Building for Everyone: A Universal Design Approach Sanitary facilities 5 Centre for Excellence in Universal Design Creating an environment that can be used by all people, regardless of their age, size, disability or ability. The National Disability Authority’s Centre for Excellence in Universal Design has a statutory role to promote the achievement of excellence in universal design in: • the design of the built and external environment • product/service design • information and communications technologies (ICT) • the development and promotion of standards • education and professional development • raising awareness of universal design More information and updates on the website at: www.universaldesign.ie II Building for Everyone Booklet 5 - Sanitary facilities The other booklets from the Building for Everyone series: Booklet 1 - External environment and approach Booklet 2 - Entrances and horizontal circulation Booklet 3 - Vertical circulation Booklet 4 - Internal environment and services Booklet 6 - Facilities in buildings Booklet 7 - Building types Booklet 8 - Building management Booklet 9 - Planning and policy Booklet 10 - Index and terminology I Contents 5.0 Objectives 4 5.1 Introduction 5 5.2 Terminology 8 5.3 Design Issues 11 5.3.1 Building user needs 11 5.3.2 Scale of provision 11 5.3.3 Convenient access 13 5.3.4 Easy identifcation 14 5.3.5 Particular building types 14 5.3.6 Temporary facilities 19 5.3.7 Future proofng 19 5.4 Single-Sex Toilets 22 5.4.1 Accessible toilet cubicles 22 5.4.2 E nlarged cubicles 27 5.4.3 Urinals 28 5.5 Unisex Toilets 33 5.5.1 Unisex accessible toilet 33 5.5.2 WC pans and cisterns 38 5.5.3 Enlarged unisex accessible toilet with standing height washbasin 40 5.5.4 Family toilets 42 5.5.5 Baby-changing facilities 43 5.6 Toilets for People Who Need Assistance 45 5.6.1 Unisex peninsular-arrangement toilet for assisted use 45 5.6.2 Unisex peninsular-arrangement toilet with adjustable changing bench and hoist facilities 48 5.7 Shower Rooms and Bathrooms 51 5.7.1 Self-contained accessible shower 52 5.7.2 Accessible shower with WC 56 5.7.3 Shower and peninsular arrangement WC for assisted use 60 II 5.7.4 Bathroom for independent use 62 5.8 Changing Areas 64 Contents 5.8.1 Self-contained accessible changing area 65 5.0 Objectives 4 5.8.2 Communal changing and shower areas 67 5.1 Introduction 5 5.9 Dwellings 68 5.2 Terminology 8 5.9.1 Toilets 68 5.3 Design Issues 11 5.9.2 Bathrooms 72 5.3.1 Building user needs 11 5.10 Detailed Design 75 5.3.2 Scale of provision 11 5.10.1 Assistance alarms 75 5.3.3 Convenient access 13 5.10.2 Clothes hooks 80 5.3.4 Easy identifcation 14 5.10.3 Doors and locks 81 5.3.5 Particular building types 14 5.10.4 Fire alarm 84 5.3.6 Temporary facilities 19 5.10.5 Grabrails 85 5.3.7 Future proofng 19 5.10.6 Hair dryers 86 5.4 Single-Sex Toilets 22 5.10.7 Hand-drying facilities 87 5.4.1 Accessible toilet cubicles 22 5.10.8 Heating 88 5.4.2 E nlarged cubicles 27 5.10.9 Lighting 88 5.4.3 Urinals 28 5.10.10 Lockers 89 5.5 Unisex Toilets 33 5.10.11 Mirrors 90 5.5.1 Unisex accessible toilet 33 5.10.12 Shelves 91 5.5.2 WC pans and cisterns 38 5.10.13 Signage 91 5.5.3 Enlarged unisex accessible toilet with standing 5.10.14 Soap dispensers 93 height washbasin 40 5.10.15 Surfaces 93 5.5.4 Family toilets 42 5.10.16 Toilet paper dispensers 94 5.5.5 Baby-changing facilities 43 5.10.17 Vending machines 94 5.6 Toilets for People Who Need Assistance 45 5.10.18 Waste disposal 95 5.6.1 Unisex peninsular-arrangement toilet for assisted use 45 5.10.19 Water supply 95 5.6.2 Unisex peninsular-arrangement toilet with adjustable changing bench and hoist facilities 48 A1 Defnition of Universal Design 100 5.7 Shower Rooms and Bathrooms 51 A2 Human Abilities and Design 100 5.7.1 Self-contained accessible shower 52 A3 Further Reading 105 5.7.2 Accessible shower with WC 56 List of illustrations 109 5.7.3 Shower and peninsular arrangement WC for assisted use 60 Index 111 III 5.7.4 Bathroom for independent use 62 5.0 Objectives The guidance in this booklet promotes the concept and philosophy of universal design and encourages developers, designers, builders and building managers to be innovative and think creatively about solutions that meet the needs of all building users. The objectives of the series of booklets are to: • i dentify and promote best practice with regard to universal design of the built and external environment • p rovide best practice guidelines while recognising existing regulations in Ireland • provide guidelines that are usable by and accessible to the target audience • promote the achievement of universal design in Ireland This booklet aims to: • i dentify and promote best practice with regard to universal design of sanitary facilities • i ncrease awareness of, and to encourage designers to identify, the needs of all those who will be using the sanitary facilities • h ighlight the wider benefts experienced by all when accessible and usable sanitary facilities are provided • e ncourage designers to provide universal design solutions for sanitary facilities that look beyond the minimum requirements of national building regulations 4 5.0.1 How to use this guidance The guidance (Sections 5.3 – 5.10) in this booklet is provided at three levels: Section 5.3 • H ighlights design issues that should be considered for the building as a whole, ensuring that the overall provision is suitable for all building occupants. Section 5.4 - 5.9 • P rovides detailed design guidance for individual rooms within a building, and includes a wide range of toilet, bathroom, shower room, and changing facilities. Section 5.10 • F ocuses on the design and provision of specifc accessories and services that are common to all of the sanitary facilities described in Section 5.4 - Section 5.9. 5.1 Introduction This booklet is part of the series “Building for Everyone – A Universal Design Approach,” which aims to provide practical guidance on the universal design of buildings, places and facilities. Universal design places human diversity at the heart of the design process so that buildings and environments can be designed to meet the needs of all users. It therefore covers all persons regardless of their age or size and those who have any particular physical, sensory, mental health or intellectual ability or disability. It is about achieving good design so that people can access, use and understand the environment to the greatest extent and in the most independent and natural manner possible, without the need for adaptations or specialised solutions (see full defnition in Appendix A1). Why universal design? People are diverse - some are left-handed and some right-handed - and people vary in their age, size and functional capacities. Illness or disability (whether 5 temporary or permanent) can also affect characteristics, such as a person’s mobility, dexterity, reach, balance, strength, stamina, sight, hearing, speech, touch, knowledge, understanding, memory, or sense of direction. A reference list with these booklets indicates some of the key differences in human abilities that should guide design of buildings and of outdoor places. (See full description of Human Abilities in Appendix A2). People of diverse abilities should be able to use buildings and places comfortably and safely, as far as possible without special assistance. People should be able to fnd their way easily, understand how to use building facilities, such as intercoms or lifts, know what is a pedestrian facility, and know where they may encounter traffc. Given the wide diversity of the population, a universal design approach, which caters for the broadest range of users from the outset, can result in buildings and places that can be used and enjoyed by everyone. That approach eliminates or reduces the need for expensive changes or retro fts to meet the needs of particular groups at a later stage. It is good practice to ascertain the needs of the range of expected users as early as possible, and to check the practicality and usability of emerging designs with a diverse user panel. Designing for one group can result in solutions that address the needs of many others. For example: • level entry (Step-free) entrances facilitate not just wheelchair users but also people with buggies; people with suitcases or shopping trolleys; people using walking or mobility aids; and people with visual diffculties • larger toilet compartments provide easier access to wheelchair users; those with luggage or parcels; parents with pushchairs or accompanying small children; those using walking or mobility aids; and larger-sized people • clear, well-placed signage that uses recognised symbols or pictograms helps people with reading or cognitive diffculties, and those whose frst language is neither English nor Irish Sometimes one solution will not suit all and a range of options will need to be provided, for example: 6 • providing both steps and a ramp where there is a change in level • providing parking ticket machines that offer slots at different heights to facilitate use at standing height, at sitting height, and by people of small stature This series of booklets is for architects, engineers, planners, developers, designers, building contractors, building workers, building managers, and others involved in designing, commissioning and managing buildings and their surroundings. It provides guidance on a universal design approach to all new buildings, and the use and adaptation of existing environments. Those who commission, design, construct or manage any part of the built and made environment also have a duty of care to adhere to relevant legislation and regulations including equality legislation, building regulations and health and safety regulations. The guidance is based on a best practice approach drawing on up-to-date international best practice, guidelines and standards; previous guidance by the National Disability Authority; and extends beyond disability access matters to incorporate a universal design approach. The series is fully compatible with Part M (2010) of the Building Regulations and associated Technical Guidance Documents related to Part M. A disability access certifcate is required for new buildings other than dwellings (including apartment buildings) and certain other works (as set out in Article 20 D (1) of SI 351 of 2009) to which the Requirements of Part M of the Building Regulations apply, which commence or take place on or after 1 January 2012. Further details on these and other relevant standards, codes of practice, and professional codes of practice are listed in Appendix A3 Further Reading. The detailed guidance provided here does not represent the only possible solution. Designers may come up with other ways to meet a diversity of users. New materials and technologies that emerge may open up further possibilities of accommodating the diversity of the population. 7 Checklists are provided throughout the series and while they provide a summary of main considerations and technical criteria, they should not be regarded as a substitute for the main text or an exhaustive list. A comprehensive index is also available with the suite of booklets. The Building for Everyone series is available online at www.nda.ie and www.universaldesign.ie. Electronic links are provided to relevant sections in the different booklets. As standards and requirements develop, the electronic versions of these booklets will be updated. The electronic version is produced in accessible PDF format in accordance with the Web Content Access Guidelines 2.0. If you have any diffculties in this regard or require the document, or particular sections, in alternative formats, please contact the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design at the National Disability Authority,