;kfjse feoBK^2 d;thA iwks bJh ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB gqhs ftjko, fd~bh^110092 Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] SAHITAK KIRNA-2 (For Class X) gfjbh tko ^ 2016 w[Zb L $^ o[gJ/ XzBtkd n;hA Tj[ BK ;ko / by/ eK d / fdbA' XBz tkdh jK fiBKQ B / nkgDhnK ouBktK fJ; g;[ se ftuZ Pkwb eoB bJh nkfrnk fdsZ h. © ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092 gqekPe ;?eo/Noh, ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092 This book or part there of may not be reproduced by any person of agency in any manner. Printed at : Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] w[~y Ppd gkm^g[;se ‘;kfjse feoBK^2’ d;thA iwks d/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh fsnko eotkJh rJh g[;se j?. ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB d/ T[~dw Bkb gqekfPs fJ; g[;se dk we;d ftfdnkoEhnK dh ;kfjs gqsh o[uh eoBk ns/ T[BQK d/ frnkB ftu tkXk eoBk j?. fJ; we;d Bkb jh fJ; g[;se ftu eftsk s/ b/y Pkwb ehs/ rJ/ jB. g[oksB ;w/A d/ Bkb ftPtheoB d/ :[r ftu j' oj/ gfotosB d/ wZd/BIo gqshfBX ouBktK ftfdnkoEhnK ftu Bt/A ozr GoBrhnK. eftsk tkb/ Gkr ftu r[owfs, ;{|h ns/ ni'eh eftsk Bkb o{^p^o{ eotkfJnk frnk j?. fJj eftsktK ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ nfXnksw, gqfeosh, wK^p'bh, Go{D^jZfsnk ns/ ;dGktBk gqsh ikro{e eoB d/ ;woZE j?. g[;se ftu ;kfjs dh d{ih tzBrh b/y j?. fJj b/y th nfs^nkX[fBe tosko/ Bkb ftfdnkoEhnK dh ;KM g[nkT[D d/ ;woZE jB. jk;^ ftnzr, uzrhnK^p[ohnK nkdsK, jT[w? s'A S[Nekok jk;b eoB, ;|oh ftnkfynkB, fto;k s/ ezfgT{No nkfd fJ; tkose ftu'A wjZstg{oB ftP/ pD e/ T[God/ jB. w?ƒ fJ; rZb dk wkB j? fe fJ; nekdfwe ezw ƒ f;o/ uVQkT[D bJh ftdtkBK B/ pj[s fwjBs ehsh j?. ;zgkdeh wzvb B/ w[ZbtkB ;kfjse ouBktK fJeZmhnK eoe/ ns/ nkg fby e/ g[;se ƒ gVQB:'r pDkT[D dh g[oI'o e'fPP ehsh j?. fJ; bJh w/o/ tb'A T[BQK ;ko/ ftdtkBK dk XzBtkd. ps"o u/now?B w/ok nf;;N?AN vkfJo?eNo ;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd gqsh th nkGko gqrN eoBk pDdk j?, fiBQK B/ nkgD/ f;os'V isBK okjhA fJ; g[;se dh fsnkoh d"okB fBrokBh ehsh. p[ZXhihthnK s/ nfXekohnK d/ ;KM/ isBK ;dek fsnko j'Jh fJ; g[;se ƒ s[jkv/ ;g[od eofdnK w?ƒ p/jZd y[Ph j' ojh j?. w?ƒ nk; j? fe ftfdnkoEh fJ; g[;se s'A ;/X b?Dr/. ;[Xko dh r[zikfJP jw/PK ofjzdh j?. fJ; bJh p'ov ƒ s[jkv/ ;[MktK dh T[vhe oj/rh. tkJhH n?;H e/H P/P{ e[wko (u/now?B) Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] ;kfjse feoBK^2 ;hHphHn?Z;HJhH ;bkjeko ew/Nh L tkJhHn?;He/H P/P{ e[wko u/now?B, ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh ;zgkdeh wzvb L vkH fgqEth oki Ekgo — nf;;N?AN gq'c?;o, fdnkb f;zx (JhH) ekbi, b'Xh o'v, BthA fdZbh gqekP f;zx fr~b — ghHihHNhH, r[o{ jfofeqPB gpfbe ;e{b, b'Bh o'v, Pkjdok, fdZbh vkH df/tdz o phphgo[ hnk — ghHihHNhH, (b?euoko), gzikph, r"ofwzN jkJh ;e{b, ;[ZX g[o, e[oeP/so, jfonkDk ;sftzdo e"o — NhHihHNhH, r[o{ nwodk; gpfbe ;e{b, pbke^20, fsbe Bro, BthA fdZbh s/fizdo e"o — NhHihHNhH, ;ot'fdnk ezfBnk ftfdnkbk, joh Bro nkPow, BthA fdZbh yoVk ohftT{eko L vkH eoKshgkb — n?;';hJ/N gq'c?;o, nbhrVQ w[;fbw :{Bhtof;Nh,nbhrVQ, :{HghH vkH jogkb G~Nh — n;? ;' hJN/ gc'q ;? o, JH/n;? H ekbi, g;' N ri/q J{ N/ ftGkr nkc giz kph, yBz k, fIbkQ bf[XnkDk, giz kp vkH jogqhs f;zx — NhHihHNhH, r"ofwzN p[nkfJI ;hH;?H ;e{b, Bkozr ekb"bh, sqh Bro, fdZbh i;pho f;zx — NhHihHNhH, n?;H;hHn?;HvhH r"ofwzN e'^n?i[e/PB ;ot'fdnk ftfdnkbk, ;?e^9, o'fjDh, fdZbh gqki?eN^n|;o L ;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd — i[nkfJzN vkfJo?eNo (GkPktK), ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] HHHHHkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjrrrrr dddddkkkkk lllllaaaaafffffooooo/////kkkkkkkkkkuuuuu mmmmmííííísssssfffff'''''kkkkkdddddkkkkk ge Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d 1 ¼lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT;½ cukus ds fy,] rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks % lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;] fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk] izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djus ds fy,] rFkk mu lc esa O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj 2 ¼jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk½ lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/kqrk c<+kus ds fy, n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZ0 dks ,rn~}kjk bl lafo/kku dks vaxhd`r] vf/kfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA 1- lafo/kku ¼C;kyhloka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ¼3-1-1977 ls½ ^^izHkqRo&laiUu yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT;** ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA 2- lafo/kku ¼C;kyhloka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ¼3-1-1977 ls½ ^^jk"Vª dh ,drk** ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA HHHHHkkkkkkkkkkxxxxx 44444 ddddd eeeeewwwwwyyyyy dddddÙÙÙÙÙkkkkkZZZZZOOOOO;;;;; 5555511111 ddddd----- eeeeewwwyywwyyy dddddÙÙÙÙÙkkkkkZZZOOZZOOO;;;;;&&&&&&&&&&HHHHHkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjrrrrr dddddsss ss iiiiizzzRRzzRRR;;;;;sssddssddd uuuuukkkkkxxxxxfffffjjjjjddddd dddddkkkkk ;;;;;ggggg dddddÙÙÙÙÙkkkkkZZZOOZZOOO;;;;; gggggkkkkksssxxssxxxkkkkk fffffddddd oooooggggg&&&&&&&&&& ¼d½ lafo/kku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds vkn'kksZa] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vª /ot vkSj jk"Vª xku dk vknj djs] ¼[k½ Lora=krk ds fy, gekjs jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPPk vkn'kksZa dks ân; esa latks, j[ksa vkSj mudk ikyu djsa] ¼x½ Hkkjr dh izHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djsa vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ksa] ¼?k½ ns'k dh j{kk djsa vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"Vª dh lsok djsa] ¼M½ Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks /keZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZ ij vk/kkfjr lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh izFkkvksa dk R;kx djs tks fL=k;ksa ds lEeku ds fo:) gSa] ¼p½ gekjh lkekfld laLd`fr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egRo le>s vkSj mldk ijh{k.k djs( ¼N½ izkd`frd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; thou