... 59 2.4.4 Post-Payroll Activities ..................................................... 60 2.5 Talent Management .................................................................... 61 2.5.1 SAP E-Recruiting ............................................................ 62 2.5.2 Talent Management and Talent Development ................ 65 2.5.3 Enterprise Compensation Management .......................... 67 2.5.4 Performance Management ............................................. 70 2.5.5 Enterprise Learning ........................................................ 72 7 Contents 2.6 Self-Service Applications ............................................................. 74 2.7 Summary .................................................................................... 75 3 Data Structures ......................................................................... 77 3.1 Personnel Administration ............................................................ 78 3.1.1 PA Infotypes and Subtypes ............................................. 78 3.1.2 PA Time Constraints ....................................................... 81 3.1.3 PA Infotype Structures ................................................... 82 3.1.4 PA Infotype Screens and User Interface .......................... 88 3.1.5 PA Infotype Module Pool and Dialog Module ................ 92 3.1.6 Decoupled Infotype Framework for PA Infotypes ........... 94 3.2 Organizational Management ....................................................... 100 3.2.1 Objects and Relationships .............................................. 100 3.2.2 OM Infotypes ................................................................. 104 3.2.3 OM Time Constraints ..................................................... 106 3.2.4 OM Infotype Structures .................................................. 106 3.2.5 OM Table Infotypes ...................................................... 111 3.2.6 External Object Types ..................................................... 113 3.2.7 External Infotypes .......................................................... 114 3.2.8 OM Data Model and Infotype Consistency Checking ..... 115 3.2.9 OM Infotype Module Pool and Dialog Module .............. 117 3.2.10 Decoupled Infotype Framework for OM Infotypes .......... 118 3.3 Time Management ...................................................................... 119 3.3.1 Time Management Infotypes .......................................... 120 3.3.2 Time Events .................................................................. 122 3.3.3 Time Evaluation Input ................................................... 123 3.3.4 Time Evaluation Results .................................................. 126 3.3.5 CATS Tables ................................................................... 129 3.4 Payroll ........................................................................................ 135 3.4.1 Payroll Infotypes ............................................................ 135 3.4.2 Payroll Cluster ................................................................ 137 3.4.3 Cluster Directory ............................................................ 137 3.4.4 Payroll Results ................................................................ 138 3.5 Other Tables ............................................................................... 142 3.6 Summary .................................................................................... 144 8 Contents 4 Reading and Processing HR Data ............................................. 147 4.1 Logical Databases ....................................................................... 147 4.1.1 PNP for Personnel Master Data ...................................... 152 4.1.2 PNPCE for Personnel Master Data .................................. 156 4.1.3 PCH for Personnel Planning ........................................... 158 4.2 Access without Logical Databases ............................................... 161 4.2.1 Direct Table Access via SELECT Statement ...................... 161 4.2.2 Macros ........................................................................... 164 4.2.3 Function Modules .......................................................... 173 4.2.4 BAPIs for Infotype Updates ............................................ 183 4.2.5 Reading Cluster Tables ................................................... 184 4.2.6 Features ......................................................................... 186 5 Custom Enhancements ............................................................. 193 5.1 Customer Exits ............................................................................ 194 5.1.1 Implementation ............................................................. 196 5.1.2 Example: Prorating Absence Quota Accrual Based on Custom Proration Factor ........................................... 197 5.2 BAdIs .......................................................................................... 204 5.2.1 Implementation ............................................................. 205 5.2.2 Example: Automatic Approval for CATS_APPR_LITE ....... 209 5.3 Enhancement Points ................................................................... 212 5.3.1 Implementation ............................................................. 213 5.3.2 Example: Default Personnel Area from Infotype 1008 in Infotype 0001 ............................................................ 215 5.4 Modifications ............................................................................. 216 5.4.1 Implementing a Modification ......................................... 216 5.4.2 Example: Infotype 0416 (Quota Compensation Modification) ................................................................. 217 5.5 Summary .................................................................................... 219 6 Enhancing Applications Using SAP Tools ................................. 221 6.1 Personnel Administration ............................................................ 221 6.1.1 PA Infotype Enhancement .............................................. 222 6.1.2 PA Custom Infotypes ...................................................... 233 9 Contents 6.1.3 PA Infotype Processing in the DCIF ................................ 242 6.1.4 Features ......................................................................... 244 6.1.5 Dynamic Actions ............................................................ 245 6.2 Organizational Management ....................................................... 252 6.2.1 OM Infotype Enhancement ............................................ 253 6.2.2 Custom OM Infotypes .................................................... 255 6.2.3 Custom Objects .............................................................. 256 6.2.4 Custom Relationships ..................................................... 256 6.3 Time Management ...................................................................... 257 6.3.1 CATS .............................................................................. 