University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 1649 Samuel Danforth's Almanack Poems and Chronological Tables 1647-1649 Samuel Danforth Harvard College Paul Royster (transcriber & editor) University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at:https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience Part of theLibrary and Information Science Commons Danforth, Samuel and Royster, Paul (transcriber & editor), "Samuel Danforth's Almanack Poems and Chronological Tables 1647-1649" (1649).Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries. 36. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/36 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ABSTRACT Samuel Danforth’s poems from the Almanacks for 1647–1649 are some S D AMUEL ANFORTH’S of the earliest examples of “secular” poetry published in New England. Danforth (1626–1674) was a fellow of Harvard College and an astronomer and mathematician as well as a poet. Although these were not the first almanacs printed in America (the first was by William Peirce, printed at Cambridge in 1639), they are the earliest surviving examples. Danforth’s A P LMANACK OEMS first printed almanac, for the year 1646 (which survives only in one par- tial copy), contained no poetry; instead the foot of each month’s page held a running essay on astronomy and the calendar. In 1647, he began to AND use the 8 to 10 lines at the bottom of each month’s page for his original poems, ostensibly on natural and historical topics (pigeons, caterpillars, earthquakes, and hurricanes), but being a good Puritan, the religious el- C HRONOLOGICAL ement was never far removed; and it is especially noteworthy how many of the poems refer specifically to the history of the Massachusetts colo- ny—at that time not quite twenty years old. Because of these references, T ABLES the “chronological tables” printed on the last two pages of each of these almanacs are also included here. These tables are among the earliest pub- lished histories of the Puritan enterprise in New England and give a fas- 1647–1649 cinating glimpse of the colony’s self-image in its veritable infancy. The Almanacks run from March through February, reflecting the sev- enteenth-century calendar. The page for each month shows the weeks and days, the times of sunrise and sunset, the court sessions, the fairs, the quarters of the moon, the places of the planets, the sign of the zodiac EDITED BY PAUL ROYSTER where the moon is at noon, the lunar sysygies, and the mutual aspects of the planets, calculated for 42° 30 m. latitude and 315° longitude. In 1650, Danforth handed over the preparation of the almanac to Urian Oakes and left Harvard and Cambridge to take up the post of pastor at Roxbury, where he joined John Eliot. He later published An Astronomical Description of the Late Comet or Blazing Star (1665), an election sermon A Brief Recognition of New-Englands Errand into the Wilderness (1671), and an execu- tion sermon The Cry of Sodom Enquired Into (1674), as well as a catechism (1650, now lost). For the sake of collecting all of Danforth’s known poetry, two elegies for Rev. William Tompson, written in a manuscript journal and signed by him, are also included. 1 CONTENTS From MDCXLVII: An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord 1647 From Almanack for 1647 [March] Poems 1 A Chronologicall Table 4 A Coal-white Bird appeares this spring That neither cares to sigh or sing. This when the merry Birds espy, From Almanack for 1648 They take her for some enemy. Poems 6 Why so, when as she humbly stands Only to shake you by your hands ? A Chronological Table 10 [April] From Almanack for 1649 That which hath neither tongue nor wings Poems 12 This month how merrily it sings: A Chronological Table 16 To see such, out for dead who lay To cast their winding sheets away ? Freinds! would you live ? some pils then take Two Elegies for William Tompson (1666) 18 When head and stomack both doe ake. Notes 19 [May] White Coates! whom choose you ? whom you list: Note on the Texts 21 Some Ana-tolleratorist! Wolves, lambs, hens, foxes to agree By setting all opinion-free: If Blew-coates doe not this prevent, Hobgoblins will be insolent. [June] Who dig’d this spring of Gardens here, Whose mudded streames at last run cleare ? But why should we such water drink ? Give loosers what they list to think, Yet know, one God, one Faith profest To be New-Englands interest. 