Routledge encyclopedia of tRanslation studies TF17062.indb 1 26/9/08 11:06:05 TF17062.indb 2 26/9/08 11:06:05 Routledge encyclopedia of tRanslation studies Second edition Edited by MONA BAKER and GABRIELA SALDANHA TF17062.indb 3 26/9/08 11:06:05 First published in 1998 by Routledge Second edition published in 2009 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. © 1998, 2009 Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies / edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. 1. Translating and interpreting--Encyclopedias. I. Baker, Mona. II. Saldanha, Gabriela. P306.E57 2008 418'.0203--dc22 2008007761 ISBN 0-203-87206-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-36930-4 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-203-02911-9 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-36930-5 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-02911-4 (ebk) TF17062.indb 4 26/9/08 11:06:05 Contents List of figures and tables viii List of consultant editors ix List of contributors x Introduction to the first edition xiv Introduction to the second edition xx part i: general Adaptation Georges L. Bastin 3 Advertising Ira Torresi 6 Asylum Moira Inghilleri 10 Audiovisual translation Luis Pérez González 13 Bible, Jewish and Christian Lynell Zogbo 21 Censorship Francesca Billiani 28 Children’s literature Gillian Lathey 31 Classical texts Lorna Hardwick 34 Comics Federico Zanettin 37 Commercial translation Maeve Olohan 40 Community interpreting Cecilia Wadensjö 43 Computer-aided translation (CAT) Minako O’Hagan 48 Conference interpreting, historical and cognitive perspectives Daniel Gile 51 Conference interpreting, sociocultural perspectives Ebru Diriker 56 Corpora Dorothy Kenny 59 Court interpreting Muhammad Y. Gamal 63 Cultural translation Kate Sturge 67 Culture David Katan 70 Deconstruction Kathleen Davis 74 Descriptive vs. committed approaches Siobhan Brownlie 77 Dialogue Interpreting Ian Mason 81 Directionality Allison Beeby Lonsdale 84 Discourse analysis Basil Hatim 88 Drama translation Gunilla Anderman 92 Equivalence Dorothy Kenny 96 Ethics Moira Inghilleri (and Carol Maier) 100 Explicitation Kinga Klaudy 104 Fictional representations Dirk Delabastita 109 Foreign language teaching Guy Cook 112 Functionalist approaches Christina Schäffner 115 Gender and sexuality Luise von Flotow 122 Globalization Michael Cronin 126 TF17062.indb 5 26/9/08 11:06:05 vi Contents Hermeneutics Theo Hermans 130 History James St André 133 Ideology Peter Fawcett and Jeremy Munday 137 Institutional translation Ji-Hae Kang 141 Interpretive approach Myriam Salama-Carr 145 Linguistic approaches Gabriela Saldanha 148 Literary translation Francis R. Jones 152 Localization Reinhard Schäler 157 Machine Translation Ke Ping 162 Minority Michael Cronin 169 Mobility Loredana Polezzi 172 Models Theo Hermans 178 Multilingualism Rainier Grutman 182 News gathering and dissemination Jerry Palmer 186 Norms Mona Baker 189 Poetry Jean Boase-Beier 194 Polysystem Mark Shuttleworth 197 Postcolonial approaches Wang Hui 200 Pragmatics Basil Hatim 204 Pseudotranslation Paolo Rambelli 208 Psycholinguistic and cognitive approaches Sandra Halverson 211 Publishing strategies Terry Hale 217 Quality Juliane House 222 Qur’ān (Koran) Hassan Mustapha 225 Relay James St André 230 Retranslation Şehnaz Tahir Gürçaglar 232 Reviewing and criticism Carol Maier 236 Rewriting Dimitris Asimakoulas 241 Scientific and technical translation Maeve Olohan 246 Script Gordon Brotherston 249 Self-translation Rainier Grutman 257 Semiotics Ubaldo Stecconi 260 Shakespeare Dirk Delabastita 263 Shifts Matthijs Bakker, Cees Koster and Kitty van Leuven-Zwart 269 Signed language interpreting Lorraine Leeson 274 Sociological approaches Moira Inghilleri 279 Strategies John Kearns 282 Terminology Lynne Bowker 286 Think-aloud protocols Riitta Jääskeläinen 290 Training and education Dorothy Kelly and Anne Martin 294 Translatability Theo Hermans 300 Unit of translation Dorothy Kenny 304 Universals Sara Laviosa 306 part ii: History and traditions African tradition Paul Bandia 313 American tradition Lawrence Venuti 320 Arabic tradition Mona Baker and Sameh Fekry Hanna 328 TF17062.indb 6 26/9/08 11:06:05 Contents vii Brazilian tradition Heloisa Gonçalves Barbosa and Lia Wyler 338 British tradition Roger Ellis and Liz Oakley-Brown 344 Bulgarian tradition Anna Lilova 354 Canadian tradition Jean Delisle 362 Chinese tradition Eva Hung and David Pollard 369 Czech tradition Zlata Kufnerová and Ewald Osers 378 Danish and Norwegian traditions Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen and Per Qvale 385 Dutch tradition Theo Hermans 390 Finnish tradition Andrew Chesterman 398 French tradition Myriam Salama-Carr 404 German tradition Harald Kittel and Andreas Poltermann 411 Greek tradition David Connolly and Aliki Bacopoulou-Halls 418 Hebrew tradition Gideon Toury 427 Hungarian tradition György Radó 435 Icelandic tradition Keneva Kunz 442 Indian tradition Ramesh Krishnamurthy 449 Italian tradition Riccardo Duranti 459 Japanese tradition Masaomo Kondo and Judy Wakabayashi 468 Latin tradition Louis G. Kelly 477 Latin American tradition Georges L. Bastin 486 Persian tradition Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak 493 Polish tradition Elżbieta Tabakowska 501 Romanian tradition János Kohn 510 Russian tradition Vilen N. Komissarov 517 Slovak tradition Zlata Kufnerová and Ewald Osers 525 Southeast Asian traditions Harry Aveling and Teri Shaffer Yamada 527 Spanish tradition Anthony Pym 533 Swedish tradition Lars Wollin 542 Turkish tradition Saliha Paker 550 Bibliography 561 Index 661 TF17062.indb 7 26/9/08 11:06:05 list of figures and tables figures Figure 1: Adapted from Brake et al. (1995:39; Katan 1999/2004: 43) 71 Figure 2: Hieroglyphic forms of humans and animals on Stela D at Copan, Honduras 253 Figure 3: ‘La Colombe poignardée et le jet d’eau’ by Guillaume Apollinaire 255 Figure 4: ‘Il pleut’ by Guillaume Apollinaire 256 Figure 5: The foundation of T-semiosis 263 tables Table 1: Translated works published in Iceland 447 TF17062.indb 8 26/9/08 11:06:05 Consultant editors Annie Brisset University of Ottawa, Canada Martha Cheung Hong Kong Baptist University Hoda Elsadda Cairo University, Egypt and University of Manchester, UK Theo Hermans University College London, UK Jeremy Munday University of Leeds, UK Mahasweta Sengupta Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad, India Elżbieta Tabakowska Jagiellonian University, Poland Kumiko Torikai Rikkyo University, Japan TF17062.indb 9 26/9/08 11:06:06