Rutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Rutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Sixth Edition EditedBy Anita Thapar and Daniel S. Pine ProfessorofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry,Childand Chief,SectiononDevelopmentandAffectiveNeuroscience, AdolescentPsychiatrySection,InstituteofPsychological NationalInstituteofMentalHealthIntramuralResearch MedicineandClinicalNeurosciences,CardiffUniversity Program,Bethesda,MD,USA SchoolofMedicine,Cardiff,UK James F. Leckman NeisonHarrisProfessor,ChildStudyCenterandtheDepartmentsofPsychiatry,PediatricsandPsychology,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,CT,USA Stephen Scott ProfessorofChildHealthandBehavior,InstituteofPsychiatry,PsychologyandNeuroscience,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK; Head,NationalConductProblemsandNationalAdoptionandFosteringServices,MaudsleyHospital,London,UK Margaret J. Snowling President,St.John’sCollegeandProfessorofPsychology,DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK Eric Taylor EmeritusProfessorofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry,DepartmentofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry,InstituteofPsychiatry,Psychologyand Neuroscience,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK Thiseditionfirstpublished2015©2015byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Registeredoffice: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices: 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 1606GoldenAspenDrive,Suites103and104,Ames,Iowa50010,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterial inthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Rutter’schildandadolescentpsychiatry/editedbyAnitaThaparandDanielS.Pine,JamesF.Leckman,StephenScott,MargaretJ.Snowling, EricTaylor.–Sixthedition. p.;cm. Childandadolescentpsychiatry Precededby:Rutter’schildandadolescentpsychiatry/editedbyMichaelRutter...[etal.].5thed.2008. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-118-38196-0(cloth) I.Thapar,Anita,editor.II.Title:Childandadolescentpsychiatry. [DNLM:1.MentalDisorders.2.AdolescentBehavior.3.Adolescent.4.Child.5.DevelopmentalDisabilities.WS350] RJ499 618.92′89–dc23 2014032477 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin9.5/12pt,MinionPro-RegularbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India 1 2015 Contents Listofcontributors,ix 11 Neuroimaginginchildpsychiatry,132 Foreword,xv KevinPelphrey,BrentVanderWykandMichaelCrowley Preface,xvii C: Epidemiology,interventionsandservices Part I: Conceptual issues and research 12 Usingnaturalexperimentsandanimalmodelsto approaches studycausalhypothesesinrelationtochildmental healthproblems,145 A: Developmentalpsychopathology AnitaThaparandMichaelRutter 1 Developmentandpsychopathology:alifecourse 13 Usingepidemiologytoplan,organize,andevaluate perspective,5 servicesforchildrenandadolescentswithmental BarbaraMaughanandStephanCollishaw healthproblems,163 MirandaWolpertandTamsinFord 2 Diagnosis,diagnosticformulations,andclassification,17 MichaelRutterandDanielS.Pine 14 Evaluatinginterventions,177 3 Neurodevelopmentaldisorders,31 HelenaChmuraKraemer AnitaThaparandMichaelRutter 15 Whatcliniciansneedtoknowaboutstatistical 4 Conceptualissuesandempiricalchallengesinthe issuesandmethods,188 disruptivebehaviordisorders,41 AndrewPicklesandRachaelBedford JonathanHillandBarbaraMaughan 16 Globalpsychiatry,201 5 Emotion,emotionregulationandemotional AtifRahmanandChristianKieling disorders:conceptualissuesforcliniciansand neuroscientists,53 17 Preventionofmentaldisordersandpromotionof ArgyrisStringaris competence,215 MarkT.GreenbergandNathanielR.Riggs 6 Attachment:normaldevelopment,individual differences,andassociationswithexperience,65 18 Healtheconomics,227 MaryDozierandKristinBernard MartinKnappandSaraEvans-Lacko 7 Infant/earlyyearsmentalhealth,79 19 Legalissuesinthecareandtreatmentofchildren TuulaTamminenandKaijaPuura withmentalhealthproblems,239 8 Temperament:individualdifferencesinreactivity BrendaHaleandJaneFortin andregulationasantecedenttopersonality,93 20 Children’stestimony:ascientificframeworkfor NathanA.FoxandOlgaL.Walker evaluatingthereliabilityofchildren’sstatements,250 MaggieBruckandStephenJ.Ceci B: Neurobiology 9 Neurobiologicalperspectivesondevelopmental 21 Residentialandfostercare,261 psychopathology,107 MarinusH.vanIJzendoorn,MarianJ. MarkH.Johnson