CPA: Rules for Underground Party Work [circa March 1920] 1 Rules for Underground Party Work [leaflet of the CPA — circa March 1920] Typeset publication produced for internal party circulation. Copy in the Comintern Archive, RGASPI, f. 515, op. 1, d. 34, ll. 22-23. 1) DON’T betray Party work and Party traitor. workers under any circumstances. 2) DON’T carry or keep with you names 2) To be caught with plainly written names and addresses, except in good code. and addresses of comrades or Party workers and 3) DON’T keep in your rooms openly any places is very nearly the same as betraying them incriminating documents or literature. to the government; at least in effect it is the same. 4) DON’T take any unnecessary risks in Such names and addresses should never, not for a Party work. moment, be plainly written out. They should not 5) DON’T shirk Party work because of the be written out in full at all. Carry in your memory risk connected with it. as much as you can, and let your notes be mere 6) DON’T boast of what you have to do or “memory aids.” And whenever you must write have done for the Party. down, write it in good code. 7) DON’T divulge your membership in the Be sure, however, in all cases, that you have Party without necessity. and know the correct addresses. It is absolutely 8) DON’T let any spies follow you to ap- wrong to be asking the way to a Party address from pointments or meetings. passersby or even from the janitor and inhabit- 9) DON’T lose your nerve in danger. ants of the very buildings where they are located. 10) DON’T answer any questions if arrested, It is also very hurtful to make mistakes in Party either at preliminary hearings or in the court. shipment or mail addresses: through them impor- tant mail and shipments not only are lost, but are 1) The unpardonable crime in underground delivered into the hands of the government; Party Party work is the betrayal of it or of its workers. shipping methods are disclosed; the correct ad- To give information about them to the govern- dresses are spoiled; and to cap it all, it may be the ment is equal to outright treason regardless of what means through which the real addressee may be means, what tortures may have been used to arrested. Always, when giving or taking or using wrench it from the comrade. DON’T BE A TRAI- Party addresses, look twice, to be sure that there TOR! Make up your mind for that! Let this de- are no mistakes. termination penetrate to the very depths of your Write in good code whatever you must write unconscious self, so that it would stand up under down. A code for numbers is very easy to use at any influence, under any tortures. There is no con- all times. Make up a word of 10 letters, or 2 words demnation, no punishment strong enough for a of 5 each (but note that will make sense, as then 1 2 CPA: Rules for Underground Party Work [circa March 1920] they are easy to decipher); take such as “verga Party, the more he is looked for, the greater is his dsihw” (no letter to be used twice), and then use risk, and the greater should be his carefulness and “v” for 1, “e” for 2, “r” for 3, and so forth, “w” for precautions. 0. For Party mail and shipments indirect ad- 5) He is not a coward who, working for the dresses should be used whenever possible. Party, is very cautious and careful. The test is in An organizer, through whose negligence Party the work — is he doing it or not? Is he willing to names and addresses fall into the hands of the gov- take the unavoidable risk that is connected with ernment is little better than a traitor. all underground Party work — or is he trying, under one pretext or another, to avoid all risk to 3) Keep your rooms “clean.” A little care in himself by keeping away from Party work alto- this respect may save you in case of accidental ar- gether? If a comrade does his share of Party work, rest or search on suspicion. Especially keep clean he is a better worker for doing it with the least of any quantities of our papers, leaflets, or litera- possible risk. If he does not do his share, he is a ture that would show that you are participating coward and a deserter regardless of anything else, in the distribution of them. They cannot do very regardless of his loud talking and boasting of his much for your reading revolutionary literature, courage. but they will surely tuck you in for distributing it. The rule is: Party work must be done — with And then, why should you risk being known as a the least possible risk; without risk, if possible — Communist to all those who happen to come to but it must be done. your rooms — unknown “friends,” peddlers, col- lectors, etc.? 6) Boasting is foolish in general, but boast- ing of your work for the Party, thereby incurring 4) Not only for your own sake, but for the absolutely unnecessary risks for yourself and for sake of the Party, for preserving yourself as a Party the Party work, is positively criminal. What you worker, you should avoid all unnecessary risks. Be know, or what you have been entrusted to do of very careful in distributing our literature, or con- Party work, nobody else should know, except those ducting our agitation and propaganda in the shops who have a Party business to know it — nobody and unions. else, not even the best comrade, not even your wife Be still more careful if you are entrusted with or husband or sweetheart. responsible positions in the Party organization. And be careful you are not overheard by oth- You can imagine how it would hurt our or- ers when you have to talk Party business. ganization work if a District Organizer, or any comrade from the Central Departments were ar- 7) Party work, Party agitation and propa- rested. For these comrades it would be absolutely ganda — even the collection of Party funds from foolish to take the risk of distributing literature outsiders and the getting of new members for the from house to house, for example. They should Party, can be and should be carried on without not be seen one with the other, or even in groups divulging one’s membership in the Party. It is of more than 2, at all. If any one of them may be sufficient to say, in some cases, that you endorse under suspicion of being an important Party and support the Party; in others, that you have worker, why should he give the spies an opportu- connections with Party members. Only when you nity to place their suspicions on the others? bring a new member up to the probationary group The more important one’s position in the you have