This volume flls a critical gap in the literature and signifcantly advances knowl- edge on rurality and victimization. Rich in detail and broad in scope, it ofers a thoughtful and provocative challenge to the urban bias evident in victimization theory, research, and practice. A must read for all scholars and students interested in victimization and social contexts. —Jillian Turanovic, Associate Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University Victims of crime are neglected globally – and even more so in rural areas. Harkness and Hale address this void through Rural Victims of Crime, ofering an innovative assessment of ‘the rural victim’. The book is an expedition through notions of place and space, constructions of rural victims in a variety of contexts, and the impact that geographic location has on the type and prevalence of victimisation. A must- read for academics and students of the subject. —Willie Clack, Senior Lecturer in the School of Criminal Justice, the University of South Africa, Pretoria Victimisation research typically focuses on urban settings, despite diferences in experiences, impacts, risks, barriers to help-seeking, and responses in rural areas – as victim/survivors, advocates and practitioners can attest. This important collection provides much needed insights, evidence, theoretical and conceptual contributions, and calls for greater attention (and resourcing) beyond the cityscape. —Bridget Harris, Associate Professor of Criminology, Monash University and Deputy Director, Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre This volume signifcantly expands our understanding of victimization by situating it in a global rural context. Opening chapters lay the groundwork for coverage of a range of substantive topics, each structured around a theoretical framework. Case studies accompany these topics, putting a human face on each. —Ralph Weisheit, Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice, Illinois State University This book brings to the forefront the vital link between the need to understand the context of victimisation for the billions of rural peoples around the world, and their great need for access to justice services in the countries where they live. —Joseph F. Donnermeyer, Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University RURAL VICTIMS OF CRIME Rural Victims of Crime ofers a pioneering sustained assessment of ‘the rural victim’. It does so by examining and analysing the conceptual constructs of a victim and challenging the urban bias of victimisation and victimology in criminological study. Indeed, far too much criminological scholarship is based on the false assumption that rural areas are relatively crime free – and thus free, too, of victims. Providing international perspectives, chapters in this edited collection focus centrally on notions of place and space, and constructions of rural victims in a variety of contexts, exploring the impact that geographic location has on the type and prevalence of victimisation. The concept of victimisation is often considered in terms of interpersonal relationships between humans, neglecting the potent impact of victimisation of non-humans and the natural and built environment. Rural Victims of Crime discusses existing notions of victimology in relation to non-human subjects, broadening conceptualisations of the victim and associated impacts resulting from victimisation. Structured in three parts, Rural Victims of Crime conceptualises the rural victim, enhances understanding of the realities of rural victimisation and considers both formal and informal responses to rural victimisation. Chapters are accompanied by practical, contemporary case studies to connect theory with praxis. This book is an essential and valuable resource for academics, students and practitioners alike in the felds of criminology, criminal justice, rural studies, victimology, geography, sociology and spatiality. Rachel Hale is an independent researcher based in Melbourne, Australia. Alistair Harkness is a senior lecturer in criminology at the University of New England, Australia. Routledge Studies in Rural Criminology Edited by Joseph F. Donnermeyer The Ohio State University For a long time, criminological scholarship that focused on rural people and com- munities was lacking. Thankfully, those days have begun to wane, being replaced by a more vigorous intellectual examination of rural crime and criminal justice issues. The Routledge Series in Rural Criminology is the frst series dedicated to signifcant criminological and criminal justice issues afecting rural peoples and rural com- munities. It brings together rural criminology scholars across the world in order to actively apply, critique, and revise criminological theory. More than that, the books in this series show how the implications of their research are key for crime preven- tion, policing, and criminal justice policy in rural areas. This series will highlight the best and most innovative research and theorizing in rural criminology. In doing so, it promises to be foundational in the development of this evolving feld. Rural Crime Prevention Theory, Tactics and Techniques Edited by Alistair Harkness Woman Abuse in Rural Places Walter S. DeKeseredy Research Methods for Rural Criminologists Edited by Ralph A. Weisheit, Jessica Rene Peterson and Artur Pytlarz Rural Victims of Crime Representations, Realities and Responses Edited by Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness RURAL VICTIMS OF CRIME Representations, Realities and Responses Edited by Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness Designed cover image: GoodLifeStudio First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-367-67761-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-67763-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-13269-1 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003132691 Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC CONTENTS Notes on contributors x List of fgures xv List of tables xvi Foreword xvii Preface xviii Acknowledgements xx 1 Rural victims of crime in contemporary context 1 Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness PART I Representations 13 2 Measuring and researching rural victimisation 15 Rachel Hale, Alistair Harkness and Kyle J.D. Mulrooney 3 Access to justice for rural victims 27 Joseph F. Donnermeyer 4 Rurality, crime and fear of crime 38 Vania Ceccato viii Contents PART II Realities 49 5 Interpersonal violent victimisation beyond the cityscape 51 Ethan M. Rogers, Mark T. Berg, James C. Wo and William Alex Pridemore Case study: lethality beyond the cityscape 65 6 Male violence against women in rural places 68 Walter S. DeKeseredy Case study: rural battered women syndrome 80 7 Victims with disabilities in rural areas 83 Marg Camilleri Case study: barriers to reporting victimisation for rural victims with complex communication needs 97 8 Victimisation of the vulnerable older rural resident 100 Barbara Blundell, Emily Moir and Amy Warren Case study: applying the crime triangle to Indigenous rural elder abuse 114 9 Modern slavery in agrarian settings 117 Richard Byrne and Kreseda Smith Case study: farm worker victimisation by an organised criminal gang in the United Kingdom 129 10 Victims of farm crime 132 Gorazd Meško and Katja Eman Case study: metal rods in corn – when personal resentment exceeds all limits of normal 145 11 Victims of hate crime in rural communities 148 Melina Stewart-North, Rachel Hale and George Van Doorn Case study: beard cutting as hate crime in a rural Amish community 160 Contents ix 12 Rural victims of the climate crisis 163 Rob White Case study: my home is on fre 174 13 The natural and built rural environments as victims 177 Louise Nicholas and Suzie Thomas Case study: Rio Tinto destruction of Juukan Gorge cave system, Western Australia 189 PART III Responses 193 14 Legal supports and services for rural victims 195 Hannah Haksgaard Case study: South Dakota’s rural attorney recruitment program 207 15 Policing rural victims 210 Danielle Watson, John Scott, Tifany Sutherland and Lamese Laponi Case study: policing rural victims in the Pacifc Island State of Tuvalu 220 16 The provision of support and advocacy for rural victims 224 Shelly A. McGrath and Melencia Johnson Case study: victim advocacy in the Delta Region of the United States 237 17 Community-level responses to rural victimisation 241 Tarah Hodgkinson Case study: implementing SafeGrowth in North Battleford and Roma 252 18 Rural victimology scholarship into the future 256 Rachel Hale and Alistair Harkness Index 267