Bakermans-KranenburgandStephenScott 10 Systemsneuroscience,119 22 Adoption,273 DanielS.Pine NancyJ.CohenandFatanehFarnia v vi Contents Part II: Influences on psychopathology 39 Familyinterventions,510 IvanEislerandJudithLask 23 Biologyofenvironmentaleffects,287 MichaelRutterandCamillaAzis-Clauson 40 Relationship-basedtreatments,521 JonathanGreen 24 Genetics,303 MatthewW.StateandAnitaThapar 41 Educationalinterventionsforchildren’slearning difficulties,533 25 Epigeneticsandthedevelopmentaloriginsof CharlesHulmeandMonicaMelby-Lervåg vulnerabilityformentaldisorders,317 MichaelJ.MeaneyandKieranJ.O’Donnell 42 School-basedmentalhealthinterventions,545 SallyN.MerryandStephanieMoor 26 Psychosocialadversity,330 JenniferJenkins,SheriMadiganandLouiseArseneault 43 Pharmacological,medically-ledandrelated treatments,559 27 Resilience:concepts,findings,andclinical EricTaylor implications,341 MichaelRutter C: Contextsoftheclinicalencounterandspecific 28 Impactofparentalpsychiatricdisorderand clinicalsituations physicalillness,352 44 Refugee,asylum-seekingandinternallydisplaced AlanSteinandGordonHarold childrenandadolescents,575 29 Childmaltreatment,364 MinaFazel,RuthReedandAlanStein AndreaDaneseandEamonMcCrory 45 Pediatricconsultationandpsychiatricaspectsof 30 Childsexualabuse,376 somaticdisease,586 DanyaGlaser ElizabethPinsky,PaulaK.RauchandAnnahN.Abrams 31 Braindisordersandpsychopathology,389 46 Mentalhealthandresilienceinchildrenand IsobelHeyman,DavidSkuseandRobertGoodman adolescentsaffectedbyHIV/AIDS,599 TheresaS.Betancourt,DavidJ.GrelottiandNathanB. Hansen Part III: Approaching the clinical encounter 47 Childrenwithspecificsensoryimpairments,612 NaomiDaleandLindseyEdwards A: Theclinicalassessment 48 Assessmentandtreatmentinnonspecialist 32 Clinicalassessmentanddiagnosticformulation,407 communityhealthcaresettings,623 JamesF.LeckmanandEricTaylor TamiKramerandM.ElenaGarralda 33 Useofstructuredinterviews,ratingscales,and 49 Forensicpsychiatry,636 observationalmethodsinclinicalsettings,419 SusanYoungandRichardChurch PrudenceW.Fisher,EricaM.ChinandHilaryB.Vidair 50 Provisionofintensivetreatment:intensive 34 Psychologicalassessmentintheclinicalcontext,436 outreach,dayunits,andin-patientunits,648 TonyCharman,JaneHoodandPatriciaHowlin AnthonyJamesandAnneWorrall-Davies 35 Physicalexaminationandmedicalinvestigation,449 KennethE.Towbin Part IV: Clinical syndromes: neurodevelopmental, emotional, B: Consideringandselectingavailabletreatments behavioral, somatic/body-brain 36 Psychologicalinterventions:overviewandcritical A: Neurodevelopmental issuesforthefield,463 JohnR.Weisz,MeiYiNgandNancyLau 51 Autismspectrumdisorder,665 AnnLeCouteurandPeterSzatmari 37 Parentingprograms,483 StephenScottandFrancesGardner 52 Disordersofspeech,language,andcommunication,683 CourtenayFrazierNorburyandRheaPaul 38 Cognitive-behavioraltherapy,behavioraltherapy, andrelatedtreatmentsinchildren,496 53 Disordersofreading,mathematicalandmotor PhilipC.Kendall,JeremyS.PetermanandColleenM. development,702 Cummings MargaretJ.SnowlingandCharlesHulme Contents vii 64 Suicidalbehaviorandself-harm,893 54 Intellectualdisability,719 KeithHawton,RoryC.O’ConnorandKateE.A. EmilySimonoff Saunders 55 ADHDandhyperkineticdisorder,738 EdmundJ.S.Sonuga-BarkeandEricTaylor C: Behavioral 56 Ticdisorders,757 65 Oppositionalandconductdisorders,913 JamesF.LeckmanandMichaelH.Bloch StephenScott 57 Schizophreniaandpsychosis,774 66 Substance-relatedandaddictivedisorders,931 ChrisHollisandLenaPalaniyappan ThomasJ.CrowleyandJosephT.Sakai 67 Disordersofpersonality,950 JonathanHill B: Emotional 68 Developmentalriskforpsychopathy,966 58 Disordersofattachmentandsocialengagement EssiVidingandEamonMcCrory relatedtodeprivation,795 CharlesH.ZeanahandAnnaT.Smyke D: Somatic/body-brain 59 Posttraumaticstressdisorder,806 69 Genderdysphoriaandparaphilicsexualdisorders,983 WilliamYuleandPatrickSmith KennethJ.ZuckerandMichaelC.Seto 60 Anxietydisorders,822 70 Sleepinterventions:adevelopmentalperspective,999 DanielS.PineandRachelG.Klein AllisonG.HarveyandEleanorL.McGlinchey 61 Obsessivecompulsivedisorder,841 71 Feedingandeatingdisorders,1016 JudithL.RapoportandPhilipShaw RachelBryant-WaughandBethWatkins 62 Bipolardisorderinchildhood,858 72 Somatoformandrelateddisorders,1035 EllenLeibenluftandDanielP.Dickstein M.ElenaGarraldaandCharlotteUlrikkaRask 63 Depressivedisordersinchildhoodandadolescence,874 DavidBrentandFadiMaalouf Index,1055