2 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1647 3 [July] [November] The wooden Birds are now in sight, None of the wisest now will crave Whose voices roare, whose wings are white, To know what winter we shall have. Whose mawes are fill’d with hose and shooes, It shall be milde, let such be told, With wine, cloth, sugar, salt and newes, If that it be not over cold. When they have eas’d their stomacks here Nor over cold shall they it see, They cry, farewell untill next yeare. If very temperate it bee. [August] [December] Many this month I doe fore-see It maybe now some enemy- Together by the eares will bee: Not seen, but felt, will make you fly. Indian and English in the field Where is it best then to abide ? To one another will not yeild. I think close by the fier side. Some weeks continue wil this fray, If you must fight it out i’th field, Till they be carted all away. Your hearts let woollen breast-plates shield. [September] [January] Four heads should meet and counsell have, Great bridges shall be made alone The chickens from the kite to save, Without ax, timber, earth or stone, The idle drones away to drive, Of chrystall metall, like to glasse; The little Bees to keep i’th hive. Such wondrous works soon come to passe, How hony may be brought to these If you may then have such a way, By making fish to dance on trees. The Ferry-man you need not pay. [October] [February] If discontented Bellyes shall Our Lillyes which refus’d to spin Wish that the highest now might fall: All winter past, shall now begin Their wish fulfilled they shall see, To feel the lash of such a Dame, Whenas within the woods they bee. Whom some call Idlenes by name. Poor Tinker think’st our shrubs will sing: Excepting such who all this time The Bramble here shall be our King. Had reason good against my rime. 4 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1647 5 1647 1647 sT T T ince Christhe Yeare he Month he Day Of s£ome fCewH mfiRresmtO opNrlaanbOlteiL nthgO ionGfg MsI, CwasAhsiacLchh Luhase ptTpse.nAedB sLinEce the Y1166e44a32r . M3 D to chTTrhhiseet iffaiinrrssittt yuI,nn wditaiiansn gW toehfqa utth aheseh 4l d oE ff noSgratlyih-s hba r Ccolooeklaor.n wieosr.k of conversion 1630 4 12 HE Governour and Assistants arrived at Salem, The first time the Indian Sachems submitted themselves T bringing with them the Patent, and therewith the and their people to the English. Government transferred hither. 4 22 viz. Pumham and Sacononocho, 6 27 The first ordination of an Elder [viz. Mr. Wilson] in the 1644 1 8 Cutchamakin, Mascanomet, Squaw-Sachem, Massachusets Bay. Wossamegan, Nashawanon, 7 30 The first Magistrate that dyed in Massachusets was Isaac 4 Passaconoway and his sonnes. Johnson Esquire, a right Nathaniel, a gentleman of singular pi- The first year wherin ye several Colonies agreed freely to ety and syncerity. contribute to the furtherance of Learning. 12 5 The first & most seasonable supply of provisions fro¯ Eng- 1646 The first time, wherin through the tender mercy of God, land, by Mr. William Peirce in the ship Lion. 1 the Gospell was preached to the Indians in their owne lan- 1632 6 5 The first visit, which the Narraganset Sachem Miantoni- guage, by Mr. I. E. Teacher of the church at Roxbury, moh gave to the Governour at Boston. whereby much illumination & sweet affection was in a short 9 23 The first Pirate fro¯ Massachusets was one Dixy Bull, who time wrought in diverse of them & a hopefull reformation be- with 15 his consorts robbed Pemaquid, and so vanished. gun, in abandoning idlenes, filthynes and other known sinnes, 12 21 The first winter hazzard of the Magistrates & Elders, was and in offering up themselves and their children to the Eng- at Nantascut, where they were frozen up 2 dayes and 2 nights, lish freely and gladly, that they might be better instructed in ye ill provided of all sustenance. things of God. 1633 9 The first great mortality amongst the Indians by the small The first Indian Towne given by the Generall Court to the 10 pox, whereof Chickatabut Sachem of Naponset & John and Indians, within the bounds of Cambridge, called Nonauntum, James Sagamores dyed. that is to say, joy or gladnes. 1634 6 2 The first Pastor that dyed here, was Mr. Samuel Skelton, Pastor to the Church at Salem, a faithfull minister of Jesus Christ. 7 4 The first Generall Court at Cambridge. The time when these Townes following began, 1635 The first plantation at Connecticut. 6 15 The first Hiracano, wherby many 100ds of trees were 1628 Salem. 1631 Marble-head. 1639 Glocester. throwne downe, but not one house that I heare of. 1629 Charls-town. 1633 Ipswich. Salisbury. 1636 6 25 The first expedition against the Block-Ilanders or Pequots Linne. 