gSa] j{kk djsa vkSj mldk lao/kZu djsa rFkk izk.kh ek=k ds izfr n;k Hkko j[ksa ¼t½ oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn] vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa] ¼>½ lkoZtfud laifÙk dks lqjf{kr j[ksa vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgsa] ¼×½ O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa ls lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr~ iz;kl djsa ftlls jk"Vª fujarj c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/k dh ubZ ÅpkbZ;ksa dks Nw ys( ¼V½ ;fn ekrk&firk ;k lja{kd gS] Ng o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q okys vius] ;FkkfLFkfr] ckyd ;k izfrikY; ds fy;s f'k{kk ds volj iznku djsA 1- lafo/kku ¼N;klhoka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 2002 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk ¼12-12-2002½ ls var% LFkkfirA Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PREAMBLE WE, THE POEPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a1 (SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC) and to secure to all its citizenes : JUSTICE, social economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, experssion, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 [unity and integrity of the Nation]; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixty day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. 1. Subs by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic (w.e.f. 3.1.1977) 2. Subs by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation (w.e.f. 3.1.1977) THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Chapter IVA Fundamental Duties ARTICLE 51A Fundamental Duties—It shall be the duty of every citizen of India— (a) to abide the Consititution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem ; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom ; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women ; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to have compassion for living creature ; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all shperes of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levles of endeavour and achievement. 1(k) Who is a parent or gaurdian to provide apportunities for aducation to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between age of six and forteen years. 1. Ins. by the constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act. 2002 A.4 (w.e.f. 12.12.2002) Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] sseok w[~y Ppd tkJhHn?;He/H P/P{ e[wko 5 1H rT[Vh p?okrfD wL ó 9 r[o{ nwodk; ih 2H fwiwkBh 12 Pkj j[;?B 3H o[~yK pkM'A Xosh HHH 16 i;tzs f;zx ;/ytK 4H r[zw B/ o;'Jh ftu'A HHH 21 ePwho Bho 5H r[o{^T[gd/P 24 gtB jouzdg[oh 6H wkD gzikph dk 29 e[btzs f;zx o|he 7H wK i' J/Xo th s/ T[Xo th (BIw) 33 vkH ;[odoPB rk;' 8H e[~y dh nktkI 38 vkH d/ftzdo phphg[ohnk Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] 9H Bzpo tB dh o/; 41 e/Hn?bH ror 10H nkdsK 46 okfizdo f;zx 11H j?AeV ns/ jT[w? dh wko 54 vkH jofPzdo e"o 12H g~S'A dhnK g?D eDhnK 62 gqhsw o{gkb 13H gkDhnK s/ XoshnK dk d/P 69 fBzdo x[frnkDth 14H ezfgT{No ;k|Nt/noK dh tos'A 75 vkH ;hHghH ezp'i 15H gzikp d/ b'erhs 81 s/fizdo e"o 16H ebkswe o[uhnK L gqfeosh ns/ gfjukD 87 vkH d/ftzdo ;?