257 6.3.2 Example: Validating CATS Absence/Attendance Entries ............................................................................ 258 6.3.3 Enhancing Time Infotypes .............................................. 261 6.4 Payroll Calculation and Time Evaluation ...................................... 265 6.5 Summary .................................................................................... 277 7 HCM Reporting Tools ............................................................... 279 7.1 Table Utilities ............................................................................. 280 7.1.1 Data Browser ................................................................. 280 7.1.2 General Table Display ..................................................... 284 7.2 InfoSets ...................................................................................... 286 7.2.1 InfoSet Creation ............................................................. 286 7.2.2 InfoSet Assignment to User Groups ................................ 290 7.2.3 InfoSet Additional Fields ................................................ 292 7.2.4 InfoSet Switches ............................................................. 294 7.3 QuickViewer ............................................................................... 297 7.3.1 Query for InfoSet ........................................................... 298 7.3.2 Query for Table Join ....................................................... 301 7.3.3 Export Query to SAP Query ............................................ 302 7.4 InfoSet Query ............................................................................. 303 7.4.1 Create InfoSet Query ...................................................... 304 7.4.2 Start Report ................................................................... 307 7.4.3 Set Operations ............................................................... 308 7.5 SAP Query .................................................................................. 310 7.5.1 Create SAP Query ........................................................... 312 7.5.2 Multi-Line Lists .............................................................. 317 7.5.3 Report-to-Report Assignment ........................................ 319 7.5.4 SAP Query Programs ...................................................... 320 10 Contents 7.5.5 SAP Query Transport Tool .............................................. 322 7.5.6 SAP Query Text Translations ........................................... 323 7.6 Human Resources Information System ........................................ 325 7.6.1 Create HIS Query ........................................................... 325 7.6.2 HIS Configuration ........................................................... 327 7.7 HCM Payroll Reporting ............................................................... 330 7.7.1 Payroll Infotypes ............................................................ 330 7.7.2 Wage Type Reporter ...................................................... 333 7.8 HCM System Audit Reporting ..................................................... 336 7.8.1 Log of Report Starts ....................................................... 336 7.8.2 Logged Changes in Infotype Data ................................... 338 7.9 Summary .................................................................................... 340 8 Developing Custom Reports .................................................... 343 8.1 Employee Master Data ................................................................ 343 8.1.1 Employee Selection ........................................................ 345 8.1.2 Employee Name ............................................................. 351 8.1.3 Repetitive Structures–DO VARYING ............................... 352 8.1.4 Date and Time Calculations ............................................ 356 8.1.5 Basic Pay ........................................................................ 356 8.1.6 Using Provide Statement or Macro with Time- Dependent Data ............................................................ 358 8.1.7 Reading Audit Log Cluster Data ...................................... 364 8.2 Organizational Management Data ............................................... 365 8.2.1 Reading OM Infotypes via Function Module .................. 368 8.2.2 Commonly Used Macros for Logical Database PCH ......... 369 8.3 Payroll Data ................................................................................ 369 8.3.1 Reading Payroll Cluster Data .......................................... 370 8.3.2 Payroll Results Infotypes ................................................ 381 8.3.3 Custom Payroll Country Versions .................................... 383 8.4 Time Management Data ............................................................. 384 8.4.1 Time Management Infotypes .......................................... 385 8.4.2 Reading Time Cluster Data ............................................. 387 8.5 ABAP List Viewer Reporting ........................................................ 388 8.5.1 ALV Reporting Using Methods ...................................... 389 8.5.2 ALV Reporting Using Function Modules ......................... 403 8.6 Summary .................................................................................... 414 11 Contents 9 HR Forms Workplace ................................................................ 417 9.1 HR MetaData Workplace ............................................................ 418 9.1.1 MetaNet ........................................................................ 418 9.1.2 Creating a MetaNet ........................................................ 419 9.1.3 MetaDimensions ............................................................ 421 9.1.4 MetaStars ....................................................................... 424 9.1.5 MetaFigures ................................................................... 426 9.1.6 Customizing the MetaNet .............................................. 426 9.2 HR Forms Workplace .................................................................. 430 9.2.1 Form InfoNet ................................................................. 431 9.2.2 Form Attributes .............................................................. 432 9.2.3 Copying a Form .............................................................. 434 9.3 Using SAP Form Builder .............................................................. 436 9.3.1 Global Settings ............................................................... 437 9.3.2 Pages and Windows ....................................................... 440 9.3.3 Creating a Next Page ...................................................... 441 9.3.4 Incorporating Graphics ................................................... 442 9.3.5 Secondary Windows ....................................................... 443 9.3.6 Main Window ................................................................ 449 9.3.7 Form Activation ............................................................. 