1634 Newbury. Wenham. under the command of Mr. Endicot. 1630 Dorchester. Hingham. 1640 Woburne. 8 22 The first Treaty and peace concluded with Miantonimoh. Water-town. 1635 Dedham. Braintree. 1637 6 30 The first Synod at Cambridge. Roxbury. Concord. Reading. 12 The first Military Company framed at Boston. Boston. 1638 Hampton. Manchester. 1638 2 21 The first visit Osamekins gave the Governour. 1631 Cambridge. Sudbury. 1641 Haverill. 4 1 The first great and generall Earth-quake. Weymouth 1639 Rowley. Hull. 5 The first visit Unkas the Mouhegin Sachem gave at Cambridge. 1639 The first Printing at Cambridge. 1642 4 The first discovery of the great mountaine (called ye Chrys- FINIS tall Hills) to the NW. by Darby Feild. 6 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1648 7 From MDCXLVIII: An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord 1648 [March] [June] Awake yee westerne Nymphs, arise and sing: At this tree’s roots Astræa sits and sings And with fresh tunes salute your welcome spring, And waters it, whence upright JUSTICE springs, Behold a choyce, a rare and pleasant plant, Which yearly shoots forth Lawes & Libertyes, Which nothing but it’s parallell doth want. That no mans Will or Wit may tyrannize. T’was but a tender slip a while agoe, Those Birds of prey, who somtime have opprest About twice ten years or a little moe, And stain’d the Country with their filthy nest, But now ’tis grown unto such comely state Justice abhors; & one day hopes to finde That one would think ’t an Olive tree or Date. A way to make all promise-breakers grinde. [April] [July] A skilfull Husband-man he was, who brought On this tree’s top hangs pleasant LIBERTY, This matchles plant from far, & here hath sought Not seen in Austria, France, Spain, Italy. A place to set it in: & for it’s sake, Some fling their swords at it, their caps some cast The wildernes a pleasant land doth make, In Britain ’t will not downe, it hangs so fast. And with a tender care it setts and dresses, A loosnes (true) it breeds (Galen ne’r saw) Digs round about it, waters, dungs & blesses, Alas! the reason is, men eat it raw. And, that it may fruit forth in season bring, True Liberty’s there ripe, where all confess Doth lop & cut & prune it every spring. They may do what they will, but wickednes. [May] [August] Bright Phœbus casts his silver sparkling ray, PEACE is another fruit; which this tree bears, Upon this thriving plant both night & day. The cheifest garland that this Country wears, And with a pleasant aspect smiles upon Which over all house-tops, townes, fields doth spread, The tender buds & blooms that hang theron. And stuffes the pillow for each weary head. The lofty skyes their chrystall drops bestow; It bloom’d in Europe once, but now ’tis gon: Which cause the plant to flourish & to grow. And’s glad to finde a desart-mansion. The radiant Star is in it’s Horoscope: Thousands to buye it with their blood have sought And there ’t will raigne & rule for aye, we hope. But cannot finde it; we ha’t here for nought. 8 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1648 9 [September] [December] In times of yore, (some say, it is no ly) Of late from this tree’s root within the ground There was a tree that brought forth UNITY. Rich MINES branch out, Iron & Lead are found, It grew a little while, a year or twain, Better then Peru’s gold or Mexico’s But since ’twas nipt, ’t hath scarce been seen again, Which cannot weapon us against our foes, Till some here sought it, & they finde it now Nor make us howes, nor siths, nor plough-shares mend: With trembling for to hang on every bough. Without which tools mens honest lives would end. At this faire fruit, no wonder, if there shall Some silver-mine, if any here doe wish, Be cudgells flung sometimes, but ’t will not fall. They it may finde i’ th’ bellyes of our fish. [October] [January] Forsaken TRUTH, Times daughter, groweth here. But lest this Olive plant in time should wither, (More pretious fruit, what tree did ever beare ?) And so it’s fruit & glory end togither, Whose pleasant sight aloft hath many fed, The prudent Husband-men are pleas’d to spare And what falls down knocks Error on the head. No work or paines, no labour, cost or care, Blinde Novio sayes, that nothing here is True, A NURSERY to plant, with tender sprigs, Because (thinks he) no old thing can be new. Young shoots & sprouts, small branches, slips & twigs; Alas poor smoaky Times, that can’t yet see, Whence timely may arise a good supply Where Truth doth grow, on this or on that Tree. In room of sage & aged ones that