ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Since becoming formally established with an international academic society in the late 1980s, ecological economics has advanced understanding of the interactions between social and biophysical reality. It initially combined questioning of the basis of mainstream economics with a concern for environmental degradation and limits to growth, but has now advanced well beyond critique into theoretical, analytical and policy alternatives. Social ecological economics and transformation to an alternative future now form core ideas in an interdisciplinary approach combining insights from a range of disciplines including heterodox economics, political ecology, sociology, political science, social psychology, applied philosophy, environmental ethics and a range of natural sciences. This handbook, edited by a leading figure in the field, demonstrates the dynamism of ecological economics in a wide-ranging collection of state-of-the-art essays. Containing contributions from an array of international researchers who are pushing the boundaries of the field, the Routledge Handbook of Ecological Economics showcases the diversity of the field and points the way forward. A critical analytical perspective is combined with realism about how economic systems operate and their essential connection to the natural world and society. This provides a rich understanding of how biophysical reality relates to and integrates with social reality. Chapters provide succinct overviews of the literature covering a range of subject areas including: heterodox thought on the environment; society, power and politics, markets and consumption; value and ethics; science and society; methods for evaluation and policy analysis; policy challenges; and the future post-growth society. The rich contents dispel the myth of there being no alternatives to current economic thought and the political economy it supports. The Routledge Handbook of Ecological Economics provides a guide to the literature on ecological economics in an informative and easily accessible form. It is essential reading for those interested in exploring and understanding the interactions between the social, ecological and economic and is an important resource for those interested in fields such as: human ecology, political ecology, environmental politics, human geography, environmental management, environmental evaluation, future and transition studies, environmental policy, development studies and heterodox economics. Clive L. Spash is an economist with extensive international experience who has specialised in environmental research for over three decades. He currently holds the Chair of Public Policy and Governance at WU, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria. ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Nature and Society Edited by Clive L. Spash First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 selection and editorial matter, Clive L. Spash; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Clive L. Spash to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Spash, Clive L., editor. Title: Routledge handbook of ecological economics : nature and society / edited by Clive L. Spash. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016046308| ISBN 9781138931510 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315679747 (ebook)Subjects: LCSH: Environmental economics. | Environmental policy--Economic aspects. | Ecology--Economic aspects. Classification: LCC HC79.E5 R6747 2017 | DDC 333.7--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016046308 ISBN: 978-1-138-93151-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-67974-7 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby CONTENTS List of figures x List of tables xi Preface xii PART I Foundations 1 1 Social ecological economics 3 Clive L. Spash 2 A critical and realist approach to ecological economics 17 Armin Puller and Tone Smith PART II Heterodox thought on the environment 27 3 Critical institutional economics 29 Arild Vatn 4 Political ecology and unequal exchange 39 Alf Hornborg 5 Ecofeminism 48 Ariel Salleh Contents 6 Ecological Marxism and ecological economics: from misunderstanding to meaningful dialogue 57 Ali Douai 7 Post Keynesian economics and sustainable development 67 Eric Berr 8 Evolutionary economics 77 Karolina Safarzynska PART III Biophysical reality and its implications 87 9 Thermodynamics: relevance, implications, misuse and ways forward 89 Kozo Torasan Mayumi 10 Geophysical limits, raw material use and their policy implications 99 Armin Dieter 11 Social metabolism 108 Fridolin Krausmann 12 The biophysical realities of ecosystems 119 Vincent Devictor 13 Coevolutionary social ecological economics 129 Richard B. Norgaard PART IV Society, power and politics 139 14 Theories of power 141 Lorenz Stör 15 The imperial mode of living 152 Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen 16 A guide to environmental justice movements and the language of ecological distribution conflicts 162 Joan Martinez-Alier 17 Social movements and resistance 173 Viviana Asara vi Contents PART V Markets, production and consumption 183 18 Unregulated markets and the transformation of society 185 Asad Zaman 19 Theory of the firm 194 Peter E. Earl 20 Theories of (un)sustainable consumption 203 Clive L. Spash and Karin Dobernig 21 Work and leisure: money, identity and playfulness 214 Wolfgang J. Fellner PART VI Value and ethics 225 22 Pluralism and incommensurability 227 John O’Neill 23 Intrinsic values and economic valuation 237 Katie McShane 24 Needs as a central element of sustainable development 246 Felix Rauschmayer and Ines Omann 25 Future generations 256 Richard B. Howarth PART VII Science and society: uncertainty and precaution 265 26 Precautionary appraisal as a response to risk, uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance 267 Andy Stirling 27 Safe minimum standards: addressing strong uncertainty 278 Irmi Seidl 28 Post-normal science 288 Roger Strand vii Contents PART VIII Methods 299 29 The NUSAP approach to uncertainty appraisal and communication 301 Jeroen P. van der Sluijs 30 Multiple criteria evaluation in environmental policy analysis 311 Salvatore Greco and Giuseppe Munda 31 Multicriteria mapping 321 Rebecca White 32 Q methodology 331 Ben Davies 33 Participation in the context of ecological economics 341 Kirsty L. Blackstock 34 Deliberative monetary valuation 351 Jasper O. Kenter 35 Participatory modelling in ecological economics: lessons from practice 362 Nuno Videira, Paula Antunes and Rui Santos 36 Input-output analysis 372 Jon D. Erickson and Melinda Kane 37 Sustainability indicators 382 Philippe Roman and Géraldine Thiry PART IX Policy challenges 393 38 Commons 395 Bengi Akbulut 39 Uneven development and resource extractivism in Africa 404 Patrick Bond 40 Mining conflicts 414 Begüm Özkaynak and Beatriz Rodriguez-Labajos 41 Peak-Oil and ecological economics 425 Christian Kerschner and Iñigo Capellán-Pérez viii Contents 42 Human induced climate change from a political economy perspective 436 Max Koch 43 Ecosystem services 445 Erik Gómez-Baggethun PART X Future post-growth society 455 44 Degrowth and democracy 457 Daniel Hausknost 45 The steady state economy 467 Brian Czech 46 Post-growth economics 477 Niko Paech 47 The bioregional economy: celebrating the local in production and consumption 487 Molly Scott Cato 48 The coming sustainable city 497 Laura Frye-Levine and Richard S. Levine 49 Eco-social enterprises 507 Nadia Johanisova and Eva Franˇková 50 Democracy, participation and social planning 517 Fikret Adaman and Pat Devine Index 526 ix