453 9.3.8 Customizing the InfoNet ................................................ 455 9.4 Integration with Payroll .............................................................. 456 9.4.1 Wage Type Configuration ............................................... 456 9.4.2 Address Format .............................................................. 457 9.4.3 Regular Payroll ............................................................... 459 9.4.4 Off-Cycle Payroll ............................................................ 461 9.4.5 Calling the Print Program ............................................... 461 9.5 Integration with ESS ................................................................... 463 9.6 HR Forms Enhancements ............................................................ 464 9.7 Summary .................................................................................... 466 10 HCM Interface Tools ................................................................. 469 10.1 SAP Business Objects .................................................................. 469 10.1.1 Business Object Repository Browser ............................... 471 10.1.2 BAPI Explorer ................................................................. 475 10.1.3 BAPI Testing .................................................................. 476 12 Contents 10.1.4 Local BAPI Execution ..................................................... 479 10.1.5 Remote BAPI Execution ................................................. 481 10.2 Interface Toolbox ........................................................................ 482 10.2.1 Interface Toolbox Configuration ..................................... 484 10.2.2 Interface Format Export .................................................. 489 10.2.3 Export History ................................................................ 492 10.2.4 File Layout Enhancement ............................................... 493 10.2.5 Outsourcing Master Data & Payroll Results .................... 494 10.3 Application Link Enabling ........................................................... 499 10.3.1 IDoc/ALE Messaging ...................................................... 499 10.3.2 ALE Distribution ............................................................. 502 10.4 XML Data Interchange ................................................................ 504 10.4.1 XML File Layout for Interface Formats ............................ 505 10.4.2 XML Web Services ......................................................... 506 10.4.3 XML Development ......................................................... 510 10.5 Summary .................................................................................... 514 11 HCM Data Conversion .............................................................. 515 11.1 Data Transfer Methods ............................................................... 515 11.1.1 Direct Input ................................................................... 516 11.1.2 Batch Input .................................................................... 517 11.2 Batch Data Communication ........................................................ 523 11.2.1 Creating BDC Sessions .................................................... 523 11.2.2 Recording a Transaction ................................................. 526 11.2.3 Processing BDC Sessions ................................................ 529 11.3 Legacy System Migration Workbench ......................................... 533 11.3.1 LSMW Recordings .......................................................... 534 11.3.2 LSMW Objects ............................................................... 536 11.3.3 LSMW Administration .................................................... 541 11.4 Techniques for HCM Data Conversion ......................................... 543 11.4.1 HCM Conversion Preparation ......................................... 544 11.4.2 HCM Conversion Strategy .............................................. 549 11.4.3 HCM Conversion Test Cycles .......................................... 555 11.5 Summary .................................................................................... 556 13 Contents 12 Authorizations .......................................................................... 559 12.1 Authorizations Objects and Authorization Fields ......................... 560 12.1.1 Organization Key ........................................................... 561 12.1.2 Authorizations, Profiles, Roles, and Profile Generator ..... 563 12.1.3 HCM Specific Authorization Objects ............................... 567 12.1.4 Double Verification Principle .......................................... 576 12.1.5 Test Procedure ............................................................... 578 12.2 Structural Authorization .............................................................. 579 12.2.1 Defining and Assigning Structural Authorizations ........... 580 12.2.2 Interaction of General and Structural Authorizations ...... 584 12.2.3 Context-Based Authorization .......................................... 584 12.2.4 HR Authorization Main Switches and Additional Functions ....................................................................... 586 12.2.5 Periods of Responsibility and Time Logic ........................ 588 12.2.6 Common Issues .............................................................. 589 12.3 Authorization Enhancements ...................................................... 590 12.3.1 BAdIs ............................................................................. 590 12.3.2 Customer Authorization Objects ..................................... 594 12.3.3 Other Important Authorizations .................................... 596 12.4 Adding Authorization Checks to Custom Reports ........................ 598 12.5 Troubleshooting Authorization Issues ......................................... 601 12.6 Summary .................................................................................... 603 13 ESS and MSS Applications ....................................................... 605 13.1 HCM Self-Service Applications .................................................... 605 13.1.1 Employee Self-Service .................................................... 606 13.1.2 Manager Self-Service ...................................................... 607 13.1.3 HR Administrative Services ............................................. 607 13.1.4 Employee Interaction Center .......................................... 607 13.2 Enhancement Packages ............................................................... 608 13.2.1 Enhancement Package Components ............................... 610 13.2.2 Switch Framework .......................................................... 611 13.2.3 Activating a Business Function ....................................... 613 13.3 SAP NetWeaver Business Client .................................................. 615 13.3.1 SAP NetWeaver Business Client for Desktop .................. 616 13.3.2 SAP NetWeaver Business Client for HTML ...................... 618 14