dye. [November] [February] Few think, who only hear, but doe not see, The wildest SHRUBS, that forrest ever bare, That PLENTY groweth much upon this tree. Of late into this Olive, grafted are. That since the mighty COW her crown hath lost, Welcome poor Natives, from your salvage fold. In every place shee’s made to rule the rost: Your hopes we prize above all Western gold. That heaps of Wheat, Pork, Bisket, Beef & Beer, Your pray’rs, tears, knowledge, labours promise much, Masts, Pipe-staves, Fish should store both farre & neer: Wo, if you be not, as you promise, such. Which fetch in Wines, Cloth, Sweets & good Tobacc- Sprout forth, poor sprigs, that all the world may sing O be contented then, you cannot lack. How Heathen shrubs kisse Jesus for their King. 10 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1648 11 1648 1648 Year. M D. sT T T inh h h ce Christe Yeare e Month e Day £ CHRofO sNomoOec LcfueOrwrG emnIceCemsA.orLa bTleABLE, 1 639 1 15 bm leedwAGo anwrteo eSatstoh. udetrrh ot,eu mrgahpytse etshdt, r twohuhegi rchihv t ebhrle ea wtc oC duoonnwtnrnye ,sc oltiimtctuelet h 2oo1ru f nsoeoos t,r a&aibn woevh feer ntoh miet the 26 of ye second to the 10th of ye 4th month. 1636 5 MASTER Iohn Oldam murdered in his bark Innumerable swarmes of strange flyes fleeting upon the by ye Indians of Block-Island, who were sur- fens. prized in the same bark by John Gallop, brought 1640 7 Miantonimoh’s first conspiracye against the English. thither at the same instant against his purpose. 1641 Mr. William Peirce, an expert marriner and Samuel Wake- 1637 3 The massacre at Wethersfield by the Pequots. man slain at Providence, newly taken by ye Spainyard. 3 An expedition against ye Pequots under Mr. Stoughton, Mr. 7 11 A great light appeared to the South-ward between 7 and 8 Wilson being minister. in the evening. 3 25 Mistick Fort taken and the Pequots slain and burnt in it by 1642 7 A generall conspiracy of Miantonimoh & many other Indi- the English of ye River. ans to cutt off all the English. 4 20 Some passengers died, travelling in the heat at their first 1643 1 3 Another Earthquake on the Lords day morning. landing. Much corne spoyled this harvest by pigeons and after by 5 6 Fourty Pequot captives brought to Boston. mice. 13 The last defeat of the Pequots at the swamp neer the This spring Miantonimoh went forth with about 900 or Dutch. 1000 Indians, to war against Uncas, who offered him single 6 Block-Island subdued and made tributary. combate, which Miantonimo refused, trusting to his numbers, 26 Mr. Stoughton and all the souldiers returned home, none whom Uncas defeated defeated in battle and took Mianton: & being slain. in the fall after put him to death. 8 17 Mrs. Dier brought forth her horned-foure-talanted 1644 The massacre in Virginia, wherein about 300 English were monster. slain by ye Indians; wch. was soon after Mr. Tompson and Mr. 9 4 Snow a foot deep, which continued about 4 months and 19 Knowles (who were called by them & sent from hence by the dayes, the like never seen since. Churches to preach to them) were discouraged & returned. 11 13 Thirty of Boston surprized at Spectacle Iland in a N.W. 4 The Narrowgansets began to warr upon Uncas in revenge storm, & some lost their lives, some their fingers & toes. of Miantonimoh his death. This spring the Plantation at Road-Iland began. 7 1 Mr. George Phillips, first Pastor of ye Church at Water- 1638 4 1 The great and generall Earth-quake. towne dyed. 6 3 A violent tempest which brake downe the winde-mil at 1646 5 Multitudes of Caterpillars destroyed some fields of corne, Charlstown, & caused two floods in six houres. pass through others & eat ye blade & toucht not the grain, and About this time the Indian was murthered in the way to in other fields eat only ye grasse, no corn. Taunton by four English servants of Plimouth, for wch. 3 were 8 Mr. Eliot began to preach to ye Indians in their owne executed soon after & ye 4th escaped. language. This yeare arrived 20 ships and 3000 passengers from 1647 4 An Epidemicall faint cough through the Country. 1 England. 5 7 Mr. Tho. Hooker Pastor of the Church at Hartford, a man 9 17 Mr. Roger Harlakenden one of our Magistrates, about 30 eminently filled and fitted to doe much good, departed this years of age, a man of singular piety & virtue, dyed. The righ- life in peace. Of whome this world was not worthy. teous shall be had in everlasting remembrance. 