FOR JENNY Published in association with S4C (Wales) First published as a Yale Nota Bene Book in 2002 Copyright © Eamon Duffy 1997 New material © Eamon Duffy 2006, 2014 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact U. S. office: [email protected] Europe office: [email protected] ISBN-13: 978-0-300-11597-0 Library of Congress Catalog card number for the cloth edition 97-60897 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Printed in Great Britain 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface to the Second Edition Preface 1 ‘UPON THIS ROCK’ C. AD 33–461 I From Jerusalem to Rome II The Bishops of Rome III The Age of Constantine IV The Birth of Papal Rome 2 BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES 461–1000 I Under Gothic Kings II The Age of Gregory the Great III The Byzantine Captivity of the Papacy IV Empires of the West 3 SET ABOVE NATIONS 1000–1447 I The Era of Papal Reform II From Papal Reform to Papal Monarchy III The Pinnacle of Papal Power IV Exile and Schism 4 PROTEST AND DIVISION 1477–1774 I The Renaissance Popes II The Crisis of Christendom III The Counter-Reformation IV The Popes in an Age of Absolutism 5 THE POPE AND THE PEOPLE 1774–1903 I The Church and the Revolution II From Recovery to Reaction III Pio Nono: The Triumph of Ultramontanism IV Ultramontanism with a Liberal Face: The Reign of Leo XIII 6 THE ORACLES OF GOD 1903–2005 I The Age of Intransigence II The Attack on Modernism III The Age of the Dictators IV The Age of Vatican II