|h Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] rT[Vh p?okrfD w L ó wBw[fy rofp B gkfJU nfrnkB fJnkD/] ;fsr[o ;/tk Bk eofj fcfo fcfo gS[skD/] roG i'Bh tk;[ gkfJd/ roG/ rfb ikD/] w/o/ eos/ J/t? Gktdk wBw[y GowkD/]ó] w/o/ jfo gqfG b/y[ fbykfJnk X[fo w;sfe g{ok] jfo jfo Bkw[ fXnkfJnk G/fNnk r[o[ ;{ok] n"y/ PpdK d/ noE w/ok fgsk wksk jfo Bkw[ j? jfo pzXg[ phok] wBw[fy LwB d/ fgZS/ jfo jfo pyf; fwbkfJ gqG iB[ BkBe[ ehok]ô]ó]ñ÷]ó÷] s[oB tkbk r[o{ nwodk; ih fJnkD/ L;yD/ gS[skD/ LgSsktk eoBk fN~gDh roG i'Bh Lpko^pko iBw^woB d/ fJj Ppd r[o{ nwodk; ih dh ouBk j?. rT[Vh p?okrfD okr ftu doi r/V ftu$iBw fJ; Ppd ftu r[o{ ;kfjp c[owkT[Ad/ jB fe wBw[y nkgD/ jzeko eoe/ nfrnkBh b?Dk jB. T[j ;fsr[o dh ;/tk BjhA eod/ s/ fco gSskT[Ad/ jB. wBw[y GNed/ ofjD eos/ Lgowkswk w/o/ ;fsr[o ƒ fJjh GkT[Adk j?. w/o/ ;fsr[o B/ X[o'A jh w/o/ w;se T[~s/ jfo GowkD/ LGNed/ ofjDk Bkw dh dks fby fdZsh ;h. T[; dh fwjo Bkb jh w?A T[; dk BK fXnkfJnk b/y Leow j?. T[j jfo jh w/o/ bJh ;G e[M j?. gqG{ Gkt r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ƒ p/Bsh ehsh X[fo LX[o dorkj rJh j? fe T[j nkgDh p\fPP eoe/ nkgD/ ftu fwbk b?D. G/fNnk LfwbDk pzXg[ LfoPs/dko, nfGnk; Gok 1H d~;' yK Gbk L pyf; LpyfPP (i) wBw[fy s'A eh Gkt j? < BkBe ehokLj/ gqG{ ` fJj (ii) wB[Zy ƒ feT[A gSskT[Dk g?Adk j? < BkBe rohp ƒ nkgD/ (iii) ‘roG i'Bh’ fe; gqshe bJh tofsnk frnk j? < uoBK Bkb (iv) fe; B/ b/y fbykJ/ jB < i'Vh oZy 99 Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] (v) gqG{ d/ Bkw dh fejV/ ;wkie foPfsnK Bkb s[bBk ehsh rJh j?< (vi) fJ; Ppd d/ ouBjko e"D jB < fJj Ppd fejV/ okr ftu j?< (vii) joh dh pyfPP Bkb eh fwbdk j? < Ppd ƒ nkXko pDk e/ d;'. 2H j/m fbyhnK s[eK gVQ e/ g[~S/ rJ/ gqPBK d/ T[Zso fdT[ L wBw[fy rofp B gkfJU nfrnkB fJnkD/] ;fsr[o ;/tk Bk eofj fcfo fcfo gS[skD/] (i) T[go'es s[eK d/ ouBjko e"D jB < (ii) ‘rofp’ s'A eh Gkt j? < (iii) fJBQK s[eK dk e/Adoh Gkt fby'. 3H j/m fd~shnK s[eK dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk eo' L w/o/ jfo gqfG b/y[ fbykfJnk X[fo w;sfe g{ok] jfo jfo Bkw[ fXnkfJnk G/fNnk r[o[ ;{ok] nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/ TH gkm s'A n~r/ (i) r[ow[fy ns/ wBw[fy fezBK ƒ fejk iKdk j? < (ii) oZp d/ nk;o/ fpBK wB[Zy nfrnkB ftu j? < fJ; nkP/ ƒ nkgD/ fBih nB[Gt iK gfotko Bkb uouk eoe/ nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'. (iii) r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftu 6 f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkBK dh pkDh s'A fJbktk j'o fezBK^fezBK dh pkDh doi j? < (iv) ‘jzekfonk ;' wkfonk’ ftuko ƒ fe;/ j'o eth, ;zs, b/ye dh ouBk ftu bZG' s/ esoB ekgh ftu fugekU iK fby'. ✔ ✖ nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ ( ) T[Zs/ }bs ( ) dk fBPkB pDkU L (i) nfrnkBh wB[Zy f;nkDk j[zdk j?. (ii) jez koh wByZ[ pko^pko ihtB^woB d / rV/ ftu GNed / jB. (iii) gqwkswk jh wB[Zy d/ b/y fbydk j?. (iv) jfo jh ;kvk n;b ;zpzXh j?. 1100 Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected]