El-Miloudi El-Koursi T he Coordination Action SELCAT Louahdi Khoudour (Safer European Level Stefano Impastato Crossing Appraisal and Gabriele Malavasi Technology), in response to the call Stefano Ricci of FP6 in the area of “Sustainable Surface Transport Coordination Editors Actions” in the objective “Increasing SAFER EUROPEAN road, rail and waterborne safety and Y avoiding traffic congestion”, aims to G LEVEL CROSSING APPRAISAL O L contribute actively to the reduction of O N AND TECHNOLOGY level crossing accidents. H C These procedings contain the work E T undertaken under the second SELCAT D N workshop called “Technology”. The A L workshop was held at Marrakesh A S (Morrocco) on 16nd- 23rdNovember 2007. AI R P P A G N I S S O R C L E V E L N A E P O R U E R E Actes n° 120 F Second Workshop A Juin 2009 S “Technology” El-Miloudi El-Koursi (INRETS-ESTAS) Prix : 15,24 € November 22nd-23rd 2007 Louahdi Khoudour (INRETS-LEOST) Stefano Impastato, °°11 22 00 Marrakesh (Morrocco) NN Gabriele Malavasi, SS 0 TT 2 EE Stefano Ricci 1 RR ° NN (SAPIENZA-University of Rome) n II S ss T ee E tt R cc AA N I s ISSN 0769-0266 e ct LL EE SS CC OO LL LL EE CC TT II OO NN SS DD EE LL ’’ II NN RR EE TT SS ISBN 978-2-85782-669-9 A Conformément à la note du 04/07/2014 de la direction générale de l'Ifsttar précisant la politique de diffusion des ouvrages parus dans les collections éditées par l'Institut, la reproduction de cet ouvrage est autorisée selon les termes de la licence CC BY-NC-ND. Cette licence autorise la redistribution non commerciale de copies identiques à l’original. Dans ce cadre, cet ouvrage peut être copié, distribué et communiqué par tous moyens et sous tous formats. 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Le service Politique éditoriale scientifique et technique de l'Ifsttar diffuse différentes collections qui sont le reflet des recherches menées par l'institut : (cid:127) Les collections de l'INRETS, Actes (cid:127) Les collections de l'INRETS, Outils et Méthodes (cid:127) Les collections de l'INRETS, Recherches (cid:127) Les collections de l'INRETS, Synthèses (cid:127) Les collections du LCPC, Actes (cid:127) Les collections du LCPC, Etudes et recherches des laboratoires des ponts et chaussées (cid:127) Les collections du LCPC, Rapport de recherche des laboratoires des ponts et chaussées (cid:127) Les collections du LCPC, Techniques et méthodes des laboratoires des ponts et chaussées, Guide technique (cid:127) Les collections du LCPC, Techniques et méthodes des laboratoires des ponts et chaussées, Méthode d'essai www.ifsttar.fr Institut Français des Sciences et Techniques des Réseaux, de l'Aménagement et des Transports 14-20 Boulevard Newton, Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne F-77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2 Contact : [email protected] El-Miloudi El-Koursi Louahdi Khoudour Stefano Impastato Gabriele Malavasi Stefano Ricci Editors Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology Second Workshop “Technology” nd rd 22 - 23 November 2007 Marrakesh (Morrocco) Actes INRETS N° 120 Juin 2009 Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology The scientific coordination El-Miloudi El-Koursi, Senior Researches – INRETS / ESTAS Louahdi Khoudour, Researches – INRETS / LEOST Stefano Impastato, Temporary Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome Gabriele Malavasi, Full Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome Stefano Ricci, Associate Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome The research departments ESTAS: Evaluation and Safety of Automated Transport Systems LEOST: Electronic, Waves and Signal Processing Research Laboratory for Transport BP 317 - 20, rue Élisée Reclus - 59666 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex - FRANCE Phone: +33 (0)3 20 43 83 40 - Fax: +33 (0)3 20 43 83 59 SAPIENZA: Dipartimento Idraulica, Transporti e Strade, Universita di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma - ITALIA The list of authors E. Schnieder, R. Slovák, W. Olpinski, S. Fletcher, S. Impastato, A. Baldassarra, H. Hantak, S. Capparella, L. Tordai, A. Pira, K. Sato, S. Hiraguri, C. Roberts, R. Lewis, A. Cherkaoui, A. Berrado, M. Pelz, W. Schäfer, M. Poutanen, S. Wegele, L. Khoudour, S. Ambellouis, A. Flancquart, M. Pelz, C. Eickmann, M. Meyer zu Hörste, C. Machy, X. Desurmont, J.F. Delaigle, R. Öörni, S. Collart Dutilleul, M. Heddebaut, H. Manz, N. Klassen, M. Ghazel, EM El-Koursi, P. Feltz, J.Y. Dareaud, A.Janota, J. Zahradnik, K. Rastocny, X. Kang, L. Wang, X. Dai, J. Liu, C. Porta. Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur sécurité – INRETS Direction scientifique / politique éditoriale 25, avenue François Mitterrand, Case 24, F-69675 Bron cedex, France Tél. : +33 4 72 14 23 00 – Fax : +33 4 72 37 68 37 – www.inrets.fr © Les collections de l’INRETS N ° ISBN 978-2-85782-669-9 – N° ISSN 0769-0266 En application du code de la propriété intellectuelle, l’INRETS interdit toute reproduction intégrale ou partielle du présent ouvrage par quelque procédé que ce soit, sous réserve des exceptions légales Actes INRETS n° 120 2 Fiche bibliographique UR (1er auteur) Projet n° Actes INRETS ESTAS N° 120 Titre Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology Sous-titre Langue Second Workshop “Technology” 22 – 23 Novembre 2007 Anglais Marrakech (Maroc) Auteur(s) Rattachement ext. El-Miloudi EL-KOURSI, Louahdi KHOUDOUR Nom adresse financeur, co-éditeur N° contrat, conv. Date de publication Juin 2009 Remarques Résumé Ce deuxième workshop SELCAT “Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology” organisé à Marrakech a réuni plus de 70 participants. Le but de ce workshop était de dresser l’état de l’art de la technologie utilisée pour la sécurité des passages à niveau. Des réalisations techniques à travers l’Europe, l’Asie et Afrique ont été présentés. Mots clés Sécurité, ferroviaire, passages à niveau, technologie Nb de pages Prix Bibliographie 212 15,24 euros oui Actes INRETS n° 120 3 Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology Publication data form UR (1st author) Projet n° INRETS proceedings ESTAS N° 120 Title Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology Subtitle Language Second Workshop “Technology” 22nd - 23rd English November 2007 Marrakesh (Morrocco) Author(s) Affiliation El-Miloudi EL-KOURSI, Louahdi KHOUDOUR Sponsor, co-editor, name and address Contract, conv. N° Publication date June 2009 Notes Summary This book gathers the contributations from SELCAT “Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology“ partners dedicated to level crossings technology. It represents the main papers presented during the second SELCAT workshop organised on 22nd - 23rd November 2007. Key Words Safety, level crossing, railway appraisal Nb of pages Price Bibliography 212 15,24 euros yes Actes INRETS n° 120 4 Table of content Acknowledgments...............................................................................11 Preface..................................................................................................13 Introduction and SELCAT expectations and LC Appraisal..............15 ERA view on SELCAT and recent LC activities................................17 1. Introduction................................................................................................17 2. Project context...........................................................................................17 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................17 4. Obtained Results........................................................................................18 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................18 SELCAT Objectives and Expectations...............................................19 1. Motivation...................................................................................................19 2. Scientific and technical objectives of the SELCAT coordination action.....20 3. Specific objectives of SELCAT..................................................................21 4. Consortium.................................................................................................22 5. Work plan of SELCAT................................................................................23 6. Expectations...............................................................................................24 7. Conclusion.................................................................................................25 8. References.................................................................................................26 Safety performance monitoring in European and national LC research................................................................................................27 1. Introduction................................................................................................27 2. Project context...........................................................................................27 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................27 4. Obtained Results........................................................................................28 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................28 European and world wide LC operational risk overview .................29 1. Introduction................................................................................................29 2. Project context...........................................................................................29 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................29 4. Obtained Results........................................................................................29 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................29 Overview on legislative Background of Level Crossings................31 1. Introduction................................................................................................31 2. Existing legislation on the international level.............................................32 3. Legislative Comparison on the national level............................................33 4. Comparison of the guidelines for installing LC warning systems..............33 5. Relevant speeds, times and rates for LC’s defined by the law:.................34 6. Responsibilities for level crossing accidents..............................................36 7. Conclusions................................................................................................39 8. References.................................................................................................39 Actes INRETS n° 120 5 Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology A Level Crossing Strategy for Europe. A Proposal..................................41 1. Introduction................................................................................................41 2. The Idea.....................................................................................................41 3. Role............................................................................................................42 4. Core Elements of the proposed strategy...................................................42 5. Benefits......................................................................................................43 LC Technology....................................................................................45 LC technology in European and national LC research....................47 1. Introduction................................................................................................47 2. Collecting information................................................................................48 3. Results of surveys......................................................................................49 4. Conclusions...............................................................................................58 Level crossing technologies in Japan..............................................59 1. Introduction................................................................................................59 2. Project context...........................................................................................59 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................59 4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................60 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................60 Level Crossing Technologies and Development.............................61 1. Introduction................................................................................................61 2. Project context...........................................................................................61 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................61 4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................62 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................62 Promoting Human Awareness in New Technological Solutions for Improving Level Crossings Safety...............................................63 1. Introduction................................................................................................63 2. Situation Awareness at level crossings.....................................................65 3. Important design aspects of new technologies that promote SA..............67 4. Design aspects that may hinder situation awareness...............................70 5. Gaps between information exchanged between different LX actors and Situation Awareness and recommendations to bridge the gap..............71 6. Important human factors oriented design principles..................................76 7. Human factors affecting compliance of road users to warning signs around level crossings...................................................................................77 8. Conclusion.................................................................................................79 9. References:................................................................................................80 Data communications and transmission of information in level crossing applications.........................................................................81 1. Introduction................................................................................................81 2. Project context...........................................................................................81 3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................81 4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................82 5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................82 Actes INRETS n° 120 6 Table of content LC Methodology...................................................................................83 Level Crossing Accidents Statistics Normalisation and Comparison...................................................................................85 1. Introduction................................................................................................85 2. International comparison of safety performance........................................85 3. Level crossing risk data analysis...............................................................90 4. Conclusions..............................................................................................101 5. References...............................................................................................102 Level Crossing Test Methodology...................................................103 1. Introduction..............................................................................................103 