Duffy Text 4/13/06 12:08 PM Page i Duffy Text 4/13/06 12:08 PM Page ii Duffy Text 4/13/06 12:08 PM Page iii 00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd:00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd 10/6/14 14:05 Page iv F J OR ENNY Published in association with S4C (Wales) First published as a Yale Nota Bene Book in 2002 Copyright © Eamon Duffy 1997 New material © Eamon Duffy 2006, 2014 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107and 108of the U. S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact U. S. office: [email protected] Europe office: [email protected] isbn-13: 978-0-300-11597-0 Library of Congress Catalog card number for the cloth edition 97-60897 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Printed in Great Britain 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd:00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd 17/6/14 11:04 Page v CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Preface to the Second Edition ix Preface xi 1 ‘UPONTHISROCK’ c. AD33–461 I From Jerusalem to Rome 1 II The Bishops of Rome 13 III The Age of Constantine 23 IV The Birth of Papal Rome 37 2 BETWEENTWOEMPIRES 461–1000 I Under Gothic Kings 48 II The Age of Gregory the Great 59 III The Byzantine Captivity of the Papacy 72 IV Empires of the West 86 3 SETABOVENATIONS 1000–1447 I The Era of Papal Reform 110 II From Papal Reform to Papal Monarchy 128 III The Pinnacle of Papal Power 138 IV Exile and Schism 151 4 PROTESTANDDIVISION 1477–1774 I The Renaissance Popes 177 II The Crisis of Christendom 196 III The Counter-Reformation 208 IV The Popes in an Age of Absolutism 230 00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd:00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd 17/6/14 11:44 Page vi vi Saints & Sinners 5 THEPOPEANDTHEPEOPLE 1774–1903 I The Church and the Revolution 247 II From Recovery to Reaction 260 III Pio Nono: The Triumph of Ultramontanism 286 IV Ultramontanism with a Liberal Face: The Reign of Leo XIII 305 6 THEORACLESOFGOD 1903–2005 I The Age of Intransigence 319 II The Attack on Modernism 325 III The Age of the Dictators 332 IV The Age of Vatican II 354 V Papa Wojtyla 369 VI The Professor 386 VII Crisis and Resignation 406 VIII A Pope for the Poor 414 Appendix A: Chronological List of Popes and Antipopes 433 Appendix B: Glossary 442 Appendix C: How a New Pope Is Made 451 Notes 457 Bibliographical Essay 466 Index 495 Duffy Text 4/13/06 12:08 PM Page vii Duffy Text 4/13/06 12:08 PM Page viii 00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd:00DuffyreprintMisc.qxd 17/6/14 11:04 Page ix PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION For this new edition of Saints and Sinners,I have taken the oppor- tunity to correct a (thankfully small) number of errors, to expand and revise parts of all but the first two chapters, and to update the Bibliographical Essay. The account of the papacy of John Paul II has been extensively rewritten and augmented, and vigilant read- ers will detect the modifi ca tion of some earlier judgements. I have also added a brief appendix explaining the procedures for the elec- tion of a new Pope set in place by Pope John Paul II in 1996. The process of revision has greatly benefited from the insights and crit- icisms of the reviewers of the first edition: I would like to express my particular thanks to Patrick Collinson, T.F.X. Noble and Simon Ditchfield. The illustrations to the first edition elicited much favourable comment, and though it is flattering to the author of a lavishly illustrated book when his publishers reckon his text worth reproducing in its own right, there is inevitably some loss. This edition is less sumptuous than the first, but I hope that the large number of picturesand captions we have retained will continue to extend and deepen the narrative in the text, rather than simply decorate it. I am greatly indebted to Sally Salvesen and to Ruth Applin who designed the new edition. Finally, I renew the heart- felt dedication of this book to my wife Jenny. Eamon Duffy Feast of St Mary Magdalene 2001