Salt and Light Living the Sermon on the Mount Eberhard Arnold Foreword by Jürgen Moltmann Please share this e-book with your friends. Feel free to e-mail it or print it in its entirety or in part, but please do not alter it in any way. If you wish to make multiple copies for wider distribution, or to reprint portions in a newsletter or periodical, please observe the following restrictions: 1. You may not reproduce it for commercial gain. 2. You must include this credit line: “Copyright 2007 by Plough Publishing House. Used with permission.” This e-book is a publication of Plough Publishing House, Farmington, PA 15437 USA (www.plough.com) and Robertsbridge, East Sussex, TN32 5DR, UK (www.ploughbooks.co.uk) Copyright © 2007 by Plough Publishing House, Farmington, PA 15437 USA All Rights Reserved Chapters five, six, and seven of the Gospel of Matthew have been reprinted from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, © 1946, 1952, by Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches. Used with permission. The verses quoted at the end of The Fight Against Mammon (James 5: 1–7) have been reprinted from Holy Bible, New International Version®, ©1973, 1978, 1984, by International Bible Society. Used by permission of International Bible Society. All other Bible quotations were freely quoted in German by the author and translated by the editors.Copyright 2002 by Plough Publishing House, Farmington, PA 15437 USA. All Rights Reserved. Cover photograph: © IFA—Peter Arnold, Inc. We have listened to the Sermon on the Mount and perhaps have understood it. But who has heard it aright? Jesus gives the answer at the end (Matt. 7:24– 29). He does not allow his hearers to go away and make of his sayings what they will, picking and choosing from them whatever they find helpful and testing them to see if they work. He does not give them free rein to misuse his word with their mercenary hands, but gives it to them on condition that it retains exclusive power over them. Humanly speaking, we could understand and interpret the Sermon on the Mount in a thousand different ways. Jesus knows only one possibility: simple surrender and obedience, not interpreting it or applying it, but doing and obeying it. That is the only way to hear his word. He does not mean that it is to be discussed as an ideal; he really means us to get on with it. Dietrich Bonhoeffer To The ReadeR Salt and Light became a book many years after Eberhard Arnold’s death. Its chapters were compiled and translated by members of the Bruderhof communities from articles, talks, and lectures from the years 1915– 1935. Arnold grappled with the Sermon on the Mount his whole adult life. His relentless faithfulness to its demands bore practical fruit in a community movement that is still thriving today. Although Arnold was addressing a Germany in political and social ferment, his words are not bound to time and place. They direct us out of our bankruptcy to a new, revolutionary way. ConTenTS Foreword ................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................x The Sermon on the Mount ..................................................... xviii Not a New Law ..............................................................1 Becoming True Men and Women ................................3 Salt and Light ............................................................... 9 Happiness ................................................................... 17 The Nature of the New Justice .................................. 22 “But I Say to You...” ................................................... 32 Away from Compromise and Shadow ....................... 36 Against Bloodshed and Violence ............................... 43 The Better Righteousness .......................................... 50 God or Mammon ........................................................54 The Fight Against Mammon...................................... 58 Mammon and the Living God ....................................72 The Decision .............................................................. 99 Resistance by Surrender ........................................... 112 The Spirit of Life Overcomes ....................................123 Present Experience, Future Kingdom ......................133 The Joyful News of the Kingdom .............................146 FoRewoRd This book opens with the question, “How do we respond to the Sermon on the Mount?” – a question that must be asked by each new generation. Each generation must find its own answer to the call of Jesus. Yet throughout the centuries there is a fellowship of those who face the powerful challenge of the Sermon on the Mount without reservation, ready for unconditional discipleship. Among those who speak to us today are the Waldensians and Hussites, the Baptizers and the Hutterites, the Mennonites and Quakers, and now Eberhard Arnold of the Bruderhof. On the way of Jesus, however, intervals of time lose their meaning; brothers and sisters of earlier days speak to us as if they were present today –which they are, if we listen to them and through their voices hear the voice of Jesus. As I was reading Arnold’s vision of the Sermon on the Mount and imagining the first Bruderhof – a lonely, impoverished little settlement in the Rhön hills – I was suddenly struck by the inseparable connection between Jesus’ words and unconditional discipleship, between discipleship and the communal life of the Twelve, between the life of brotherly love and the expectation of God’s kingdom on earth. These things must never be separated. Arnold shows us that the Sermon on the Mount is not a new moral law but a proclamation, a witness to the power of the coming kingdom and true life. The Beatitudes come before Jesus’ new commandments. Before laying the yoke of discipleship upon us, Jesus fills our hearts with the powers of God’s spirit. Arnold shows us that following these commandments consistently is neither an ideal nor an ordeal, but a matter of course in the community of Jesus. In the community of Jesus, life becomes clear, simple, decisive, and unequivocal. Gone are the many doubts and compromises, the many half-truths and the half-heartedness. We can only love God with our whole heart and strength; we can follow Jesus only with undivided dedication – otherwise we are not following him at all. Arnold shows us further that discipleship and community life belong together: they cannot be separated. It is from community life that we draw the strength for discipleship and courage to face the inevitable opposition. In discipleship we find our brothers and sisters of the communal life. The Bruderhof community proves that. I ask myself what the state churches, still trying to lead a Christian life, can learn from such consistently Christian communities. First of all we have to lay down our old prejudices and heretic-hunting. The closely related Mennonite and Hutterite groups have never – neither in the past nor today – been fanatic enthusiasts or narrow sectarians, but genuine Christian communities. True, their existence represents a criticism of the life of Christians in the established churches. The answer will be to begin learning from them. So I have been asking myself, how can the established institutional church become a living, communal church? How can our church parishes become communities of faith and of life? I believe that this is the way into the future, and I see more and more people going in that direction. We are not looking for the self-righteous Christian sect that despises the world, but for the open church of the coming kingdom of God. This church is open and welcomes everyone, like the Bruderhof does. It is open to the poor, the handicapped, and the rejected, who find a refuge and new hope there because they find Jesus. Arnold places much emphasis on the realism of Christian hope: Christians do not hope for salvation for their souls in the hereafter, but pray, as Jesus bids us: “Thy kingdom come!” Arnold has often called this coming kingdom “God’s future state.” Like the New Testament, he speaks of “the heavenly city” and “the heavenly politeuma.” He speaks of the kingdom that is to come to earth in political terms. That is very important to me: if I pray for the advent of this kingdom, I cannot abandon the earth to wars and ecological destruction and to those who hope for security by threatening such disasters. If I pray for the coming of God’s kingdom, I cannot stand by while the environment and my fellow creatures are being annihilated through the progress of civilization and nuclear power stations. Praying for the coming of God’s kingdom calls for a decisive resistance to the destruction of the earth. In his hope Arnold was as earthly, physical, and holistic as Christoph Blumhardt was. Arnold once called the Bruderhof “a seed of God’s kingdom.” During the Nazi years this seed “died” like the buried grain of seed the apostles speak of. But it has also borne – and is bearing – rich fruits, not the least of which is hope. The Bruderhofs, like all faith- based communities and fellowships, are lights of hope in an age that sometimes looks very dark. May they no longer remain “hidden under a bushel,” but be heeded more and more by the rest of us. Jürgen Moltmann Tübingen, Germany