2. Project context.........................................................................................103 3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................103 4. Obtained Results......................................................................................103 5. Application potential, Future work............................................................103 LC research technology....................................................................105 Obstacle detection in front of automatic trains in guided transport.............................................................................................105 1. Introduction..............................................................................................107 2. Objectives of the project..........................................................................108 3. Obstacle detection...................................................................................109 4. Conclusion...............................................................................................118 5. Bibliography.............................................................................................118 Use of integrated laser scanner detection system in LC safety....121 1. Introduction..............................................................................................121 2. Use of ERTMS in LC safety.....................................................................122 3. Obstacle detection with 3D scanning laser system.................................126 4. Obtained results.......................................................................................131 5. Reference.................................................................................................132 Generic Operational Requirements for Videobased Applications at Level Crossings.............................................................................133 1. Introduction..............................................................................................133 2. Today’s Systems......................................................................................135 3. Level Crossing Design.............................................................................137 4. Conclusion...............................................................................................145 5. References...............................................................................................146 Introduction of CCTV at Level Crossings With automatic detection of potentially Dangerous situations................................147 1. Introduction..............................................................................................147 2. Introduction of CCTV at level crossing.....................................................148 3. Automatic detection of stopped vehicles on the Level Crossing.............150 4. Results.....................................................................................................153 5. Conclusion...............................................................................................159 6. References...............................................................................................159 Actes INRETS n° 120 7 Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology Use of fixed and wireless communication technologies in level crossing applications.......................................................................161 1. Introduction..............................................................................................161 2. Project context.........................................................................................161 3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................162 4. Obtained Results.....................................................................................162 5. Application potential, Future work............................................................162 LC existing projects..........................................................................163 Public campaigns to support technological devices at level crossings...........................................................................................165 1. Introduction..............................................................................................165 2. Technical Regulations.............................................................................165 3. Inspections at level crossings..................................................................167 4. Technical Programs.................................................................................168 5. Educational Safety Campaigns................................................................169 6. Conclusion...............................................................................................171 7. Bibliography.............................................................................................172 An “economic” new system for the automatic protection of level crossings..............................................................................173 Abstract........................................................................................................173 1. Introduction and context..........................................................................173 2. Functional Requirements.........................................................................174 3. Global Architecture..................................................................................176 4. Conclusion...............................................................................................179 5. Acknowledgement....................................................................................179 Assurance of Road Traffic Safety at Level Crossings of ZSR Under Failure of LC System.............................................................181 1. Specificities of ensuring traffic safety at LCs of the ZSR.........................181 2. Results of statistic evaluation of accident events at LCs of ZSR............183 3. Checking states of automatic LC systems at the ZSR through railway signals..........................................................................................................186 4. Conclusion...............................................................................................188 5. Bibliographie............................................................................................190 Level crossing projects in Japan.....................................................191 1. Introduction..............................................................................................191 2. Project context.........................................................................................191 3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................191 4. Obtained Results.....................................................................................192 5. Application potential, Future work............................................................192 Research on Scheme of Integrative Monitoring System for Level Crossing in China..............................................................................193 1. Introduction..............................................................................................193 2. Safety situation and its impact factors at LCs in China...........................194 3. Analysis on requirements of Integrative Monitoring System for LC in China........................................................................................................197 4. The composition and function analysis....................................................201 5. Establishment of LC Information Management System..........................204 Actes INRETS n° 120 8