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Sanguisorba minor (Rosaceae) adventive in Texas PDF

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Preview Sanguisorba minor (Rosaceae) adventive in Texas

Texas. Phytoneuron 2012-93: l SANGUISORBA MINOR (ROSACEAE) ADVENTIVE TEXAS IN Jason Singhurst R. Wildlife Diversity Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road Austin, Texas 7S704 Jason. [email protected] Walter Holmes C. Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798-7388 ABSTRACT A Sanguisorba minor reported as occurring in Texas. key to the two species of the genus is USA now known in the state and comments on the distribution of each species in the are included. The invasive potential of the species briefly mentioned. is KEY WORDS: Rosaceae, Sanguisorba, United States, Texas, adventive species. adventive and W TEXAS. Fannin Co.: From Honey Grove, 1.9 mi of jet of Texas Hwy 34 and Texas Hwy 56 on Hwy N FM Hwy FM 56, then 1. 1 mi ofjet of 1396 and 56 on 1396, 19 .Tun 201 2, Singhurst, Womack, & Clark, Warriner 19309 (BAYLU). Figure 1. Sanguinsorba minor was located in a seepage transition between an upland prairie and the edge of a small reservoir (tank). Associated flora at the edge of the reservoir included Juncus texanus, Eleocharis montevidensis, Lycopus americanus, Lythrum alatum, Eupatorium Samolus sp., parviflorus, and Pluchea odorata. This aquatic system was located within an upland tailgrass prairie on clay soil over the Gober Chalk Geological Formation. The upland prairie was dominated by Schizachyrium scoparium, Bouteloua curtipendula, Sporobolus compositis, Silphium laciniata, Baptisia australis, Dalea purpurea, D. compacia, Liatris squarrosa var. glabrata, and L. aestivalis. The species a native or Eurasia (Fernald 1950), with the present Old World distribution is being Europe, westward through central Asia to the Himalayas, northwest Africa and Libya USA (Hortipedia 2012). The species has been introduced to western (New Mexico to Montana and USA (USDA NRCS westward) and the northeast (Tennessee-North Carolina northward) 2012). The origin of the species in Texas is apparently related to the use of the species as forage for livestock and & wildlife (Carr Smith 2010). In that work, Sanguisorba minor specifically discussed as an is agricultural crop but the article does not provide the standard botanical protocols for reporting additions to the flora of a state. Sanguisorba minor an early introduction to the United States, being mentioned as such by is Torrey and Gray (1840) under the synonym Poterium sanguisorba L. Bailey (1949) described the status of the species as "somewhat nat.[uralized] in N. Amer." Gleason and Cronquist (1963) remarked that the species "established as a weed along roadsides and in fields and in waste places is here and there in our range" (northeast United States and adjacent Canada). Voss (1985), in the Sanguisorba minor adventi ve n Texas 2 5 : i i common Michigan mentioned "Despite names [Garden Salad Old World Flora, the or Burnet], this As species apparently not cultivated to any extent in this country, but a very local weed." is is evaluated from the above comments, does not appear that the species will present ecological it problems in the other than not being a native part of the flora of Texas. state, names The Sanguisorba Texas Several subspecific are recognized in minor. plants are & Nyman) Munoz, minor balearica (Bourgeau ex Garmendia, Navarro. nearest subsp. C. to S. Figure Sanguisorba minor Fannin County, Texas. Photo by Jason 19 June 2012. Singhurst, in 1. This the second species of Sanguisorba reported occur in Texas, the other being to is S. may annua The two by which be of (Nutt.) Nutt. species distinguished use the following key, is from Radford modified (1968). et al. mm Leaflets pectinately dissected nearly midrib, segments about wide, plants annual to 1. 1 annua Sanguisorba mm minor merely Sanguisorba Leaflets coarsely toothed, 7 wide; plants perennial to ca. 1. USA annua Sanguisorba widely western distributed in the but sparingly so in the East, is USD NRCS New where A, presence South Maryland, York, and (2012) in Carolina, cites its Massachusetts. In Texas the species exhibits an approximately triangular shaped distribution in the north central portion of the basically from Travis County northward to Fannin County, west to state, Wichita County and Maverick County of South Texas determined from also the Plains (distribution specimens of Texas Database and specimens Baylor cited in the Flora (2012) in the University [BAYLU]). Herbarium Sanguisorba minor aduentiwe Texas 3 in There is no uniformity in the author citation of Sanguisorba annua. Diggs et al (1999) have & & USDA,NRCS used (Nutt. ex Hook.) Torr. A.Gray, (2012) uses (Nutt. ex Hook) Nutt. ex Torr. A. Gray, and the International Plant Names Index (2012) uses (Nutt.) Nutt., which we followed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We We Guy Nesom thank for his review and facilitation of publication of this paper. also Womack thank Jessica for access to her amazing tallgrass prairie in Fannin County. LITERATURE CITED New Bailey, L.H. 1949. Manual of Cultivated Plants. Macmillan Company, York, Carr, B. and IE. Smith. 2010. Sanguisorba minor (small burnet). The Reverchon Naturalist. 5: 1. Diggs, G.M., B.L. Lipscomb and R.J. O'Kennon. 1999. Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Jr., Sida, Bot. Misc. 16. Bot. Res. Inst, of Texas, Fort Worth. Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Company, New York Flora of Texas Database. 2012. Plant Resources Center, Univ. Texas, Austin. <http://www.biosci. utexas.edu/pre/Tex./html> Accessed October 2012. A A Gleason, and Cronquist. 1963. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and IT. New Adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton, Jersey. Hortipedia. 2012, Sanguisorba minor ssp. minor. <http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Sanguisorba_minor_ ssp._minor> Accessed October 20 12. IPNI. 2012. International Plant Names Index, <http://www.ipni.org> Accessed October 2012. Radford, AE., H.E. Ahles, and C.R Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. A A & New Torrey, and Gray. 1840. Flora of North America. Wiley Putnam, York. J. USDA NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, North Carolina, <http://piants.usda.gov> Accessed October 2012. — Voss, E.G. 1985. Michigan flora. Part II, Dicots (Saururaceae Cornaceae). Cranbrook Institute of Ann Science Bull. 59 and Univ. Michigan Herbarium, Arbor.

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