10 15 The great tempest of winde & snow, wherin Dinely and FINIS some others perished in & about the Bay, on land; and An- thony Dike and others with him cast away upon Cape-Cod. 12 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1649 13 From MDCXLIX: An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord 1649 [March] [June] In Englands armes, an Orphan once did sit: But by & by, grave Monanattock rose, The question was, what should be done with it ? Grim Sasacus with swarms of Pequottoes, Its Step-dame mercilesse would have it sent Who smote our hindermost, whose arrows stung, To th’ wildernes; the rest all said, content. Who vow’d with English blood their ground to dung. But when the Fathers Bowels did foresee, But Mistick flames & th’ English sword soon damps. What sorrows in the wildernes should bee, This rampant crue; pursues them In their swamps, He went with it: and when through scarcity And makes them fly their land with fear & shame: It cry’d, he heard, & streight-way sent supply. That th’ Indians dread is now the English name. [April] [July] A four-horn’d Beast this Orphan spying here, Just when these hounds first bit, Truth suffers scorne, Threatned forthwith in peices it to teare. Strange errours bark, the devil winds his horne Whose homes not able for to tosse & gore, And blows men almost wilde; Opinion This Hand shall reach, said he, the Ocean o’re. Within the house would mistresse it alone. A kennell of stout hounds awakened then, The poyson kills, makes light, loose, high, divides, And scar’d this little creature to his den. And would have broke to factions, fractions, sides. But lest the Orphan should it alway dread, The Thrones were therfore set, and in that day The hunters hand cut off his horned head. When Pequots fly, Opinion hasts away. [May] [August] No sooner was an house here built, to keep Great Earth-quakes frequently (as one relates) This Out-cast dry, where it might rest & sleep, Forerun strange plagues, dearths, wars & change of states, But now an Airy thing above all men Earths shaking fits by venemous vapours here, Would have roofs, walls, foundations down agen, How is it that they hurt not, as elsewhere ! (And shook them sore) that so by rents & strife Succeeding ages may interpret well, Without all house-room, it might end its life. What those mutations are, which these foretell. Which when the Builders saw, they drave it hence: Some think that now they hurt not any men: Wherein appear’d a special providence. But only those who were not shaken then. 14 SAMUEL DANFORTH From An Almanack for 1649 15 [September] [December] The birds consulted once, who should appear An Arrow at noon day here once did fly, Against their enemies in battel heer. Which wounded every man & family. To strip us of our food was first the plot : This poyson soon the Body overspread, Upon the Pigeons therefore fell the lot. And seiz’d upon the spirits, lungs & head. Their troops were numberles, darkning the skies, ’Tis strange, such brittle vessels did not break, Spoyling the fields in dreadfull companies, When as the strongest scarce could help the weak. When to their losse they thus had took much prey, How most were heal’d, some doe not understand, One sounds retrait, apace they haste away. ’T was by a touch of one Physicians hand. [October] [January] The high & mighty states conspired, how While Europe burnes & broiles & dyes in flames, To cut off all the English at a blow. And Englands sobs are heard from Tweed to Thames; Be wise, look noble Uncas unto it: While Irelands ashes up and down do fly, Thou canst scarce save thy self by Foxens wit, And Scotlands tears run down aboundantly: And by thy fall comes in the English wo, While poor Barbados cryes; the Pestilence ! If it may be by Miantonimo. And Virgins-land thrusts out her sons from thence; Brave Uncas thinks, he is too high, by th’ head, The worthles Orphan may sit still and blesse, And cuts it off; so wee delivered. That yet it sleeps in peace and quietnes. [November] [February] A Prognostication. Armies of earthly Angels then arose, The morning Kings may next ensuing year, Who from her crown the Summer would depose. With mighty Armies in the aire appear, They march in mighty troops, from place to place: By one mans means there shall be hither sent Pitcht fields fell down before their grizly face. The Army, Citty, King and Parliament. It past all humane skill, how to engage Two that have travel’d round about the earth, The fowles against the caterpillers rage; Shall by their coming here prevent a dearth. But suddenly to-flight, they all prepare; A Child but newly born, shall then foretell No man knows how, unles it was by pray’r. Great changes in a Winding-sheet; Farewell.