to show him that you are a member your- CPA: Rules for Underground Party Work [circa March 1920] 3 self. 9) Presence of mind, control, calmness, and That through your activities you should be preparation for emergencies count much in un- known as a “red” in your shop or union is all right; derground Party work. When going to it, you that is too general an attribute to be made the should always think in advance of those incrimi- basis for prosecutions and punishment; but you nating situations that are likely to arise, and pre- should not be known as a member of the Com- pare yourself for them — how to avoid them — munist Party. how to get out of them, if unavoidable. Be sure you have no unnecessary incrimina- 8) Every one of us knows that thousands of tory notes of things with you, or in your rooms, spies are on the job every day in every city bent when you go to underground Party work. Always upon ferreting out our members, our meetings have a good answer ready for a sudden “What are and working places — but how many of us take you doing or looking for here?” — “Where are this in consideration and see that they are not you going?” — “From where?” being followed when going to an appointment, Prepare yourself for accidental risks. Think to a meeting, or even to a working place of ours?! of them in advance, and impress upon yourself Especially those comrades who are more or less that you will be calm and not lose your nerve when under suspicion, or even have been out, arrested, suddenly confronted with them. Calmness and and indicted. good composure will many times save you where Do you know what that they are sometimes confusion and fear would have exposed you. let out on purpose, like a bait, for the spies to Hide, or throw away, or destroy, as far as pos- watch their steps, to follow them, and so to dis- sible, any material evidence when you see that you cover our workers and our addresses?! will be caught. Of course, you must not do that This does not mean that they should keep lightly — you must not do that at the slightest away from all Party work. It only means that they provocation. Before doing that be sure it is not a should be especially careful and circumspect. false alarm. Do you know that, in order to keep track of AVOID ARREST BY ALL POSSIBLE our work, they will open up our letters, photo- MEANS. graph or copy them, and then send them through to us nicely closed again? They do not hold them 10) I you are arrested, however; that is, if up altogether, you see, because that would stop they have sufficient evidence, or sufficient grounds the sending of those letters, that would put the for suspicion, that you are a Communist, and comrades on their guard. therefore, as a deathly enemy of the present order, Do not beget a false sense of security because subject to suppression and imprisonment, law or for some length of time no arrests are made and no law — but first to be made use of in getting no raids; it may be the calm before the storm. hold of other Communists, in destroying the They may simply be gathering more and more whole organization, if possible — first to be ques- information, getting hold of more and more of tioned and grilled, to be pumped for various in- our organization threads, in order to swoop down formation, to be put through the Third Degree upon us suddenly and try to break them all, try to — then the only correct thing to do, the best thing paralyze us again, as they did in the January raids. in the circumstances, is absolute refusal to answer They will never do quite that again — but if our any questions. (Ask for a lawyer. You have the right comrades are not very careful all the time, we may for that. And you have the right to refuse to an- suffer great injuries all the same. swer questions, whatever that may help you.) 4 CPA: Rules for Underground Party Work [circa March 1920] This course of action has been proved best will try to get you to begin to answer their ques- by the experiences of our Russian comrades in their tions. Also remember that they have their spies long years of difficult underground struggle against and stool pigeons in all jails. Don’t give your tsarism. They have put their findings into a little confidence to a “jail-mate” unless you are quite booklet, How to Act at Hearings, and their un- sure that he may be trusted. equivocal conclusion and advice is this: “DON’T As to the idea that we can make any propa- ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS!” ganda through the courtroom — it is impossible. Whether you answer them with the idea of The judge will frustrate your efforts to give a clear trying to extricate yourself, to explain away all sus- exposition of your ideas, and will confuse and picions, so that they should let you go; or whether provoke you. The press (even the Socialist press) you answer them with the idea of confessing your will distort and misrepresent your utterances, or own part and trying to shield other comrades; or simply ignore them. As to agitation and propa- trying to influence, to convert, so to say, the spies ganda through our own papers and leaflets, it can and prosecutors — the result is always against the be carried on just the same when you don’t an- interests of our Party. Willingly or unwillingly, swer any questions as when you do — and per- consciously or unconsciously, seeing it or not, you haps even better. will yield some information to them, if you an- Bear in mind the appalling danger of betray- swer their questions. Mere confirmation of infor- ing your comrades, betraying the party — uncon- mation that they show they already possess may sciously, against your will, but opening them up be of great help to them in checking up the re- to the attacks of our enemies just the same — IF ports of their stool pigeons and spies, and in con- YOU ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS, and you fronting other comrades, at hearings or in court, will resolve NOT TO ANSWER THEM, if ar- with your testimony as a proof of their claims. rested, just the same as you are determined NOT Do not believe them, however, when they TO BE A TRAITOR. tell you that other comrades are confessing and giving them this and that information. That is only Central Executive Committee, one of their many tricks and ruses, by which they COMMUNIST PARTY OF AMERICA. Edited by Tim Davenport. Published by 1000 Flowers Publishing, Corvallis, OR, 2007. • Non-commercial reproduction permitted. http://www.marxisthistory.org