FIRST ANCHOR BOOKS EDITION, JULY 2004 Copyright © 2003 by Thomas Cahill All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Anchor Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Originally published in hardcover in the United States by Nan A. Talese, an imprint of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, in 2003. Anchor Books and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. THE HINGES OF HISTORY® is a registered trademark belonging to Thomas Cahill. This page constitute an extension of this copyright page. Endpaper: “Symposium,” Tomba del Tuffatore, lastra nord, 480 B.C., Paestum, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, © foto pedicini The Library of Congress has cataloged the Nan A. Talese/Doubleday edition as follows: Cahill, Thomas. Sailing the wine-dark sea : why the Greeks matter / Thomas Cahill.—1st ed. p. cm.—(Hinges of history ; v. 4) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Greece—Civilization—To 146 B.C. 2. Civilization, Western—Greek influences. I. Title. DF77.C28 2003 909’.09821—dc21 2003050725 eISBN: 978-0-30775512-4 Book design by Marysarah Quinn Map art by Jackie Aher www.anchorbooks.com v3.1 “Symposium,” Tomba del Tuffatore, lastra nord, 480 B.C. “Symposium,” Tomba del Tuffatore, lastra nord, 480 B.C. To MADELEINE L’ENGLE and LEAH & DESMOND TUTU and in memory of PAULINE KAEL mentors and models of life and art The heart within me never changes toward you so beautiful One can achieve his fill of all good things, even of sleep, even of making love … —HOMER Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing, But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make Of hammered gold and gold enamelling To keep a drowsy Emperor awake; Or set upon a golden bough to sing To lords and ladies of Byzantium Of what is past, or passing, or to come. —WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS CONTENTS Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph INTRODUCTION The Way They Came I: THE WARRIOR How to Fight II: THE WANDERER How to Feel III: THE POET How to Party IV: THE POLITICIAN AND THE PLAYWRIGHT How to Rule V: THE PHILOSOPHER How to Think VI: THE ARTIST How to See VII: THE WAY THEY WENT Greco-Roman Meets Judeo-Christian The Greek Alphabet Pronouncing Glossary Notes and Sources Chronology Acknowledgments Photo Credits Index Illustrations About the Author Acclaim for Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea The Hinges of History Other Books by This Author INTRODUCTION THE WAY THEY CAME